throbber
Are Physicians "Easy Marks"? Quantifying the Effects of Detailing and Sampling on New
`Prescriptions
`Author(s): Natalie Mizik and Robert Jacobson
`Source: Management Science, Vol. 50, No. 12 (Dec., 2004), pp. 1704-1715
`Published by: INFORMS
`Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30048061
`Accessed: 20/01/2015 13:37
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`This content downloaded from 208.85.77.1 on Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:37:52 PM
`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
`
`SENJU EXHIBIT 2207
`INNOPHARMA v SENJU
`IPR2015-00903
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`PAGE 1 OF 13
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`This content downloaded from 208.85.77.1 on Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:37:52 PM
`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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`This content downloaded from 208.85.77.1 on Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:37:52 PM
`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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`This content downloaded from 208.85.77.1 on Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:37:52 PM
`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
`
`PAGE 8 OF 13
`
`

`
`Mizik and Jacobson: Qua11tifying the Effects of Detailing and Sampling on New Prescriptions
`Management Science 50(12), pp. 1704- 1715, © 2004 INFORMS
`
`1711
`
`Figure 1
`
`Direct Effects of Detailing on the Prescribing Behavior ot Physicians
`
`Drug A
`0.20-.----------------------------~
`
`~~ 0.15
`§2
`c: .g. 0.10
`Q) <.>
`~{/)
`-Q)
`c: ~ 005
`c: c: 2o
`
`·- 0.
`Q)
`;::
`OlQ)
`
`(.)
`
`0
`
`0.003
`
`1- 1
`
`1- 2
`
`t-3
`
`1-4
`
`t-5
`
`t-6
`
`Drug B
`
`Drug C
`
`-o.os
`
`0.08
`
`(j;{/)
`J:Jc: 0.06
`Eo
`:::>-
`c9-
`Q) t; 0.04
`5~
`c ~
`-
`0. 0.02
`Q)
`;::
`Ol"'
`c: c
`~0 0
`(.)
`
`-o.02
`
`0.05
`~ ~ 0.04 4---------------------------1
`E Q
`~.g. 0.03+-~=--------l-""'::"-.--+----+--------------1
`~ ~ 0.02 +--rt':'l------lt".:.l: 1------'Yi
`Eo.
`2l, ~ O.Q1
`c c 2-(.)0
`
`-Q.Q1 _L_-----,_...,.,---,--2----,_-3 ___ /_-4- - - -,_-5 ___ /_-6 _ _;
`Note. Coefficient estimates from Equation (2). Numbers represent the additional number of new prescriptions a physician Will issue in a given month following
`a one PSR visit increase in promotional effort occurring in the current month. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
`
`estimated effects for months 0 through 6 are 0.054,
`0.033, 0.026, 0.023, 0.014, 0.002, and - 0.001. These sum
`to a cumulative direct effect of 0.151 (std . = 0.029).
`Once we consider the persistence in the prescrib(cid:173)
`ing process, the total effect of one detailing visit for
`Drug B is estimated at 0.32, with a 95% confidence
`interval of [0.219; 0.428]. In other words, on average
`it takes an additional 3.11 PSR visits to generate an
`additional new prescription for Drug B.
`For Drug C we again observe similar results in that
`the estimated effect of a PSR visit is statistically sig(cid:173)
`nificant, but small in magnitude. The estimated effects
`for months 0 through 6 are 0.021, 0.028, 0.024, 0.021,
`0.012, 0.011, and 0.010, respectively. All estimates are
`statistically different from zero. The estimated cumu(cid:173)
`lative direct effect of 0.129 (std.= 0.024) is the small(cid:173)
`est of the three drugs studied. Furthermore, because
`Drug C prescriptions exhibit the lowest persistence,
`the total effect of one detailing visit for Drug C is also
`
`the smallest at 0.153, with a 95% confidence interval of
`[0.105; 0.201]. On average, it would take an additional
`6.54 PSR visits to induce one additional new prescrip(cid:173)
`tion of Drug C.
`
`Sampling. We also observe statistically significant
`but small effects for sampling. Sampling for Drug A
`has a positive and statistically significant contempo(cid:173)
`raneous effect (0.018), but statistically insignificant
`effects for months 1 through 6 (0.002, 0.006, 0.006,
`0.004, 0.007, and - 0.003, respectively). The estimated
`cumulative direct effect across the six months is 0.041
`(std. = 0.02). The total (direct and indirect) effect of
`one free sample of Drug A is 0.155 with a 95% con(cid:173)
`fidence interval of [0.032; 0.310]. As such, on average
`an additional 6.44 samples are needed to induce one
`additional new prescription of Drug A.
`We see a smaller response for sampling for Drug B
`than for Drug A. A change in sampling has statistically
`
`This content downloaded from 208.85.77.1 on Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:37:52 PM
`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
`
`PAGE9 OF 13
`
`

`
`1712
`
`Mizik and jacobson: Quantifying the Effects of Detailhrg and Sampling on New Prescriptions
`Management Science 50(12), pp. 1704-1715, © 2004 INFORMS
`
`Figure 2
`
`Direct Effects of Sampling on the Prescribing Behavior of Physicians
`
`Drug A
`0.03 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
`
`0.02
`
`0
`
`Q;U>
`.Oc
`E .Q
`:::>-
`c.~ O.Q1
`J::.U> -.,
`c ~
`·- a.
`Q) ?;
`Cf)Q)
`~;: -0.01
`
`Q) 0
`
`()0
`
`-0.02
`
`0.008
`
`~~ 0.006
`EQ
`:::>-
`c .g. 0.004
`~li!
`c ~
`-
`Q)
`-a. 0.002
`Q) ~
`CflQ)
`c c
`~0 0
`()
`
`-0.002
`
`1-1
`
`1-2
`
`1-3
`
`1-4
`
`t- 5
`
`1-6
`
`Drug B
`
`1-1
`
`1-2
`
`1- 3
`
`1-4
`
`t - 5
`
`1-6
`
`Drug C
`
`0.010
`
`0.008
`
`(j; U>
`.Oc
`
`~f 0.006
`<llO 0.004
`=~ c~ 0.002
`·- a.
`!!::
`Q)
`Cf)Q)
`~ ~
`l) 0 -0.002
`
`0
`
`-0.004
`
`1-6
`/ - 5
`l-4
`1-3
`1-2
`1-1
`Note. Coefficient estimates from Equation (2). Numbers represent the additional number of new prescriptions a physician will issue in a given month following
`a one free drug sample increase in promotional effort occurring in the current month. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
`
`significant positive, albeit declining, effects for each
`month (0.006, 0.003, 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, and
`0.001 for months 0 through 6, respectively). The esti(cid:173)
`mated cumulative direct effect across the six months
`is 0.019 (std.= 0.004). The total effect of one free sam(cid:173)
`ple of Drug B is 0.039 with a 95% confidence interval
`of [0.025; 0.054]. It would take 25.39 additional sam(cid:173)
`ples to generate one additional new prescription for
`Drug B.
`The estimated response to sampling is smallest for
`Drug C. The estimated effects are 0.007, 0.003, 0.001,
`0.0005, - 0.0003, 0.00001, and 0.0001, with only the
`contemporaneous and one-month lag effects being
`statistically significant. The estimated cumulative
`direct effect is 0.012 (std.= 0.005). Because the persis(cid:173)
`tence level is very low for Drug C, the total effect of
`one free drug sample is only slightly higher at 0.014,
`with a 95% confidence interval of [0.0042; 0.0232].
`
`This means that it takes 73.04 additional samples of
`Drug C to generate one new prescription.
`
`Competitive Prescriptions. As expected, consistent
`with brand switching we observe negative effects
`for lagged competitive prescriptions. The inclusion of
`these competitive effects in the model is important,
`not only in helping explain new prescriptions, but
`also in allowing us to isolate the persistence in physi(cid:173)
`cian behaviors. That is, because competitive prescrip(cid:173)
`tions are correlated with own prescriptions, failure to
`model these competitive effects would result in biased
`estimates of the autocorrelation coefficients and, as
`a result, biased estimates of total detailing and sam(cid:173)
`pling effects.
`As discussed earlier, the instrumental variable for
`the contemporaneous competitive prescriptions cap(cid:173)
`tures two distinct phenomena with two distinct
`
`This content downloaded from 208.85.77.1 on Tue, 20 Jan 2015 13:37:52 PM
`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
`
`PAGE 10 OF 13
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`All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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`PAGE 12 OF 13
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