Rim” ‘°'
`"9'
`
`THE ULTIMATE COMPUTER REFERENCE
`
`I
`
`a
`
`MIC rosolt'
`windows'NT‘
`WlfldOWS 98
`
`'
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`' Detailed illustrations and diagrams for easy reference
`
`©C
`
`D-ROM
`Included
`
`puter
`D 'ctlonary
`
`- Three new appendixes, including Y2K, file
`extensions, and Internet domains
`
`- Searchable text on CD-ROM
`
`- Extensive coverage of hardware, software, the
`Internet, and more!
`
`Pet1t10ner App 6 Inc. - Ex 11t 1019, p. 1
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 1
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`Division
`
`of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond Washington
`
`98052-6399
`
`Copyright
`
`1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All
`
`rights reserved No part of the contents
`
`of this book may be reproduced
`the written permission of the publisher
`
`or by any means without
`
`or transmitted
`
`in any form
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
`-- 4th ed
`
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary
`cm
`Previous eds published under title Microsoft Press computer
`
`Data
`
`dictionary
`
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`
`Dictionaries
`
`Computers
`Microsoft Press computer
`1999
`QA76.15.M538
`
`004.03--dc2l
`
`Microcomputers
`
`Dictionaries
`
`dictionary
`
`99-20168
`
`CIP
`
`Printed
`
`and bound
`
`in the United States of America
`23456789 MLML
`432109
`
`Distributed
`
`in Canada
`
`by Penguin Books Canada
`
`Limited
`
`CIP catalogue
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`record for this book
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`is available
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`
`Microsoft Press books
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`are available
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`through booksellers
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`and distributors worldwide
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`For further
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`International
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`directly
`
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`contact
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`at fax 425 936-7329 Visit our Web site at msnress.microsoft.com
`
`Power Macintosh QuickTime and TrueType
`are registered
`Macintosh
`Inc Kodak is
`Kodak Company
`
`fonts
`
`trademarks of Apple Computer
`
`is
`
`registered
`
`trademark
`
`and Indeo
`
`Intel
`
`registered
`
`trademark of the Eastman
`
`is
`
`Authenticode
`
`BackOffice
`
`registered
`names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective
`
`countries
`
`company
`
`owners
`
`The example companies
`
`organizations products
`
`people
`
`and events
`
`depicted
`
`herein
`
`are fictitious No associa
`
`tion with any real company
`
`organization product
`
`person or event
`
`is intended or should be inferred
`
`Acquisitions Editor
`Christey
`Kim Fryer
`
`Project Editor
`
`Balm
`
`trademark of Intel Corporation Active Desktop
`Active Directory ActiveMovie
`Active Platform ActiveX
`Directlnput DirectX Microsoft Microsoft Press MS-DOS MSN NetMeeting
`WebTV WebTV Network Win32 Win32s Windows
`Visual
`NetShow Visual Basic Visual
`Windows NT and XENIX are either
`trademarks
`or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other
`
`registered
`PANTONE
`
`is
`
`trademark of Pantone
`
`Inc Other product
`
`and
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 2
`
`

`

`Apple Events
`
`application
`
`Apple Events
`
`feature
`
`added
`
`to Mac OS System
`command
`to send
`that enables one application
`such as save or open to another application See also
`Mac OS
`
`AppleScript
`language developed by Apple
`script
`Computer Inc for Macintosh
`computers
`the Mac OS to execute commands
`under
`
`running
`and auto
`
`mate functions See also script
`
`Apple Extended Keyboard
`105-key keyboard
`that works with the Macintosh SE Macintosh
`This keyboard marks Apples
`Apple IIGS computers
`keys whose absence
`of function
`
`first
`
`inclusion
`
`II and
`
`of the Macintosh
`as
`long cited
`was
`shortcoming
`compared with IBM PCs and compatibles
`and the addi
`ture along with other
`changes
`layout
`tion of new keys and lights makes the Apple
`quite similar in form to the IBM
`
`Extended Keyboard
`
`This fea
`
`enhanced
`
`keyboard
`
`See the illustration See also
`
`enhanced
`
`keyboard
`
`The second
`introduced by the
`Apple II
`computer
`Apple Computer Corporation in April 1977 The
`4K dynamic RAM expandable
`featured
`to
`Apple II
`48K with 16K chips and used the 6502 micropro
`cessor The Apple II was the first computer
`TV video adapter as an optional
`alternative to
`computer monitor
`slots See also 6502
`
`to offer
`
`color
`
`It also featured
`
`sound
`
`and eight
`
`expansion
`
`software developed by
`AppleShare
`file server
`Apple Computer Inc that works with the Mac OS
`and allows one Macintosh
`
`to share
`
`files
`
`computer
`with another on the same network
`server Mac OS
`
`See also
`
`file
`
`applet
`
`\aplt\
`
`over
`
`the Internet
`
`program that can be downloaded
`and executed on the recipients ma
`chine Applets are often written
`in the Java program
`ming language and run within browser software and
`
`or add interac
`
`used to customize
`they are typically
`tive elements to Web page
`local area network de
`An inexpensive
`AppleTalk
`veloped by Apple Computer Inc for Macintosh
`that can be used by Apple and non-Apple
`
`computers
`
`to communicate
`
`and share
`
`resources such
`
`computers
`as printers and file servers Non-Apple computers
`hardware
`and suit
`must be equipped with AppleTalk
`able software The network uses
`
`layered set of pro
`similar to the ISO/OSI reference model and
`
`tocols
`
`transfers
`
`information in the form of packets called
`
`frames AppleTalk
`
`networks
`
`AppleTalk
`bridges and it supports
`networks
`through devices called
`
`connections
`
`to other
`
`supports
`through devices known as
`
`connections
`
`to dissimilar
`
`gateways
`
`See also
`
`labeled with
`Apple key
`key on Apple keyboards
`an outline of the Apple logo On the Apple Extended
`Keyboard this key is the same as the Command key
`similarly to the Control key on IBM
`which functions
`used in
`
`It
`
`is generally
`
`and compatible
`keyboards
`conjunction with
`making menu selections
`
`character
`
`key as
`or starting macro
`
`shortcut
`
`Apple Macintosh
`
`See Macintosh
`
`Apple Newton
`
`See Newton
`
`EJ
`
`to
`
`bridge frame definition
`
`gateway
`
`application
`
`performance
`
`of
`
`ing accounting
`
`program designed to assist
`specific task such as word process
`or inventory management
`Compare
`
`in the
`
`utility
`
`vNMl.ej
`
`1iLJ
`
`Apple Extended Keyboard
`
`26
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 3
`
`

`

`bandwidth
`
`bar code
`
`bandwidth
`
`The difference
`
`between
`
`between
`
`In telecommunications
`
`the highest
`and lowest frequencies that an analog communica
`in Hertz Hz or
`tions system can pass as measured
`cycles per second For example
`telephone accom
`of 3000 Hz the difference
`modates
`bandwidth
`the lowest 300 Hz and highest 3300 Hz
`The data transfer capacity
`frequencies it can carry
`or speed of transmission of
`digital communications
`in bits per second bps
`system as measured
`bandwidth on demand
`
`the
`
`as
`
`capability of increasing throughput
`
`required by the channel
`bandwidth channel definition
`
`in increments
`to be serviced See also
`
`throughput
`
`bank
`
`connected
`
`Any group of similar electrical
`together for use as
`
`devices
`
`single device For
`row
`example transistors may be connected in
`column array inside
`chip to form memory or sev
`eral memory chips may be connected
`together to
`as SIMM See also
`form memory module such
`SIMM
`of memory usually of
`section
`for CPU to address For example an
`convenient
`can address 65536 bytes of
`8-bit processor
`64-kilobyte 64-KB memory
`memory therefore
`bank is the largest
`the processor
`can address at
`once To address another 64-KB bank of memory
`the CPU into looking at
`circuitry that
`separate block of memory See also bank switch
`ing page definition
`
`size
`
`that
`
`requires
`
`fools
`
`bank switching
`
`computers available
`
`expanding
`
`method of
`random access memory RAM
`banks of RAM chips that share
`by switching between
`range of memory addresses which is set aside be
`fore switching begins Only one bank is directly ac
`time when
`bank
`is not active it
`
`cessible
`
`at
`
`is stored
`
`retains whatever
`
`in it Before another bank
`can be used the operating system driver or program
`command
`must explicitly issue
`to the hardware
`to
`
`make the switch Because
`
`takes
`
`switching between
`time memory-intensive
`
`with bank-switched memory
`Bank-switched
`
`memory
`
`typically
`
`operations take longer
`than with main memory
`the form of
`takes
`
`an expansion
`
`card that plugs into
`
`slot on the
`
`motherboard
`
`banner
`
`section
`
`of Web page containing an ad
`vertisement that
`is usually an inch or less tall and
`spans the width of the Web page The banner con
`link to the advertisers Web site See also Web
`page Web site
`
`tains
`
`The title page that may be added
`banner page
`printouts by most print spoolers Such
`page typi
`ID information job
`cally incorporates account
`length and print spooler information and is used
`one print job from another
`
`primarily to separate
`
`See
`
`to
`
`also print spooler
`used
`
`to identify
`
`In software an initial screen
`
`product and credit
`
`its producers
`
`bar chart
`type of graphic in which data items
`are shown as rectangular
`bars The bars may be dis
`and may be
`played either vertically or horizontally
`distinguished from one another by color
`or by some
`and negative val
`type of shading or pattern Positive
`ues may be shown in relation
`zero baseline Two
`to
`are common
`types of bar charts
`in which each value is represented by
`in which several
`stacked bar chart
`and
`are stacked
`
`standard bar chart
`
`separate bar
`data points
`single bar See the illus
`
`to produce
`
`tration Also called bar graph
`
`Quarterly Sales Summary
`
`$1400
`$1200
`
`$1000
`
`$800
`
`$600
`
`$400
`
`$200
`
`$0
`
`Qtr
`
`Qtr
`
`Qtr
`
`Qtr
`
`Qtr2
`
`Qtr3
`
`Quarter
`
`Vertical bar chart
`
`Quarterly Sales Summary
`
`Sales
`
`Stacked bar chart
`
`Bar chart Two common types of bar chart
`
`bar code
`
`The special
`
`identification
`
`code printed as
`
`set of vertical
`
`grocery products
`
`bars of differing widths on books
`Used for
`
`and other merchandise
`
`in such facilities as libraries
`
`rapid error-free
`input
`hospitals and grocery stores bar codes
`represent
`binary information that can be read by an optical
`scanner The coding can include numbers letters or
`
`42
`
`banks
`
`$0
`
`$200
`
`$400
`
`$600
`
`$800
`
`$1000 $1200 $1400
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 4
`
`

`

`i4der
`
`combination
`
`of the two some codes
`
`include
`
`built-
`
`also
`
`transistor
`
`The insulating
`
`foundation of
`
`in error checking and can be read in either direction
`
`printed circuit board
`
`See also circuit board
`
`bar code
`
`reader
`
`See bar code scanner
`
`base
`
`10 adj See decimal
`
`optical device that uses
`bar code scanner
`laser beam to read and interpret
`
`bar codes
`
`such as
`
`the Universal Product Codes
`
`found on grocery prod
`items See also bar code Univer
`
`ucts and other
`sal Product Code
`
`retail
`
`bare board
`
`circuit board with no chips
`
`on it
`
`most commonly
`
`memory board not populated with
`
`memory chips
`
`base
`
`16 adj See hexadecimal
`
`base
`
`adj See binary
`
`base
`
`adj See octal
`
`base address
`
`The part of
`
`dress
`
`that
`
`remains constant
`
`two-part memory ad
`and provides
`
`reference
`
`point
`
`from which the location
`
`of
`
`byte of data can
`
`be calculated
`
`base address
`
`is accompanied
`
`by an
`
`offset value
`
`that
`
`the
`
`bare bones adj Purely functional
`wise clean of features
`
`Bare bones
`
`stripped
`
`or other
`
`applications
`
`pro
`
`vide only the most basic
`
`functions
`
`necessary to
`perform given task By the same token
`bones
`computer provides minimal amount
`
`bare
`
`of hard
`
`ware or is sold
`
`at
`
`retail with no peripherals
`
`and just
`
`the operating
`
`system and no other software
`
`is added
`
`to the base to determine
`
`exact
`
`location
`
`address of the informa
`
`the absolute
`tion The concept
`is similar to
`street address sys
`tem For example 2010 Main Street
`of
`base the 2000 block of Main Street plus
`10 from the beginning of the block Base
`addresses
`in IBM PCs and
`are known as segment
`
`consists
`
`an offset
`
`addresses
`
`bare bones2
`
`An application
`
`the most basic
`
`functions
`
`that provides only
`
`its position
`
`as
`
`compatibles
`
`data in these computers
`from the start of the
`
`relative offset
`
`is identified
`
`by
`
`segment
`
`See also
`
`absolute
`
`address offset
`
`relative
`
`given task
`
`motherboard
`
`computer
`
`consisting
`
`address
`
`segment
`
`baseband adj Of or relating to communications
`tems in which the medium of
`
`transmission
`
`sys
`such as
`
`at
`
`necessary to perform
`only of
`equipped with CPU and RAM cabi
`supply floppy disk drive and keyboard
`net power
`to which the user must add hard disk video adapter
`See also
`monitor and any other
`
`peripherals
`
`motherboard
`
`peripheral
`
`bar graph
`
`See bar chart
`
`base
`
`In mathematics
`
`number that
`
`is raised
`
`to
`
`the power
`
`specified
`
`by an exponent For example in
`
`In mathematics
`
`particular
`
`numbering sys
`
`four numbering
`
`the base is
`the number of digits in
`tem With microcomputers
`systems
`are commonly used or referred tobinary octal
`and hexadecimaland
`decimal
`each is based
`on
`different number of digits The binary or base-2
`system which is used to discuss
`the states
`numbering
`
`of
`
`computers
`
`logic has two digits
`
`and
`
`contains
`
`information
`
`about
`
`the source
`
`and destination
`
`networks
`
`called
`time-division
`not busy although
`technique
`can enable channel sharing Each mes
`baseband
`network
`
`multiplexing
`
`sage on
`
`travels as
`
`packet
`
`that
`
`wire or fiber-optic
`
`carries
`
`cable
`form Baseband
`
`single message
`
`communication
`
`is
`
`time in digital
`found in local area networks
`
`such as Ethernet and
`
`fiber optics Token
`Token Ring See also Ethernet
`Ring network
`Compare broadband
`
`baseband network
`
`travel
`
`transmission
`
`coaxial
`
`baseband
`
`network
`
`type of local area network in
`in digital form on
`which messages
`single
`channel between machines connected by
`cable or twisted-pair wiring Machines
`transmit only when the channel
`
`on
`
`is
`
`or base-8 has eight digits
`
`decimal
`
`or base-lO numbering
`
`its
`
`through
`
`Hexadecimal
`
`digits
`
`through
`
`and
`
`through
`
`or base-16 has sixteen
`When numbers
`
`Octal
`The familiar
`
`through
`system has ten dig
`
`are written in
`
`base
`
`the base is often
`
`machines as well
`
`data Baseband
`
`as message
`over short distances
`ranging from
`at speeds
`operate
`about 50 kilobits per second 50 Kbps to 16 megabits
`and con
`per second 16 Mbps Receiving
`add considerably
`message however
`
`verting
`
`verifying
`
`to the
`
`particular
`and enclosed in parentheses after the
`subscripted
`9390 Also called
`number as in 24AE16
`also binary1 decimal
`
`radix See
`
`actual
`
`The maximum rec
`
`time reducing throughput
`for such
`network
`ommended
`
`distance
`
`is about
`
`hexadecimal
`
`octal
`
`One of
`
`miles or considerably
`
`less if the network
`
`is heavily
`
`three terminals emitter base
`The current
`
`transistor
`
`polar
`
`through the base controls
`
`definition
`
`and collector
`
`in bi
`
`used See also
`
`coaxial
`
`cable multiplexing packet
`
`time-division multiplexing
`throughput
`cable Compare broadband network
`
`the current
`
`between
`
`the emitter
`
`and the collector
`
`See
`
`twisted-pair
`
`43
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 5
`
`

`

`br1ghtt
`
`brwser
`
`the original
`
`computer
`
`the Briefcase
`
`updates all
`
`files
`
`to the most
`
`recent
`
`version
`
`brightness
`
`The perceived
`
`quality of radiance
`
`or
`
`stall Such
`
`network
`
`is based
`
`on the same technol
`
`television CATV Also called
`ogy used by cable
`wideband
`transmission Compare baseband
`
`network
`
`luminosity of
`visible object Brightness is literally
`in the eye and mind of the beholder
`than the same candle un
`the night
`
`appears brighter
`
`candle in
`
`broadcast
`
`adj Sent
`to more than one recipient
`broadcast mes
`communications
`and on networks
`
`In
`
`sage is one distributed
`
`to all stations See also e-maiP
`
`der
`
`incandescent
`
`lights Although
`
`its subjective
`
`definition
`
`value
`
`cannot be measured
`
`instru
`
`with physical
`as luminance
`can be measured
`ments brightness
`radiant energy The brightness
`from its color
`
`color
`
`is different
`
`component
`the hue and from
`
`of
`
`broadcast2
`
`As in radio
`
`or television
`
`transmission
`
`sent
`
`to more than one recipient
`
`broadcast
`
`storm
`
`network broadcast
`
`that causes
`
`multiple
`
`hosts
`
`of its color
`the intensity
`color model HSB
`
`the saturation
`
`See also
`
`ing
`
`the network
`
`broadcast
`
`old TCP/IP
`
`port
`
`col
`
`proto
`
`British Navel Connector
`
`See BNC
`
`broadband adj Of or relating
`to communications
`systems in which the medium of transmission
`such
`carries multiple mes
`as wire or fiber-optic
`cable
`time each message modulated
`on its own
`by means of modems Broadband
`is found in wide area networks
`
`carrier
`
`frequency
`
`communication
`
`sages
`
`at
`
`Compare baseband
`
`broadband ISDN
`Next-generation ISDN based on
`ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode technology
`ISDN divides
`Broadband
`information into two cat
`
`egories interactive
`
`services which are controlled
`
`by
`
`to respond simultaneously overload
`storm may occur when
`routers are mixed with routers
`that sup
`new protocol See also communications
`router TCP/IP
`
`broken
`
`as designed
`
`adj See BAD
`
`Brouter
`
`See bridge router
`
`brownout
`
`condition
`
`in which the electricity level
`
`is appreciably
`
`In contrast
`
`to
`
`reduced for
`
`sustained
`
`total
`
`period of time
`loss of power
`blackout
`or
`the flow of electricity to all de
`
`brownout
`
`continues
`
`vices
`
`connected to electrical
`
`outlets
`
`although
`
`at
`
`lower levels than the normally supplied
`
`volts in the United States
`
`brownout
`
`levels 120
`can be ex
`
`to sensitive electronic
`
`devices
`
`the user and distributed or distribution
`to the user Acronym BISDN See
`can be broadcast
`also ISDN ATM definition
`
`services
`
`that
`
`tremely damaging
`
`such
`
`as computers
`
`because
`
`the reduced and often
`
`fluctuating
`
`voltage
`
`levels can cause
`
`components
`
`to
`
`broadband modem
`
`modem for use on
`
`broad
`
`band network
`
`Broadband
`
`technology
`
`allows
`
`several
`
`networks to coexist
`
`on
`
`one network
`
`does not interfere with traffic
`
`single cable Traffic
`from an
`
`from
`
`other since
`
`the conversations
`
`happen
`
`on different
`
`like the commercial
`
`radio
`
`system
`
`of time outside
`for extended periods
`operate
`range they were designed to work in On
`computer
`smaller dimmer
`brownout
`
`is characterized
`
`by
`
`the
`
`and somewhat
`
`fluctuating
`
`display
`
`area on the moni
`
`tor and potentially
`
`erratic behavior
`
`by the system
`
`unit The only reliable means
`
`of preventing damage
`
`caused by
`
`brownout
`
`condition
`
`is to use
`
`battery-
`
`frequencies rather
`See also broadband network
`
`broadband network
`
`local area network
`
`on
`
`which transmissions
`
`travel
`
`over separate
`broadband network
`
`tions on
`
`are connected by co
`cable which can carry data
`axial or fiber-optic
`voice and video simultaneously over multiple
`
`trans
`
`inbound and outbound
`
`as radio-frequency signals
`channels Sta
`
`uninterruptible
`
`backed
`UPS Compare blackout
`
`power
`
`supply UPS See also
`
`browse
`
`vb To scan
`
`database
`
`list of files or the
`
`Internet
`
`either
`
`for
`
`particular
`
`that seems
`
`to be of
`
`interest Generally browsing
`
`item or for anything
`im
`
`plies observing
`
`rather
`
`than
`
`changing
`
`information In
`
`sumably nondestructive
`an unknown
`
`computer
`
`means of finding
`
`after
`
`illegally gaining
`
`entry
`
`is pre
`out about
`
`browser
`
`See Web browser
`
`62
`
`mission channels that are distinguished
`
`by frequency
`
`unauthorized
`
`computer
`
`hacking
`
`browsing
`
`broadband network
`
`is capable of high-speed
`opera
`it is more expensive
`tion 20 megabits or more but
`than
`baseband
`network
`and can be difficult
`
`to in-
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 6
`
`

`

`high-level
`
`assembly
`
`system its enor
`
`vices such as monitors are located See also CPU
`expansion slot
`
`cable1
`
`collection
`
`of wires
`
`shielded
`
`within
`
`pro
`
`tective tube used
`
`to connect peripheral
`
`devices
`
`to
`
`mouse
`computer
`all be connected to
`
`keyboard
`
`and
`
`printer might
`
`computer with cables Printer
`
`cables
`
`typically
`
`implement
`
`serial or
`
`parallel path
`for data to travel along See the illustration
`
`programming
`
`language developed by Dennis
`in 1972 It
`is so named
`
`Ritchie
`
`at Bell Laboratories
`
`because
`
`its immediate
`
`predecessor was
`
`the
`
`pro
`is considered by
`language Although
`gramming
`many to be more machine-independent
`language than
`its close asso
`language
`ciation with the UNIX operating
`mous popularity and its standardization
`by the
`Institute ANSI have
`standard pro
`
`American National Standards
`
`made it perhaps the closest
`
`thing
`
`to
`
`gramming
`
`language in the microcomputer/worksta
`
`tion marketplace
`
`contains
`
`small
`
`chine dependent
`
`chine independent
`
`is
`
`compiled
`
`set of built-in functions
`
`language that
`that are ma
`are ma
`and are contained in libraries that
`
`The rest of the
`
`functions
`
`from programs
`can be accessed
`of one or more functions
`
`composed
`
`programs
`defined by the
`
`are
`
`programmer
`See also
`
`language
`
`thus
`
`is
`
`structured
`
`programming
`
`compiled
`
`language
`
`library
`
`Cable
`
`Tab
`
`caps
`Lock
`
`Shift
`
`Objective-C structured
`
`programming
`
`cable2
`
`adj Pertaining
`
`to the cable
`
`An object-oriented
`
`version
`
`of the
`
`program
`
`itiing
`
`language
`
`developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
`the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories
`and adopted by
`
`in
`
`number
`
`of vendors
`
`Sun Microsystems
`
`including
`
`Apple Computer
`Inc See also
`
`Objective-C
`
`and
`
`object-oriented
`
`programming
`
`C2
`
`The lowest level of security in the U.S National
`
`Computer
`
`Security
`
`Centers
`
`hierarchy
`
`of criteria for
`
`user
`
`trusted computer
`logon with
`systems
`requiring
`password and mechanism for auditing The C2
`See also Or
`Book
`
`level
`
`in the Orange
`is outlined
`ange Book definition
`CA
`
`See certificate
`
`authority
`
`television CATV
`cable modem is
`
`system For example
`distribution
`modem that sends and receives
`digital data through
`cable TV system Because
`cable TV
`data such as an
`service it can carry
`
`connection
`
`to
`
`is
`
`broadband
`
`Internet
`CATV
`
`connection
`
`at very high speed
`
`See also
`
`The connector
`cable connector
`on either end of
`cable See also DB connector DIN connector RS
`232-C standard
`RS-422/423/449
`
`cable matcher
`
`device that allows
`
`the use of
`
`cable
`
`that has slightly different wire connections
`from those required
`attached
`
`by the devices to which it is
`
`.cab
`
`File extension
`
`for cabinet
`
`files which are mul
`
`cable modem
`
`modem that sends and receives
`
`tiple
`
`files
`
`comptessed
`
`into one and extractable
`
`with
`
`the extract.exe
`utility Such
`found
`are frequently
`on Microsoft software for example Windows 9x
`disks
`distribution
`
`files
`
`The box in which the main components
`cabinet
`computer CPU the hard drive floppy and CD
`ROM drives and expansion
`de
`slots for peripheral
`
`of
`
`69
`
`data through
`
`coaxial
`
`cable
`
`television
`
`in
`network
`conventional mo
`as with
`stead of telephone lines
`dem Cable modems which have speeds of 500
`kilobits per second Kbps can generally
`conventional modems How
`than current
`cable modems do not operate
`at the same rate
`ever
`upstream when sending information
`
`data faster
`
`transmit
`
`and down-
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 7
`
`

`

`stream when receiving
`Upstream rates
`information
`Mbps to 10 Mbps downstream
`vary from about
`from about 10 Mbps to 36 Mbps See also co
`rates
`axial cable modem
`
`cable television
`
`See CATV
`
`cabling diagram
`
`plan that shows
`
`the path of
`
`cables
`
`that attach
`
`computer
`
`system components
`
`peripherals Cabling diagrams
`
`are particularly
`
`or
`
`impor
`
`tant for explaining
`
`the connection of disk
`
`drives
`
`to
`
`disk controller
`
`cache
`
`\kash\
`
`special memory
`
`subsystem
`
`which
`
`frequently
`
`used
`
`data values
`
`are duplicated
`
`for quick
`
`stores
`
`the contents
`
`of fre
`
`access
`cache
`memory
`quently accessed RAM locations
`and the addresses
`are stored When the proces
`where
`the cache
`an address
`in memory
`it holds that address
`
`these data items
`
`sor
`
`references
`
`checks
`
`to see whether
`
`If it does
`
`hold the address
`
`the data is returned
`
`to the proces
`
`sor if it does not
`regular memory
`is useful when RAM accesses
`pared with the microprocessor
`than main RAM memory
`
`cache
`
`memory is always faster
`See also disk
`
`cache
`
`wait
`
`state
`
`occurs
`access
`are slow com
`because
`cache
`
`speed
`
`CM
`
`resize models show interior views
`
`lists of
`
`generate
`for construction and perform
`other allied functions CAD programs
`rely on math
`of
`the computing
`ematics
`requiring
`power
`workstation See also CAD/CAM
`
`materials
`
`required
`
`often
`
`high-performance
`I-CASE
`
`CAD/CAM \kadkam\
`Acronym for computer-
`The use
`aided design/computer-aided
`
`manufacturing
`
`in both the design and manufacture
`of computers
`of
`product With CAD/CAM
`as ma
`such
`product
`is designed with CAD program and the
`chine part
`set of instructions
`design is translated
`
`finished
`
`into
`
`that can be transmitted
`
`to and used by the machines
`and process con
`
`dedicated to fabrication
`assembly
`trol See also CAD 1-CASE
`CADD \kad-D
`system of hardware
`similar to CAD but with additional
`
`and software
`
`features
`
`related to
`
`engineering conventions
`
`including
`
`the ability to dis
`
`specifications
`
`and other notes Acro
`
`is inserted
`
`into
`
`cache
`
`card
`
`card that
`
`increases
`
`quire
`
`An expansion
`See also
`cache memory
`
`cache
`
`expansion
`
`systems
`
`board
`
`Cache-Coherent
`See ccNEJMA
`
`Non-Uniform Memory Access
`
`cache memory
`
`See cache
`
`of Internet
`cache poisoning
`Domain Name System DNS information through
`
`Deliberate
`
`corruption
`
`alteration
`
`of data that equates
`
`host names with their
`
`IP addresses Misleading information of this type
`saved by one DNS server
`when cached
`exposes DNS servers
`from one host
`to another
`
`and later
`
`to attacks
`
`in
`
`can be ac
`
`passed to another
`
`which data sent
`
`cessed or corrupted Cache poisoning has been used
`to redirect network
`from legitimate
`to an alternate Web site See also DNS
`
`requests
`
`server
`
`CAD \kad\
`
`system of programs
`
`Acronym for computer-aided
`design
`and workstations
`used in design
`and scientific models
`
`ing engineering architectural
`ranging from simple tools to buildings aircraft
`inte
`and molecules Various CAD applica
`in two or three dimensions
`
`grated
`
`circuits
`
`tions create
`
`objects
`
`presenting
`
`the results as wire-frame skeletons as
`
`more substantial models with shaded
`solid objects Some programs
`
`can also rotate or
`
`surfaces or as
`
`play dimension
`nym CADD See also CAD
`that holds CD-ROM and
`caddy
`plastic carrier
`CD-ROM drive Some PCs espe
`cially older models have CD-ROM drives
`that re
`CD-ROM
`caddy Most current
`the use of
`do not require
`
`drives
`
`caddy
`
`CAE
`
`Acronym for computer-aided
`
`engineering An
`
`that enables
`
`the user
`
`application
`ing tests and analyses
`on designs
`puter In some instances capabilities
`
`to perform engineer
`com
`created with
`
`attributed
`
`such
`as logic
`to CAE applica
`
`so
`
`the distinc
`
`hard-and-fast
`
`testing that are generally
`tions are also part of CAD programs
`tion between CAD and CAE is not
`one See also CAD I-CASE
`CA Acronym for computer-aided
`or computer-
`program de
`An educational
`tool CAl programs
`use tutorials drills and question-and-
`
`assisted instruction
`
`signed to serve
`
`as
`
`teaching
`
`typically
`
`answer sessions
`
`to present
`
`students comprehension
`
`lent aids for presenting
`
`and to test the
`topic
`CAl programs
`factual material
`
`are excel
`
`and for al
`
`their learning
`lowing students
`to pace
`and complexity range from beginning
`advanced mathematics
`
`speed
`
`Subjects
`
`arithmetic
`
`to
`
`studies
`
`and specialized
`CAT computer-aided
`
`science history
`computer
`topics Also called CAL
`
`learning computer-assisted
`
`learning computer-aided
`
`teaching
`
`computer-assisted
`
`computer
`learning computer-assisted teaching
`learning See also I-CASE Compare
`
`augmented
`CBT CMI
`
`70
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 8
`
`

`

`rhgit
`
`direct digital color
`
`lower-cost
`
`will
`
`printing
`
`equipment
`
`output
`to serve as an approximation of what
`image
`look like when produced on professional-quality
`proof does
`direct digital color
`
`not
`
`involve
`
`color
`
`separation as in traditional
`
`proofs
`
`Instead
`
`colors
`
`what
`
`direct digital color proof is printed in all
`at one time on
`
`single page resulting in some-
`compared with traditional
`
`separa
`
`sheet produced by
`
`directory replication
`
`ii The copying of master set
`
`DirectX
`
`proof
`device such as
`
`test
`
`color
`
`laser printer
`
`the final
`
`of directories
`
`from server
`
`called an export
`
`server
`
`to specified
`
`computers
`
`servers
`
`or workstations
`
`called import
`in the same or other domains Replication
`
`simplifies
`
`the task of maintaining identical
`
`sets of
`
`directories
`
`and files
`
`because
`
`on multiple
`computers
`single master copy of the data must be main
`
`only
`
`tained See also directory
`
`server
`
`Directory Server Agent
`
`See DSA
`
`increased
`
`directory service
`
`service
`
`on
`
`network
`
`that re
`
`turns mail addresses
`
`of other
`
`users or enables
`
`user
`
`color
`
`definition
`
`lower quality
`tion methods
`but having the advantages of
`speed and reduced cost Acronym DDCP Also called
`digital proof See also
`
`separation
`
`Direct Graphics
`DGIS
`
`Interface Specification
`
`See
`
`Directlnput
`
`interface
`
`similar pointing
`
`An API application programming
`developed by Microsoft
`for joysticks
`in Windows 9x
`
`devices
`
`to locate
`
`hosts
`
`and services
`
`Directory System Agent
`
`See DSA
`
`directory tree
`
`graphic
`
`display
`
`listing the direc
`
`and
`
`tories and subdirectories
`
`with subdirectories
`
`shown
`
`on
`
`hard disk
`
`in tree form
`as branches of the main
`
`directory
`
`See also branch definition
`
`directory
`
`direction
`
`key
`
`See arrow key
`
`tree structure
`
`direct memory access
`
`access
`
`that does
`
`not
`
`involve
`
`used
`
`Memory
`and is frequently
`the microprocessor
`between memory and an
`disk drive
`such as
`
`for data transfer directly
`
`intelligent peripheral
`
`Acronym DMA
`
`device
`
`catalog
`
`for filenames
`
`and other direc
`
`Directory User Agent
`
`See DUA
`
`direct processing
`
`Processing
`
`of data as it
`
`is received
`
`by the system as opposed
`which data is stored
`in blocks before
`
`to deferred
`
`processing
`
`in
`
`processing
`
`Compare deferred
`
`directory
`
`tories stored
`
`on
`
`disk
`
`directory
`
`is
`
`way of orga
`
`nizing and grouping the files
`is not
`so that
`the user
`long list of them The topmost
`
`overwhelmed
`
`by
`
`direct
`
`direct
`
`direct
`
`directory
`
`is called
`
`the root directory the directories
`
`tion
`
`read after write
`
`read during write
`
`processing
`See DRAW
`See DRDW
`
`sequence
`
`In spread spectrum conimunica
`form of modulation
`in which
`
`carrier
`
`is
`
`within
`
`directory
`ing on how an operating
`
`are called
`
`subdirectories
`
`Depend
`
`modulated
`
`by
`
`series of binary
`
`pulses See also
`
`system supports
`
`directories
`
`modulation
`
`definition
`
`spread spectrum
`
`filenames in
`
`can be viewed and ordered in
`
`directory
`various waysfor example alphabetically
`by date
`interface What
`
`by size or as icons
`
`in
`
`graphical
`
`user
`
`the user views as
`
`directory
`
`ating
`
`system by tables
`
`of data stored
`
`is supported in the oper
`on the disk
`
`direct
`
`type of cathode-ray
`
`tube
`
`long
`
`to
`
`the screen
`
`surface
`
`tube in which
`
`that
`
`indicate
`
`characteristics
`
`and the location
`
`of each
`
`file In the Macintosh
`
`and Windows
`
`9x operating
`
`systems
`work an index of names
`
`directories
`
`related to authorized
`
`are called
`
`folders
`and pertinent
`users and network
`
`On
`
`net
`
`information
`
`resources
`
`Directory Access Protocol
`between
`erns communications
`servers See also CCITT
`
`series
`
`The protocol
`X.500 clients
`
`that gov
`and
`
`Directory Client Agent
`
`See DUA
`
`Directory Information Base
`
`See DIB definition
`
`directory path
`
`See pathname
`
`view storage tube
`CRT in which the screen
`can retain images for
`beam of electrons
`time and in which
`from an electron
`gun can be moved arbitrarily across
`standard
`as opposed
`
`the electron
`
`specific pattern This
`
`cathode-ray
`beam is moved in
`type of CRT is capable
`
`of displaying
`
`precise
`
`detailed
`
`image without requiring any screen
`
`refresh However
`
`once
`
`the image is drawn it cannot be changed
`without
`of the screen Acronym DVST
`tube Compare CRT
`
`complete erasing
`
`Also called
`
`storage
`
`application
`
`programming
`
`in
`
`Windows
`DirectX
`terface API that gives
`applications
`sound
`and graphics
`of components
`for graphics DirectSound
`
`computers
`
`includes
`
`number
`
`DirectDraw
`
`direct
`
`access
`
`to
`
`hardware DirectX
`
`including
`
`for audio
`
`and
`
`Direct3D for three-dimensional
`
`graphics
`
`142
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1019, p. 9
`
`

`

`condition
`
`caused
`
`some action
`
`as specified
`
`by
`
`DNS server
`
`file on that machine
`from the central com
`
`query received
`to be performed
`
`by the agent may
`them to the
`for errors and reporting
`
`in response to
`puter The actions
`
`include watching
`
`central computer
`
`division
`
`by zero
`
`attempt
`
`to divide
`
`An error
`by an
`number by zero which is math
`number that
`
`ematically
`
`undefined
`
`or by
`
`is suffi
`
`near
`
`to zero that
`
`the result
`
`to be
`
`is too large
`ciently
`expressed by the machine Computers
`division by zero and software must provide some
`
`do not allow
`
`means of protecting
`
`the user
`
`from program failure on
`
`such attempts
`
`DIX
`Intel Xerox the compa
`Acronym for Digital
`nies that developed the AUI connector
`for thicknet
`cable See also AUI
`
`Ethernet
`
`DLC
`
`correction
`
`protocol
`
`for transmission
`
`Acronym for Data Link Control An error-
`in the Systems Network Architec
`ture SNA responsible
`of data
`between
`two nodes over
`link Supported
`physical
`2000 DLC
`by Microsoft Windows NT and Windows
`to IBM mainframe
`
`is designed to provide access
`
`computers
`
`to the network
`
`and to Hewlett-Packard
`See also HDLC SNA
`
`printers
`
`for example
`as they occur
`printer
`to the central computer when
`may be set up to report
`out or jams DM1 was developed by the
`paper runs
`DMTF Desktop Management
`consor
`Task Force
`tium of computer
`equipment manufacturers
`competes with SNMP although
`on the same system See also agent definition
`DMTF Compare SNMP
`DML
`DMT
`DMTF
`Force
`
`and
`
`the two can coexist
`
`See data manipulation language
`
`See discrete multitone
`
`Acronym for Desktop Management
`consortium formed in 1992 to develop stan
`for PC-based
`and networked sys
`
`Task
`
`dards
`
`stand-alone
`
`connected
`
`tems based
`
`on user and industry
`
`needs
`
`DLCI
`
`See Data Link Connection
`
`Identifier
`
`.dll
`
`file extension
`
`for
`
`dynamic-link library See
`
`also dynamic-link library
`DLL ii See dyn