The Concise
`Oxford English
`Dictionary
`
`TENTH EDITION~ REVISED
`
`Edited by
`
`Judy Pearsall
`
`OXFORD
`
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`
`Akermin, Inc.
`Exhibit 1010
`Page 1
`
`

`

`OXFORD
`
`~JNIVBKSITY PKESS
`
`Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6Dr
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`Published in the United States
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`© Oxford University Press 1934,1951,1964,1976,1982, ~99o, ~995,1999, 2oo~, 2002
`
`Database right Oxford University Press (makers)
`
`First edition ~gn
`Second edition (revised) ~929
`Third edition (with addenda) 1934
`Fourth edition 1951
`Fifth edition 1964
`Sixth edition 1976
`Seventh edition ~982
`Eighth edition 199o
`Ninth edition 1995
`Tenth edition 1999
`Tenth (with addenda) edition 2ool
`Tenth (with addenda) edition reissued with new title and jacket 2002
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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`without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,
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`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`
`Data avai!able
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`
`Data available
`
`1SBN 0-19-860572-2
`ISBN 0-19-860636-2 (thumbindex)
`ISBN 0-19-860470-X (dictionarywithCD-ROM)
`
`10987654321
`
`Typeset in Arial, Nimrod, and Minion
`by Interactive Sciences Ltd, Gloucester
`Printed in Great Britain by
`Clays Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk
`
`Akermin, Inc.
`Exhibit 1010
`Page 2
`
`

`

`, or copper wire.
`
`from Ft.
`’thread’ +
`
`filing cabinet I filter
`
`- ORzG~N C20: from Ft. filasse ’tow’.
`filly ¯ n. (pL -ies) I a young female horse, especially one
`less than four years old. 2 humorous a lively girl or young
`woman.
`- OR~G~N ME: from ONfylja, of Gmc origin; tel. to FO~-.
`film ¯ .. 1 a thin flexible strip of plastic or other mate.rial
`coated with light-sensitive emulsion for expos~e m a
`camera. 2 material in the form of a very thin flexible
`sheet. ~ a thin layer covering a surface. 3 a story or event
`recorded by a camera as a series of moving images and
`
`sho~ [n a c~nema or on television. @ v. t make a ~m
`record on film. 2 become or appear to become covered
`
`w~th a thin film.
`- o~m~N OE filmen ’membrane’, of W. Gmc origin; ral. to
`
`film badge ¯ .. a device containing photographic film
`which registers the wearer’s expos~e to radiation.
`filmic ¯ adj. of or relating to ~s or cinematography.
`film noir /film ’nwa:, FrenCh film away/ ¯ a. a style or
`genre of cinematographic film marked by a mood of pes-
`simism, fatalism, and menace.
`- omG~ ~r., fit ’black film’.
`filmography ¯ a. (pL -lee) a list of films by one d~ec~or
`or actor, or on one subject.
`-- ORIG1N 1960s: fro~ FILM + -GRAPHY, on the pattern of
`
`bibliography.
`filmsettin~ ¯ a. Printing the setting of materiA to be
`printed by projecting it on to photo~aphic film from
`which fl~e printing surface is prepped.
`-- DERIVATIVE8 filmset v. filmsetter n.
`film star ¯ n. a we~-known ~m actor or acWess.
`filmstrip ¯ a. a ser~es of ~ansparencies in a strip for
`projection.
`filmy ¯ adj. ~-ier, -lest) ~ (espec~Y of fabric) th~ ~d
`translucent- 2 covered with or as wi~ a ~in ~m.
`_ DERIVATIVES filmily adv. filminess ~.
`filo /’fi:lau/ (also phyfio) ¯ n. a kind of flaky pastry
`stretched into very thin sheets, used especially in east-
`ern Mediterr~ean cookery.
`- om~Gzs 1950s: from nod. Gk phullo ’le~’.
`Filofax /,faflo(u)faks/ ¯ n. trademark a loos~le~ notebook
`for recording appointments, addresses, and notes.
`- O~IO~N 19~0s: representing a co~Oq, pronunc, of file of
`
`f.[acts. ~:---, fhzla(o)’paodlam/ @ ~" (pL filopod,a) B=0109y a
`long, slender, tapering pseudopod~.
`
`- O~I6~N C20: ~om L.filium ’thread’ +
`filoselle ],ffla(u)s~l/ ¯ ,. floss s~{, or s~ ~ead resem-
`bling ~is, ~ed ~ embroidery.
`[O~N C16" from Ft. from ItS.
`group which causes severe haemorrhagiC fevers.
`" of Iraq, Ba~a~,
`file~ lifts/¯ ~. (~. s~e) a moneta~ unit
`Jord~, Kuwait, and Yemen, equ~ to one hun~ed~ of a
`riy~ ~n Yemen and one thous~dth of a dinar else-
`where¯
`- Oam~N from a co~oq, pron~c, of ~ab. fah, denoting a
`snarl copper coin.
`file¯ /fks, ~ench fis] ¯ ,. used ~ter a s~n~e to
`t~ish a son from a fa~er of the same name.
`
`filter ¯ ,. ~ a porous de~[ce for remov~g imp~ities or
`solid p~ticles from a liquid or gas passed ~ough it. ~ a
`screen, plate, or layer which absorbs some of the light
`passing through it. ~ a device for suppress~g elecWiC~
`or sound waves of frequencies not required. 2 Brit. an ar-
`rangement whereby vehicles may [~n left (or right)
`er traffic waiting to go stratght ahead or
`while o~ ......... ~ b- a red light. 3 Computin~ a
`right (or ~
`~--’; e = by removing
`of software that processes ~w~, .~.
`wanted spaces. ¯ ~. t pass through a ~ter. 2 (often
`inlouUthrouSh) move gradually through something or
`tn a specked d~ection, ~ (of ~ormation) gradu~Y
`
`yes filterable (also filtrable)
`. .
`.
`z ltre f~m
`- DERIVAT[
`O~N ME (denotmg a p~ece of felt), from F ¯ fi ,
`meal, L.filtrum ’felt used as a ~ter’, of~ Gmc origin and
`
`~ ~a near ~ o~ boy ~ U~ ~oor ~ ~ fire ~ au8 sour
`
`-ev. 1
`ument~
`cord.,:~.
`ews or-
`
`bread’,
`
`~ther. ~
`of the
`un~ing
`
`.ooth or
`
`issafras
`pecially
`
`al spine
`~I sees.
`
`t),
`used h%
`: filet de
`
`piece of
`
`son or
`
`is, from
`
`hild of a
`which a
`:ived or
`
`’.atio(n-),
`
`~ kilt.
`c~.t’.
`or other
`ssembly
`proced-
`:ed war-
`staring]
`
`’ [tes who
`.nced by
`, incited
`rijbuiter
`
`aughten
`
`amental
`run
`
`Akermin, Inc.
`Exhibit 1010
`Page 3
`
`

`

`filter bed I fine
`
`530
`
`531
`
`r~l. to FELT1.
`filter bed ¯ n. a tank or pond containing a layer of sand
`or gravel, used for filtering large quantities of liquid.
`filter-feeding ¯ adj. Zoology (of an aquatic animal) feed-
`iag by filtering out plankton or nutrients suspended in
`the water.
`- DERIVATIVES filter-feeder n.
`filter press ¯ n. a device consisting of a series of cloth
`filters fixed to frames, used for the large-scale filtration of
`liquid under pressure.
`filter tip ¯ a. a filter attached to a cigarette for removing
`impurities from the inhaled smoke.
`- DEE/VATIVES filter-tipped adj.
`filth ¯ a. 1 disgusting dirt. ¯ obscene and offensive lan-
`guage or printed material. ¯ corrupt behaviour. 2 [as pl.
`the filth] Brit. informal, derogatory the police.
`- ORIGIN OE ]-~lth ’rotting matter’, also ’corruption, ob-
`scenity’, of Gmc origin; tel. to FOUL.
`filthy ¯ adj. (-ier, -lest) disgustingly dirty. ¯ obscene and
`offensive. ¯ Brit. informal (of weather) very unpleasant, ¯
`formal (of a mood) very disagreeable. ¯ adv. informal ex-
`tremely: filthy rich.
`- nERaVATIVES filthily adv. filthiness n.
`filtrable ¯ adj. variant spelling of FILTeRaBLE.
`filtrate/’filtrezt/¯ ,. a liquid which has passed through a
`filter. ¯ v. rare filter.
`- DEEIVATIVES filtration n.
`- ORIGIN ¢17: from meal. L.filtrat-,filtrare ’filter’.
`fimbria /’fimbrie] ¯ n. (pl. fimbriae /-il:/) chiefly Anatomy a
`series of threads resembling a fringe. ¯ a thread in such
`a structure, especially a finger-like projection at the end
`of a Fallopian tube.
`- DEEIVATIVES fimbrial adj.
`- ORIGIN C18 (earlier (C15) as fimbriated): from late L.,
`’border, fringe’.
`fimhriated /’fImbriemd/(also fimhriate) ¯ adj. I Biology
`having a fringe of fimhriae. 2 Heraldry having a narrow
`border.
`fin ¯ n. I a flattened appendage on the body of a fish or
`other aquatic animal, used for propelling, steering, and
`balancing. ~- an underwater swimmer’s flipper. 2 a small
`flattened projecting surface or attachment on an aircraft,
`rocket, or motor car, for providing aerodynamic stability.
`3 a flattened projection for increasing heat transfer from
`an object, ev. (finned, finning) swim cedar water by
`means of flippers.
`- DERIVATIVES finless adj. -finned adj.
`- ORIGIN OEfinn,fin, of Gmc origin.
`finagle ]fi’neig(a)l] ev. informal obtain or act dishonestly
`or deviously.
`- DERIVATIVES finagler n.
`- ORIGIN 1920S (orig. US): from diaLfainaigue ’cheat’.
`final ¯adj. I coming at the end of a series. ¯reached as
`the outcome of a process: the final cost will run into six
`figures. 2 allowing no further doubt or dispute. ¯ n. I the
`last game in a sports tournament or other competition,
`which wlli decide the overall winner. ~-(finals) a series
`of games constituting the final stage of a competition.
`(finals) Brit. a series of examinations at the end of a de-
`gree course. ¯ (final) N. Amer. an examination at the end of
`a term, school year, or particular class. 3 Music the princi-
`pal note in a mode.
`- nERIVATIVES finality n. finally adv.
`- 0mGIN ME: from 0Fr., or from L. finalis, from fin~s
`’end’.
`final cause ¯ n. Philosophy the purpose of an action or the
`end towards which a thing naturally develops.
`final clause ¯ ,. Grammar a clause expressing purpose or
`intention (e.g. one introduced by in order that).
`final drive ¯ a. the last part of the transmission system
`in a motor vehicle.
`finale /fi’nu:li, -le~/ ¯ n. the last part of a piece of music,
`an entertainment, or a public event.
`- ORIGIN C18: from Ital.
`finalism ¯ ,. the doctrine that natural processes, for ex-
`ample evolution, are directed towards some goal.
`- nERIVATIVES finalistic adj.
`finalist s n. 1 a participant in the final or finals of a corn-
`
`petition. 2 a student taking finals.
`finalize (also -ise) ¯v. I complete (a transaction) after
`discussion of the terms. 2 produce or agree on a finished
`version of.
`- DERIVATIVES finalization n.
`final solution ¯ n. the Nazi policy (1941-5) of extermin-
`ating European Jews.
`- OEmIN translation of Ger. Endldsung.
`finance /fAfnans, fi-, ’fAinans/ ¯ n. the management of
`large amounts of money, especially by governments or
`large companies. >-monetary support ibr an enterprise.
`~-(finances) the monetary resources and affairs of a
`state, organization, or person. ¯ v. provide funding for.
`- ORIGIN ME (orig. in the sense ’payment of a debt, ran-
`som, etc.’): from OFr., from finer ’settle a debt’, fromfin
`(see
`finance company (also finance house) ¯ n. a com-
`pany concerned primarily with providing money, e.g. for
`hire-purchase transactions.
`financial /fAfnanl(e)l, fl-/ ¯ adj. 1 of or relating to fi-
`nance. 2 AostraUNZ i,[0rmal possessing money.
`
`financial year ¯ e. Brit. a year as reckoned for taxing or
`accounting purposes (e.g. the British tax year, reckoned
`from 6 April).
`financier/fAi’nansls, fi-/ ¯ a. a person engaged in man-
`aging the finances of governments or other large organ-
`izations.
`- ORIGIN 017: from FR, from finance (see RNANCE).
`tieback ¯ e. another term for ms WS~LS.
`fin=a/’flDke] ¯ m (in Spanish-speaking countries) a coun-
`try estate or ranch.
`finch e a. a seed-eating songbird of a large group includ.
`ing the chaffinch, goldfinch, linnet, etc., typically with a
`stout bill and colourful plumage. [Many species, espe-
`cially in family Fringillidae.]
`
`find ¯ ~. (pasi and past parL feand) ~ discover by chance or
`deliberately. >(find some~hi.g eat or find out
`somethi.g) discover information or a fact. > succeed in
`obtaining: she also found the time to raise a family. >(of
`hunters or hounds) discover a fox or other game. ¯ (find
`se~eone out) detect someone in a crime or lie. ~ recog-
`nize or discover to be present: vitamin B12 is found in
`dairy products. ¯ discover or perceive to be the case. ¯ as-
`certain by research or calculation. > [s~ (of a court) of-
`ficially declare to be the Ease. ¯ (fi.d agai.st or for)
`(of a court) make a decision against (or in favour of);
`judge to be guilty (or innocent). 3 reach or arrive at bya
`natural or normal process: water finds its own level.
`¯ (find one’s way) reach one’s destination without
`knowing or having been told in advance how to get there.
`¯ e. a discovery of something valuable or interesting,
`
`¯ (of gold or
`lion of pure ]
`(of a thread, :
`particles. ~. c
`tle and ther~
`tinction.
`the wicket a]
`¯ n. (fines) v
`
`Cricket to a
`causing the
`thing down
`(fine up)
`come bright
`- PHRASES cut
`gin of time.
`success, not
`bluntly, one
`- DERIVATIVES
`- ORIGIN ME:
`
`fine~ /fAin/ ¯
`court of law.
`- DERIVATIVES
`- ORIGIN ME:
`’end’ (in me~
`suit).
`fine~ /fi:n/ ¯
`from distlile~
`fine~ l’fi:nell
`finishes (wh,
`than at the e
`
`fine art on.
`ated primar£
`
`achieve a hi
`perience.
`fine champ;
`Champagne
`more of the
`Champagne.
`
`¯ )’ i
`; : ¯
`
`fine chemic
`for use in re:
`
`,finery~/’faln
`
`typio. y an archaeoiogiEal one. * a person who is f, ound
`
`fines herb¯
`,’ cooking.
`- ORIGIN Ft., 1
`fine-spun ¯
`:texture.
`finesse ~ n
`"handling or
`’: bridge and
`that is not
`delicate ran:
`:’dealing wit}
`. . card) as a
`
`to be useful or interesting.
`- PHRASES all $ouod 8rii. ~aie~ (of an employee’s wageS) with
`board and lodging provided free. fi.d o.e’s feet stand .
`up and become able to walk. ¯ establish oneself in a par-
`ticular field, find it in o.e’s heart to do [uao. ~iih ~.]
`allow or force oneself to do.
`,,,:
`- DERIVATIVES findahie adi.
`- ORIGIN OEfindan, of Omc origin.
`finder ¯ ,. ~ a person that
`a small telescope attached to a large one to locate an:{
`
`:
`
`ject for observation. ¯ a viewfindeE
`-PHRASES finders keepers (losers weepers)’
`whoever finds something is entitled to keep it.
`fin de si~cle/,f~ ds ’sjakl(~)/¯ adj. relating to or
`teristic of the end of a century, especially ....
`tury.
`- 0EIGIN FD, ’end of century’¯ "
`finding ¯ .. 1 a conclusion reached as a result
`quiry, investigation or trial¯ 2 (findings) N.
`articles or tools u’sed in making garmentS, :
`
`jewellery.
`fine~ /fAin/ ¯ adj. ~ of very high qualitY-
`¯ in good health and feeling well.
`sounding impressive but ultimately
`
`CONSONANTS b but ] d dog I f few ] 9 get ] h he
`
`IJ yes Ikcatil~eg]m ms, In"el
`
`Akermin, Inc.
`Exhibit 1010
`Page 4
`
`

`

`popular I porringer
`
`1114
`
`people’.
`popular s adj. I liked or admired by many or by a par-
`ticular person or group. 2 intended for or suited to the
`taste or means of the general public. ¯ (of a belief or atti-
`tude) widely held among the general public. 3 (of polit-
`ical activity) of or carried on by the people as a whole.
`-DERIVATIVES popularism .. popularity .. popularly
`adv.
`- OEmIN ME: from L. popularis, from populus ’people’.
`popular etymology sn. another term for FOLK
`MOLOGY.
`popular front s n. a political party or coalition
`presenting left-wing elements.
`popularize (also -ise) ¯ v. make popular. ¯ make (some-
`thing scientific or academic) accessible or interesting to
`the general public.
`- DEEIVATIVES popularization n. popularizer ,.
`popalar music ¯ .. music appealing to the popular
`taste, incJuding rock, pop, reggae, dance music, etc.
`populate ¯ v. form the population of (a place). ¯ cause
`people to setile in {a place).
`- OEmIN C16: f~om reed. L. popular°, populate ’supply with
`people’.
`population ¯ n. 1 al[ the i~ahitants of a pe~tical~r
`place. ¯ a particular group within this. ¯ the action of
`populating an area. 2 Bi010gy a community of interbreed-
`ing organisms. 3 Statistics a ~Lnite or in,mite collection of
`items under consideration.
`pepuiist s n. I a member or adherent of a political party
`seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people. 2 a
`person who supports or seeks to appeal to the interests of
`ordinary people. ¯ adj. of or relating to a populist.
`- DERIVATIVES populism n. populistlc adj.
`- ORIGIN C19: from L. populus ’people’ + -is’r.
`populous ¯adj. having a large population.
`- DERIVATIVES populously adv. populousness n.
`-OEIOIN ME: from late L. populosus, from populus
`’people’.
`pop-up ¯ adj. t (of a book or greetings card) containing
`folded pictures that rise up to form a three-dimensional
`scene or fig~lre when opened. 2 (of an electric toaster)
`operating so as to push up a piece of toast when it is
`ready. 3 Computing (of a menu or other utility) able to be
`superirapesed on the screen being worked on and sup-
`pressed rapidly. ¯ n. B~set~all see ~,o~,~ (sense 3).
`porbeagle /’po:bi:g(a)l/ ¯ n, a large active shark found
`chiefly in the open seas of the North Atlantic and in the
`Mediterranean. [Latona nasus.]
`- OEmIN C18: from Cornish dial., perh. from Cornishporth
`’harbour’ + bugel ’shepherd’.
`porcelain /’po:s(o)lm/ ~= ~. a white vitrified translucent
`ceramic; china. See also ND, RU-PD, STE, SOFT-PASTE. ¯ art-
`icles made of this.
`- DERIVATIVES porcellenous /po:’s~l~n~s! adj.
`- ORIGIN C16: from Fr. porcel~ine, from Ital. porcelian~
`’cowrie shell’, hence ’chinaware’.
`porcelain clay ¯ n. another term for K~OLm.
`porch ¯ n. t a covered shelter projecting in front of the
`entrance of a building. 2 N. Amer. a veranda.
`- DEEIVATIVRS porched adj, porchless adj.
`- O~IGIN ME: from OFt. perch¯, from L. porticus ’colon-
`naris’, from perta ’passage’.
`porcine /’po:s^in/ ¯ adj. of or resembling a pig or pigs.
`- OEIGIN C17: from Fr. peFc~n or L. peFcinu$, from porc~s
`"pig’.
`porcini /po:’tfi:ni/ ¯ pl. n. chiefly N. Amer. cops.
`- ORIGIN Ital., lit. ’little pigs’.
`porcupine ¯ n. a large rodent with defensive spines or
`quills on the body and tail. [Families Hystricidae (Old
`World) and Erethizontidae (New World).]
`- OEIGIN MI~: from OFt:. poFc esp~n, from Provencal perc
`espi(n% from L. porcus ’pig’ + spin~ ’thorn’.
`porcupine fish ¯ ,. a spiny tropical marine fish which
`inflates itself when threatened. [Diodon hystrix and other
`species.]
`pore~ ¯ n. a minute opening in the skin or other surface
`through which gases, liquids, or microscopic particles
`may pass.
`
`- ORm~N ME: from OFr,, via L. from Gk pores ’passage,
`pore’.
`pore= ¯ v. 1 (pore overlthrough) be absorbed in the read,
`ing or study of. 2 (pore osier¯r) archaic ponder.
`- ORIGIN ME: perh. tel. to PEER’.
`porgy /’po:gi/ ¯ .. (pl, -ies) a se~ bream chiefly fo~d in
`~orth American Atla~ltic coastal waters. [Co!anzu~ ~nd
`other ~enera: ma.y
`
`Porifera /po’~ff(~)~/ ¯ pl. n. Z~10gy a ph~l~ o£
`invertebrates ~at ~m~Tises ~e spo~es.
`
`- o~m~ rood. L, £rem L por~s ’pore’ + -~r ’bearing’.
`pork ¯ n. 1 ~e ~esh o£a pig used as £ood, especi~y When
`u,cu~d. 2 short £o# PORK ~ARREL.
`-- Om~;~ ~: £rom O~. ~, [~m L po~us ’ptg’.
`pork barrel ¯ n. N. Amer. informal the use o£ gove~e.t
`[~s [or projects ~esJ~ed ~o win vo~es.
`
`- o~m[N from ~e use o£ suc~ a bar~] by £arme#s, to
`a reserve suppl~ o£ meal
`porker ¯., 1 a ~ou.g pig #a~ed a.d £atte.ed £or £~d. 2
`~,~rmal, demgat0ry a ~a~ person.
`porkling ¯ n. a you,g o~ sm~ pig.
`pork pie e,. a ~ais~ p~e made wit~ minc~,
`~rk, eate~ cold.
`pork-pie hat ¯ .. a hat with a ~a~ cre~. a.d a b~
`~ned up ~
`pork scratchings ¯ pl. ,. ~rit. crop pisses o£ por~
`
`porky’ ¯ adj. (-ie~ -iest) 1 in~rma~ ~es~ or [a(. Z o~ or
`~mbling po~k. ¯ n. (pl. -ies) (also porky~le) ~L
`slan9 a 1ie.
`porky= e,. (pL 4es~ US Jnf0~mai a
`porn (~ ~rno) inf0rm~; ¯ n. por.og~ph~ ¯ adj. por.o-
`~aph~c.
`pornography ¯ .. p~t~ or vis~l mate~al in~
`to stim~ate sexu~ excitement.
`- D~;VA~[VgS pornographer n. pornographic adj.
`pornog~phically
`- O~m[~ C19; ~m Gk ~r~phos ’wrYing about p~s-
`titutes’.
`porous ¯ adj. (of a rock or o~er ~ter~) hav~g m~ute
`inte~ttces through w~Jch liquid or air may
`- D~IVA~ZVgS porosity n. porousness n.
`
`porphyria /po:Tt~;a/ ~ .. Medicine a ~are ~e~di~ dls-
`
`t~b~ce, exams se~tttvtty to light, a.d exc~tio~ o£
`dark pt~e.~ in the ~ine.
`
`porphydn/’po~[rm/¯ n. ~i0chemistry a pi~ent (e.g. ~em
`
`[out linked ~ctero~c]Jc grou~s.
`- o~mtN C20: from ~k ~rph~r~ ’p~ple~ + -m~.
`porphyritic /,poff~’~mk/ ¯ adj. Ge01~y ~l~t~ ~o o~ ~
`not~g a rock text~ confining distinct c~s~ or ~s-
`ta~ine particles embedded in a compact groundmass.
`po¢phyry/’po:f~ri/¯ n. (pL -ie=) a hard igneous rock con-
`~ining crys~ls of felspar in a fine-grained, ~pi~Y
`reddish greundmass.
`-oRm[s ME: via reed. L. from Gk ~rphurit~, f~m
`~rphura ’purple’.
`@o~@o~/’po:pss, -po=s] $~. a sm~] toothed wh~e with
`a low trtan~lar dorsal fin and a blunt round~ snout.
`[Phomena p~oena (ha~ou¢ porpoise) and other
`cies, family Phocoenidae,]
`- ORIG[N ME: from OFr. ~rpo~, based on L. po~us ’p~’ +
`p~c~ ’fish’.
`~o¢¢idge ~ n. 1 a dish consisting of oa~eal or another
`cereal boil~ w~th water or milk. 2 8tit. ~forma] fime s~nt
`in prison.
`
`ORm~S C~6 (denoting soup thickened with ~rley): alt. of
`
`porringer /’pD~m(d)3a/ ¯ n. hist0ri~al ~ sm~ bowl o~e~
`with ~ ha.~e, u~ed [or soup or sJmflar dishes.
`
`CONSONANTS b but l d dog [ f few I g get [ h he
`
`I J yes ] k cat I 1 leg I m man I n no ] p pen I r red
`
`Akermin, Inc.
`Exhibit 1010
`Page 5
`
`

`

`144~.
`
`I
`
`1443
`
`surrender value I suspension bridge
`
`al Indo-Paci~c.
`
`an to all mum-
`line. 2 archaic a
`bet added to a
`
`~-Norman Ft.
`
`adj. surpass-
`istanding.
`Ily adv.
`rove’ + passer
`
`;stment WOrn
`at Christian
`
`n med. L.
`da ’fur gar.
`
`,. superplus,
`
`ory) the ex-
`.~rs over the
`
`~t or shock
`.=cted or as-
`; a complex
`1 cause to
`:ldenly and
`
`attack or
`Y. >(take
`to some-
`
`urprising
`
`attack’):
`med. L.
`
`~lism; bi-
`
`’ement in
`creative
`ie by the
`
`ad). sur-
`
`~sm).
`br sun-
`
`Ps reply
`
`~intiff’s
`
`mt and
`ight, or
`a lease)
`self en-
`person
`~e back
`tion of
`
`court
`
`surrender value ¯ n. the amount payable to a person
`who surrenders a life insurance policy.
`surreptitious /,s^rep’ti~’as/ e adj. covert or clandes-
`tine.
`_ DERIVATIVES surreptitiously adv. surreptitiousness ft.
`- ORIGIN ME (in the sense ’obtained by suppression of the
`truth’): from L. surrept~tius (from surripere, from sub. ’se-
`crotly’ + rapere ’seize’) + -ous.
`surrey ¯ n. (pL -eye) historical (in the US) a light four-
`wheeled carriage with two seats facing forwards.
`- ORIGIN C19: orig. denoting a Surrey cart, first made in
`Surrey, Englaud.
`surrogate /’saragat] ¯ n. a substitute, especially a per-
`son deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
`>(in the Christian Church) a bishop’s deputy who
`grants marriage licences. > (in the US) a judge in charge
`of probate, inheritance, and guardianship.
`- DERIVATIVES surroga~ n.
`- ORIGIN C17: from L. surrogatus, surrogare ’elect as a
`substitute’.
`surrogate mother ¯ n. a woman who bears a child on
`behalf of another woman, either from her own egg or
`from the implantation in her womb of a fertilized egg
`from the other woman.
`equirements
`- ORIGIN C17: from late L. susceptibilis, from L. suscipere
`surround sv. I be all round; encircle. 2 be associated
`sets over ex-
`’take up, sustain’.
`with: the killings were surrounded by controversy. ¯ e. I a
`¯ , the excess
`border or edging. 2 (surrounds) surroundings.
`susceptive ¯ adj. archaic susceptible.
`value of its
`- OEIGIN ME (in the sense ’overflow’): from OFr. souronder,
`sushi /’su:~’i, ’su~il s n. a Japanese dish consisting of
`from late L. superundare, from super- ’over’ + undare ’to
`small balls or rolls of vinegar-flavoured cold rice served
`flow’; later assoc, with nOUNO.
`with a garnish of vegetables, egg, or raw seafood.
`surroundings spl. n. the conditions or area around a
`person or thing.
`surtax ¯ n. an additional tax on something already taxed,
`especially a higher rate of tax on incomes above a certain
`level.
`surtitle ¯ ~. a caption projected on a screen above the
`stage in an opera, translating the text being sung. ¯ v.
`provide with surtifles.
`surtout/’s~:tu:, sa:’tu:(t)/¯ n. hist0ricai a man’s greatcoat of
`a similar style to a frock coat.
`- ORIGIN C17: from Ft., from sur ’over’ + tout ’everything’.
`surveillance /s~’veil(a)ns, -’vei~us/ ¯ n. close observa-
`tion, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.
`- ORIGZN C19: from Ft., from sur- ’over’ + veiller ’watch’.
`survey ev./s~’vel/I look carefully and thoroughly at. 2
`examine and record the area and features of (an area of
`land) so as to construct a map, plan, or description. 3 8dr.
`examine and report on the condition of(a building), espe-
`cially for a prospective buyer. 4 conduct a survey among
`(a group of people). ¯ ~. ]’so:veil 1 a general view, exam-
`ination, ~r description, ran investigation of the opin-
`ions or experience of a group of people, based on a series
`of questions. 2 an act of surveying. 3 a map, plan, or
`report obtained by surveying.
`- ORIGIN ME: from Anglo-Norman Fr. surveier, from med.
`L. supervidere, from super- ’over’ + videre ’to see’.
`surveyor on. I a person who surveys land, buildings,
`etc. as a profession. 2 8~L an official inspector, especially
`for measurement and valuation purposes.
`- DERIVATIVES surveyorship ft.
`Surviv~,I ¯ n. ~ the state or fact of surviving. 2 an object
`or practice that has survived from an earlier time.
`- PSEASES survival o~ the fittest 8i010~y the continued ex-
`istence of the organisms best adapted to their environ-
`ment; natural selection.
`survivalism ¯ ~. I the policy of trying to ensure one’s
`own survival or that of one’s social or national group. 2
`the practising of outdoor survival skills as a sport or
`hobby.
`- DERIVATIVES Su¢vivsiist n. & adj.
`survival kit ¯ e. a pack of emergency equipment, includ-
`ing food, medical supplies, and tools, especially as car-
`ried by members of the armed forces.
`survive ¯ v. continue to live or exist. > continue to live or
`exist in spite of (an accident or ordeal). > remain alive
`after the death of.
`- DERIVATIVES survivable adi.
`-OmGZS ME: from OFt. sourvivre, from L. supervivere,
`
`from super- ’in addition’ + vivere ’live’.
`survivor ¯ n. 1 a person who has survived. 2 Law a joint
`tenant who has the right to the whole estate on the
`other’s death.
`- DERIVATIVES survivorship ft.
`SUS. s abbrev. (in biblical references) Susanna (Apoc-
`rypha).
`sus/s^s/Brit, informal s n. 1 suspicion of having committed a
`crime. > [as modifier] historicat relating to or denoting a law
`under which a person couJd be arrested on suspicion of
`having committed an offence. 2 variant spelling of sues
`(in sense 1). ¯ adj. variant spelling of suss.
`sus- a prefix variant spelling of sum before c, p, t (as in
`susceptible, suspend).
`susceptibility s n. (pl. -ies) 1 the state or fact of being
`susceptible. 2 (susceptibilities) a person’s feelings, re-
`garded as being easily hurt. 3 ~bysics the ratio of the mag-
`netization produced in a material to the magnetizing
`force.
`susceptible /sa’s~ptIb(a)l/ s adj. 1 (often susceptible
`to) likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular
`thing. >easily influenced by feelings or emotions. 2
`(susceptible of) capable or admitting of.
`
`suspect ¯ v./se’spekt/1 believe (something) to be prob-
`able or possible. >believe (someone) to be guilty of a
`crime or offence, without certain proof. 2 doubt the genu-
`ineness or truth of. s e./’s^sp~kt/a person suspected of a
`crime or offence. ¯ adj. /’s^spekt/possibly dangerous or
`false.
`- ORIGIN ME: from L. suspectus, suspicere ’mistrust’, from
`sub. ’from below’ + specere ’to look’.
`suspend ev. 1 halt temporarily. 2 debar temporargy
`from a post, duties, etc., as a punishment. 3 defer or
`delay (an action, event, or judgement). > Law (of a judge or
`court) cause (an imposed sentence) to be unenforced as
`long as no further offence is committed within a speci-
`fied period. 4 hang from somewhere. 5 (be suspended)
`be dispersed in a suspension.
`-- PHRASES suspeltd paymeflt (of a company) cease to
`meet its financial obligations as a rasuk of insolvency or
`insufficient funds.
`- ORIGIN ME: from OFt. suspendre or L. suspendere, from
`sub- ’from below’ + pendere ’hang’.
`suspended animation en. temporary cessation of
`most vital functions, without death.
`suspended ceiling s n. a ceiling with a space between
`it and the floor above from which it hangs.
`suspender ¯ n. 1 8~t. an elastic strap attached to a belt
`or garter, fastened to the top of a stocking to hold it up. 2
`(suspenders) N. Arcer. a pair of braces for holding up
`
`suspender belt s n. SSt. a woman’s undergarment con-
`sisting of a decorative belt and suspenders.
`suspense s n. 1 a state or feeling of excited or anxious
`uncertainty about what may happen, 2 c~iefly taw the tem-
`porary cessation or suspension of something.
`
`- ORIGIN ME: from 0Fr. suspens ’abeyance’, based on L.
`suspensus, suspenders (see SUSPEND).
`
`entered temporarily before allocation to the correct or
`final account.
`suspension @ ~. 1 the action of suspending or the con-
`dition of being suspended. ~ the system of springs and
`shock absorbers by which a vehicle is supported on its
`wheels. "~ a mixture in which particles are dispersed
`throughout the buJk of a fluid. 4 M~sic a discord made by
`prolonging a note of a chord into the following chord.
`suspension bridge s n. a bridge in which the deck is
`suspended from cables running between towers.
`
`r red
`
`s sit I t top I v voice I w we ] z zoo I J" she I 3 decision 0 thin I (5 this I 13 ring I x Ioch I t J" chip I d3 jar
`
`Akermin, Inc.
`Exhibit 1010
`Page 6
`
`