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`IEEE 100
`The Authoritative Dictionary of
`IEEE Standards. Terms ._
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`Seiré'n'th Editiei]
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`'lt'cation date; such information is subject
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`eers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
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`tic retrieval system or otherwise. without
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`‘o'rki-s'ervy“tan enhancement to users,
`:e of it. The publisher does not assume
`tission in the work. whether such error
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`zch liability is disclaimed.
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`: information through this publication,
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`00-05060]
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`Contents
`
`Introduction
`
`‘
`I
`o
`How to Use Thls chtlonary
`
`_
`
`Categories
`
`,
`
`Trademarks
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`V
`
`Vi
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`Vi
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`O
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`n;
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary Of IEEE Standards Terms
`'
`
`1
`
`'
`
`Abstracts and Sources
`
`Non-IEEE Standards Sources
`
`294
`
`1
`
`1351
`
`.
`The Authoritative Dictionary ofIEEE Standards Terms
`
`111
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 4
`
`

`

`matic means of communicating ideas by the use if
`local signs, sounds, gestures, or marks, and rules.
`nation of admissible expressions.
`'
`(C) 610.131993w"1
`dingAPI specification -A specification that doe-
`source code method, consistent with a specific.
`1g language, used by an application to access ser-.
`led by- an application platform.
`'
`(C/PA) 14252-1996
`e (telephone switching systems) On an interna-
`an address digit that permits an originating oper-
`in assistance in a desired language.
`(COM) 312-1977“:
`:iiption language See. metalauguage.
`Conversational Compufiirg An interactive pro-
`T.
`language combining ALGOkae syntax with
`
`(C) 610.13-1993w 3-“
`the Expression of Associatlve Procedures A 3
`glanguage based on ALGOL 60. containing set- it;
`q“a
`1- associativeoperations and datatypes.
`-
`
`(C) 610131993w :_~
`- Your Remote Instruction by Computer_
`
`r1 application—oriented language used
`y
`(C)- 610.13—1993w;
`pendent service specification A specification 7
`
`.set ofrequired functional semantics independent_
`:and semantics of a promising language.
`(CIPA) 14252-1996
`sentient specification The format for: describing-
`
`is not tied to any specific computer language.
`rscczm 1226-1998'E;
`emporal Ordering Specifications (LOTUS) A
`
`language usedfor telecommunications and dis-
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`out (dedicated--type sequential events record-
`
`A word description composed of alphanumeric
`:d to bother identify inputs and their status. See a,.—
`(PE/EDPG) [1].,
`
`saor (software) A computer program that trans-
`
`ts, or performs other tasks required to process 7"“
`pressedm a given language. See also. compiler;
`
`(C) 610._12-1990 *2
`rd A standard that describes the characteristics -.
`used to describe a requirements specification.
`
`.stdata. See olsoa standard lairgu;age=
`_
`') 611112-1990, 610.10—1994w, 610.13-1993w
`riagement The management functionality spe-
`uiagetnent of lEEE 802 Local or Metropolitan
`(LWC) 15802-24995 .9!
`rdards Committee (LMSC) The lEEE stan-
`tee that develops LAN and MAN standards.
`(C) 61o.7-1995
`munlcafioris architecture A communications
`at supports LAN and WAN networks.
`(C) 6107-1995
`
`7..-
`
`'3'“
`
`“
`
`xihle line ofwehbing. rope, wire rope. or strap _-
`yhas acormectorsteachendforconnecting'
`r'5 body belt. aerial belt. or full body harness
`iotbirrg device. lifeline or- anchorage. Special
`ired'or operations where the lanyard'is subject
`'ohibitedin the vicinity of energized facilities.
`(TED/PE) 1307-1996
`ine or webbing. rope. wire rope, or strap that
`connector at each end for connecting the line-
`belt. aerial belt. or. full body harness to- an
`ig device, lifeline. or anchorage.
`.
`(NESC) C2-l997
`- A microphone adapted to positioning on the
`user. See also: microphone.-
`[EEC/PE) [1191
`
`
`
`
`lapel microphone__It
`
`Laplaoe’s equation
`
`
`-"
`
`
`:5
`
`} i
`
`Laplace’s equation The special form taken by Poisson’s equa-
`tion when the. volume density of chargeis zero throughout
`:heisntropic medium. Itis A2v= 0.
`(StleO) 270-1966w
`Laplace transform (firircfion) (unilateral) The quantity ob—
`tained by performing the operation
`-.
`.
`Frsl= frown:
`where .t— o + jar. See olro: feedback oorttml system.
`(PE'EDW) [31
`laptop computer A portable computer designed for use on
`‘ one'5 lap.
`(C) 6102—1987, 610.10~1994w
`_lap winding A winding thatcompletes all'its turns under a given
`, pair ofmain poles before proceeding to the nextpair ofpole—s.
`Note. In commutator machines the ends ofthe individual coils
`of a simplex lap winding are connected to adjacent comma.-
`tator bars: those of a duplex lap winding are connected to
`alternate commutator bars etc. See also: asynchronous ma-
`chine.
`'
`-
`(EECIPE) [119]
`large ion (1) (overhead pow“) Ioncomprised ofcharged par-
`ticles, liquid or solid, suspended'in air. Typical radiusis in
`therauge of2 X 10‘5mto2 X lO‘lm. Mobilityisinthe
`range of 10''9 nil/Vs to 10" 111st. Note. Historically, these
`havebeenreferredtoaslarge orLangevinion's.'1'lreuseof
`the term “charged aerosols"-is encouraged. Synonym. charged
`aerosol.
`(Tarn/PE) 539-1990
`(2) See also: charged aerosol.
`(Trim/PE) 1227-1990r
`'
`large ions See: charged aerosol.
`large scale integration (LSD (A) Pertaining to an integrated
`circuit containing between 500 and 2x104 Miami; in its
`design. Contrast: ultra-large scale integration; medium scale
`integration; small scale-integration: very large scale integra—
`tion. (B) Pertaining to an integrated circuit containing be-
`tween 100 and 5.000 elemental
`.
`(C) 610.10-1994
`large signal One whose peak-twpeak amplitude is as large as
`practical but is recorded by the instrument within, but‘not
`including. the maximum and minimum amplitude data codes.
`As a minimum, the signal must span at least 90% ofthe full-
`scale range of the waveform recorder.
`(MWMdiA) 1057-1994w
`large signal performance (1) (excitation systems for syn-
`chronous machines) Response of an excitation control sys-
`tem, excitation system or elements of an excitation system
`to signals which are large enough that nonlinear-lites must be
`included in the analysis of the response to obtain roalistic
`' results.
`'
`(PEJEDPG) 421.1—1986r
`(2) (dynamic performance of excitation systems) There-
`sponse to signals that are large enough so that nonlinearities
`are significant.
`'
`(PE/EDPG) 421.2-1990
`lari-y A motor-driven burden-hearing Irack-mounted car de—
`' signed for sideor end dumping and used for hauling material
`' suchas coal, coke, ermine refuse.
`(PEIEECIMIN) [119]
`laser (1) (fiber optics) A device that produces optical radiation
`using a populationinversion to provide Light Amplification
`by Stimulated Emission of Radiation and (generally) an op-
`tical resonant cavity to provide positive feedback. Lasa- ra-
`diation may be highly coherent temporally. or spatially,or
`both. See also: injection laser diode: active laser medium:
`optical cavity.
`'
`(StdiDO) 812-1984w
`(2) (laser maser) A device that produces an intense. coherent.
`directional beam of light by stimulating electronic. ionic. or
`molecular maidens to lower energy levels. Also, an acre-
`nym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radia-
`tion.
`'
`4
`(LED) 586-1980»;
`(3) The laser produces a highly monochromatic and coherent
`(spatial and temporal) beam of radiation A steady oscillation
`of nearly a single electromagnetic mode is maintained'in a
`volume of an active material bounded by highly reflecting
`surfaces called a resmiator. The frequency of oscillation var-
`iesaocordingtothematerialusedandbythemetliodsof
`initially exciting or pumping the material.
`(EECIIE) [126]
`(4) (A) A device that can generate a laserbearn. Note: “laser"
`is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emissions
`
`6M
`
`latcli
`
`ofradiation; (B) 1onsely,pertaiuingtoadevice that usesa
`.(C) 610.10-1994-
`laserbeam, as in‘ a laserprinter.
`.
`laser beam-An extremely narrow, coherent beam' of. electro-
`magnetic energy in the form oflight:
`-
`(C) 610.10—1994w
`laserbeatnpi'iirterSce:laserprinter:
`-
`'
`--
`laser diode See: injection laser diode.'
`laser disk An optical disk, typically 12 inches'in diameter. See
`also: compact disc.
`(C) 610.10—1994w
`laser gyro A device that measures angularrotation by optical
`.beterodyning of internally generated, comm-propagating,
`optical beanie.
`-'
`4
`-
`(AESIGYAC) 523-1994
`lasergyroaxesLAandNAatetwo
`'cularaxesinthe
`plsneoffirclsserbeams. audarenormaltotheIA. ThelZRA,
`LRA, and NRA are reference axes defined with respect to the
`mounting provisions. These axes are nominally parallel to IA,
`LA. and NA, respectively. Generally, the laser gyro will have
`two'electrodesofonesigirandoneoftheotlier. Planeaxis
`LAisfiiecenterlineofthelaserleg containingfiresir‘rgle
`electrode. Plane axis NAis the line”in the laser beam- plane
`! perpendicularto LA and bisecting the leg contaimng LA
`=Generally,plane'axisNAcanbethoughtofasthe-axisof
`symmetry.
`'
`'3
`(AESIGYACJ 528-1994
`laser medium See: active laser medium.
`' n
`laser printerA nonimpact, xerographic printer that uses it lasei-
`beam to create a latent'image which'is then made visible by
`atoner and transferred md“fixed on paper. synonym. laser ,
`beam printer.
`-
`.
`(C) 510.10-1994w
`laser radar A radar whose can-ier frequency'is produced by a
`laser, usually'.III the infrared orvisible light region.
`'
`r- ..
`~
`(AE8) 686-1997
`laser safety officer (laser inaser) One who'is knowledgeable
`in the evaluation and control of laser hazards and has arr-
`
`'
`
`'
`4
`
`lfiiority for supervision of the control of laser hazards.
`(LEO) 586-1980w
`laser system (laser maser)Anassembly of electrical, mechan-
`ical, and optical components which includes a laser.
`.,
`'-
`(LEO) 586-1980w
`lasing media-ii (laser eraser) A material emitting coherent ra-
`diation byvirtue of stiinulated electronic or molecular tran—
`sitions to lowerenergy levels.
`(LEO) 586-1980w
`lasing threshold (1) (fiber optics) The lowest excitation level
`at which a laser's output is dominated by stimulated emission
`isthm- fiiaiii spontaneous emission; See' also: spontaneous”
`emission; laser; stimulated emission. ,
`(StdIOO) 312-1984w
`(2) (laser gyro) The discharge currentat which the gain of
`the laserjust equals the losses.
`-
`‘-
`(AESIGYAQ' 5284994
`.
`last dose (1) (of a file) When a process closes a file, resulting
`inthefilenotbeingariopenfilewithinany-process.
`-~-
`.
`..
`.
`(CIPA). 994511996
`(2) (of a file) Occurs when a process closes a file, message
`queue, orshared memory objectand this resulnin it not being
`open within any process.
`(CIPA) 1003.5b-l995 '
`(3) The act of a process closing a tile, message queue. or
`shared memory object that results in the file. message queue;
`or- shared memory object no longer being open within any
`process;
`-
`-
`>
`-.
`'
`(C) 10035-1999
`last-in,- first-out (A).-A technique for managing a- set of items
`to which additions and deletions are to be made; items are
`appendedtoono endandtetrievedfrom that sameend.See
`- also: stack; (B) Pertaining to asysterii in which the next item
`to exit the system is the item thathas been in the system for
`the shortest time. Synonym: first-in, last-out. Contrast: first-
`in, first-out.
`-(C) 6111.5-1990
`‘
`last-line release (telephone switching systems) Release under
`control of the last line. that goes on--hook.
`-
`..
`(COM) 312—1977w
`last transition (pulse terminology) The major transition wave-
`formofapulsewaveformbetweenthetopandfirebase.
`.
`4 -.
`=
`, (MW) 194-1977w
`LATA See. local area transport area.
`i
`-
`latch An attachment used to hold a fuse or switch'inthe closed
`position:
`(SWG/PE) C37.40-1993, C37. 100-1992
`
`
`
`Page 5
`
`

`

`.
`
`.
`
`I
`
`'
`
`;
`
`latching
`
`608
`
`launch angle
`
`(2) (A)Acircuitthstcanbeusedtohold data in'aready
`position. until required: usually controlled by another circuit.
`See also: latching: transparent latch. (B):A.circuit consisting
`of oneor more latches as in (A) that-is used to store digital
`data. See also: register.
`(C) 61010-1994
`latching The process of holding data'in a circuit until other
`circuits are ready to change the latch circuit... .
`(C) 610.10—l994w
`latching current (1) (thyristor) The minimum principal current
`required to maintain the thyristor'in the 0N:slate immediately
`alter switching from the OFF-state to the ON—state has.oc-
`curred and the triggering signal has been removed. See also;
`holding current.-
`(iA/lPC) 428-1981“:
`(2) (of a switching device)The making current during a clos—
`ing operation in which the device latches or the equivalent.
`(SWG/PE) 031100-1992
`latching relay A relay that'is so constructed thatit maintains a
`given position by means of a mechanical latch until released
`(SWG/PE) (337.100—1992
`mechanically or electricslly.:= __:
`latch-int relay. A relay that maintains its‘ contacts in the last
`position assumed without the need of maintaining coil- ener—
`gization.
`,
`(PE/EM) 43-19745
`latch-up A state inwhich a low-impedancepath results front
`an input, output, or supply excessive operating condition that
`triggers a parasitic structure and persists after the removal or
`cessation of the triggering condition.
`(ED) 1005-1993
`
`late mode The very last edge that propagates through a given
`cone of logic.
`.
`-
`(C/DA) 1481-1999
`latency (l) (biological electronics).'l‘he conditicmin an excit-
`able tissue dining the interval between the application of a
`stimulus and the first indication of a response.
`(EMB) [47]
`(2) (electronic computation) The time between the comple-
`tionoftheinterpretationofanaddressandthe staitot'the
`actual transfer from the addressed location.
`(C) [20], [BS]
`(3) (software) The time interval between the instant at which
`an instruction control unitissuesacall for-dataandthe instant
`at which the transfer ofdata is hired.
`(C) 610.12.1990
`(4) The time, expressed in number of symbols, it takes for a
`signal to pass through a ring component. See also: ring la.-
`tency; cumulative latency.
`,
`(CILM) 8802-54998
`latency adjust buffer (LAB) A first-in first-out (FIFO) function
`.withintlreCFBl'U withtheahilitytostore onefullframeof
`Rx Data. The LAB function'insures an integral niunber of
`fiamesaremtafingondreSFODBdng.
`-
`'
`(CJBA) 1393-1999
`latent period (electrohiology)The time elapsing between the
`application of a stimulus and the first indication of a response;
`See also: excitability.
`.
`-
`-
`‘
`-(EM3l [47]
`lateral compression (software) In software design, a form of
`demodularizationin which two w more modules that execute
`one alter the other are combined into a single module; Carr-
`trost: downward compression; upward cornpressiom -
`'-
`(C) 610.12-1990
`lateral conductor (1) A wire or cable extending in‘a general
`horizontal direction at-anangle to the general directionofthe
`line conductors.
`(Tao) C12-1960
`(2) A wire or cable extending-in a general horizontal direction
`stanangletothegeneraldirectionoftlielineconductors.and
`entirely supported on one structure.
`.
`- (NESC) C2499?
`lateral critical speeds (rotating machinery) The speeds at
`which the amplitudes of'the lateral vibrations of a machine
`rotor due to shaft rotation reach their maximum values. See
`also: rotor.
`(PE) [9]
`lateral-cut recording See: lateral recording. .
`"
`lateral insulator (storage cell) An insulator placed between the
`plates and the side wall of the container in which the element
`is housed. See also: battery.
`(PEJEEC) [119]
`lateral ofllset loss (fiber optics) A power loss caused by trans-
`verse or lateral deviation from optimum aligrunent of source
`to opticalwaveguide, waveguide to waveguide, or waveguide
`to detector. Synonym: transverse offset loss
`.
`(StleO) 812-198,4w
`
`directionaldependence oftherateofenergylossofionizing
`particles‘
`(NPS) 325-19$6s, SOD-1982.1
`lattice network. A network composed of four branches con-
`nectedinseriestoformamesli twononadjacentjunctioi;
`points serving as input terminals, while the remaining two
`yuuction points serve as output terminals. See also: network
`analysis.
`-
`.
`.
`,
`
`
`
`Thejuttcflonpolntsbatneanbranclies4snd1andbetwocns
`andzarethelnputtauninals; melancflmpalntsbetween
`branchee‘lsndaandbenvmnbrancheszand4aretheout-
`puttermlnals.
`lattice network -
`
`(StdlDO) 270-1966w
`launch angle (fiber optics) The angle between the light input
`propagationvectorandtheopticalaxisofan opticalliberor
`fiber brindle. See aIso. launchnumerical aperture.
`i‘
`-
`'
`(StleO) 812-1984w
`
`lateral profile (1) (radio noise thorn overhead power lines and -
`substations) The radio noise field strength at ground level
`plotted as a function ofthe horizontal distance from. and at
`aright angle to, the powerline conductors.
`'
`(TSLDIPE) 430-]986w H
`(2) (overhead—powei-Jinecorona and radio noise) The pro-
`_
`file of a parameter, usually near ground level plotted as a '
`function of the horizontal distance from and at a right angle
`to the line conductors. Forexasirple‘, a lateral profile of the
`' vertical component of the electric field strength, of the radio
`noise field strength etc.
`'
`(MD/PE) 539—1990
`”'5
`lateral recording (lateral-cut recording) A mechanical re.
`cording'm which the groove modulation'is perpendicular to .
`the motion of the recording mediirm and'parallel to the surface
`(so [321
`of the recording medirnn.
`I
`lateral wave A wave. not predicted by geometrical optics. eir-
`cited at and propagated along the interface of two (possibly I'
`lossy) dielectric media. For sufficiently large distances from
`thesource. the magnitude oftlre field varies as the inverse
`square of the distance measured along the interface. Note
`Lateralwaveissitnilartothecompouedtofflieradioground,
`wave when the geometrical-optical component is sepamted
`out. see. also: Norton‘ surface wave.
`(AP/PROP) 211-199‘!
`liters] width (light distribution) The lateral angle between the -
`referencelineandtlieiiddthiine. measuredindteconeof
`er. Note: This angular width includes .
`maximum candlepow
`the line of maximum candlepower. See also. streetlighting
`luminaire.
`,
`,
`-
`.
`(EEC/1E) [126]
`lateral working space (cloctiic power distribution) The space
`reserved for working between conductor levels outside the 4
`climbing space. and to its right and led. See also: tower.
`.r
`(HT/AV) [34]
`late relay contacts Contacts that open or close after other con-
`tacts when the.relayis operated.
`-
`(EEC/REE) [87]
`LITeX A text-fmnattlng language based on TeX.
`-(C) 610.13-1993w :‘
`lattice (l) (navigation) A pattem of identifiable intersecting
`lines of position. which lines are laid down by a navigation ,
`_
`(ABS/RS) 636-1982s, [42]
`"I
`(2)Apsrtial ordering imposed on a structure ofmodel enti- -.
`ties.
`(SCCZO) 1232.1-1997 "
`lattice
`channeling (germanium gamma-ray detectors)
`(charged-particle detectors) (in a semiconductor radiation ;_'
`
`r
`
`.
`
`”
`
`aid. See also. navigation. conductor) A phenomenon that'resul'ts in a" crystallographic
`
`Page 6
`
`

`

`Trademarks and disclaimers
`
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`
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`
`The Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, USA
`
`Copyright © 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
`December 2000. Printed in the United States ofAmerica.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, Without
`
`theprior writtenpermission ofthepublisher.
`
`To order IEEE Press publications. call I -800—678-IEEE.
`
`TR
`
`2 000
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`3151122
`Print: ISBN 0-7381-2601-2
`See other standards and standardsérelateaproduct listings at:_htt15:/lstandards.ieee.org/Z W‘fi‘ l
`
`
`The publisher believes thdt'the information and guidance given in 'thisiwork‘serve'as'an enhancement to users,
`
`all parties must rely upon their own skill andjudgement when making use of it. The publisher does not assume
`
`
`any liability to anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work. whether such error
`»
`or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed.
`
`
` This work is published with the understanding that the IEEE is supplying information through this publication,
`
`not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance
`
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`of an appropriate professional should be sought. The IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions
`
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`advanced in this publication.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`
`IEEE 100 : the authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards tenus.——7th ed.
`p. cm.
`
`ISBN 0—7381-2601-2 (paperback: alk. paper)
`1. Electric engineering—Dictionaries. 2. Elect-onics—Dictionaries.3. Computer
`engineering—Dictionaries. 4. Electric engineering—Acronyms. 5. Electronics—Acronyms.
`6. Computer engineering—Acronym. 1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
`
`TK9 .128 2000
`
`621.3 '03—c1021
`
`00-05060]
`
`
`
`Page 7
`
`

`

`fractional error
`
`fractional fixed point
`
`455
`
`Frame relay
`
`vitehing systems) The wire
`sleeve wires) used for trans-
`sary in the establishment or
`(COM) 312-!977w
`oop performance) Consists
`:arrying signals in opposite
`(COMfI‘A) 820-19841-
`
`(PE) 599-1985w
`nission) A two-way circuit
`the electric waves are trans-
`one path and in the other
`lore: The transmission paths
`(PE) 599-1985w
`r pairs of conductors are set
`.th. See also: dial-up circuit;
`foreign exchange circuit.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`tdset having separate trans-
`
`(COMITA) 1206-1994
`ssion) A telephone repeater
`in which there are two cur-
`circuit and the other serving
`in the other side of the four-
`(PE) 599-[985w
`system consisting of three
`
`(PE/EDPG) 665—1995
`itching systems) Switching
`', or time interval for each
`(COM) 312-1977w
`ransmission) A hybrid set
`
`(PE) 599-1985w
`h four-wire circuits are ter-
`' interconnection with two-
`by which a four-wire equiv-
`
`(C) 610.7—1995
`\ small region at the center
`degrees, that contains cones
`
`(EEC/IE) [126]
`
`; A quantum-mechanical ef—
`through a barrier region in
`es and emerge in the con-
`sult of an extemaily applied
`(ED) 1005-1998
`
`irregular shape
`[1 three-dimensional shapes
`
`(C) 610.6-199lw
`arithmetic) The field of the
`
`(C/MM) 754-1985r
`In floating point arithmetic,
`that lies to the right of its
`1) 854—[987r, 1084—1986w
`ary numeral with the binary
`.1e left end, representing a
`(C) 1084-1986w
`.e magnitude of the ratio of
`(TMfl-iFl'M) 314—1971w
`
`fractional fixed point Pertaining to fixed-point numeration sys—
`tem in which each number is represented by a numeral with
`the radix point (expressed or implied) at
`the left end. All
`numbers greater than or equal to one must be scaled accord-
`ingly.
`(C) 1084-1986w
`fractional-horsepower brush (rotating machinery) A brush
`with a cross-sectional area of 1l4 square inch (thickness x
`width) or less and not exceeding 1 1/2 inches in length, but
`larger than a miniature brush and smaller than an industrial
`brush. See also: brush.
`(PE) [9]
`fractional-horsepower motor (rotating machinery) A motor
`built in a frame smaller than that of a motor of open construc—
`tion having a continuous rating of l horsepower at 1700—1800
`revolutions per minute. See also .' direct—current commutating
`machine; asynchronous machine.
`(PE) [9]
`fractional-slot Winding (rotating machinery) A distributed
`winding in which the average number of slots per pole per
`phase is not integral, for example 3 2/7 slots per pole per
`phase. See also: direct-current commutating machine; asyn-
`chronous machine.
`(PE) [9]
`fragility (nuclear power generating station) (seismic quali-
`fication of Class 1E equipment) (seismic testing of relays)
`Susceptibility of equipment to malfunction as the result of
`structural or operational limitations, or both.
`(SWGIPE/NP/PSR) 380-1975w, C37.9B-l977s, 344—19755,
`C37. 100-1992
`
`fragility level (nuclear power generating station) (seismic
`qualification of Class 1E equipment) (seismic testing of
`relays) The highest level of input excitation, expressed as a
`function of input frequency, that a piece of equipment can
`withstand and still perform the required Class 1E functions.
`(SWG/PE/PSR/NP) C37.98—1977s,C37.100-1992,
`C37.8l-1989r, 344~1975s
`fragility response spectrum (FRS) (nuclear power generat-
`ing station) (seismic qualification of Class 1E equipment)
`(seismic testing of relays) A TRS (test response spectrum)
`obtained from tests to determine the fragility level of equip-
`ment. See also: test response spectrum.
`'
`(SWG/PE/PSRJN'P) C37.98-19‘l7s, C37.81-1989r,
`344-19755, C37.100-I992
`Frame A unit of data transmission on an IEEE 802 LAN MAC
`that conveys a protocol data unit (PDU) between MAC Ser—
`vice users. There are three types of frame: untagged, VMN—
`tagged, and priority-tagged.
`(C/LM) 802.1Q—1998
`frame (1) (television) The total area, occupied by the picture,
`that is scanned while the picture signal is not blanked.
`(2) (facsimile) A rectangular area, the width of which is the
`available line and the length of which is determined by the
`service requirements.
`(BTICOMIAV) [34], 168-1956w
`(3) (test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment) A cross
`section of tape containing one bit in each channel and pos-
`sibly a parity bit. Synonym: tape line.
`(MIL) [2]
`(4) (data) (data transmission) A set of consecutive digit time
`slots in which the position of each digit time slot can be iden-
`tified by reference to a framing signal.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(5) (telecommunications circuits and systems) A cyclic set
`of consecutive timeslots in which the relative position of each
`timeslot can be identified.
`(COM/TA)
`lOO’l-l991r
`(6) A component of the module that provides structural sup-
`port and enhanced thermal performance.
`(C/BA) 1101.7-1995
`(7) (A) A group of digits transmitted as a unit that canies a
`protocol data unit on a network. (B) A unit of transmission
`at the data link layer or, sometimes. the physical layer.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(8) A set of consecutive time slots in which the position of
`each time slot can be identified by reference to a framing
`signal.
`(CfBA) 1393-1999
`(9) A transmission unit that carries a protocol data unit (PDU)
`on the ring.
`(C/LM) 8802-5-1998
`(10) (local area networks) The logical organization of con-
`trol and data fields (e.g., addresses, data, error check Se-
`(C) 8802-12-[998
`quences) defined for a MAC sublayer.
`
`(11)A continuous transmission of octets from one station
`[bedside communications controller (BCC) or device com-
`munications controller (DCC)] to the other station. A Physical
`layer frame is also referred to as a Physical layer protocol
`data unit (PhPDU). The Physical layer service data unit
`(PhSDU) passed between the Data Link layer and the Physical
`layer consists of the data octets portion of the frame. The
`PhSDU consists of an integral number of binary octets. The
`frame consists of these octets, plus other encoded symbols
`that are added by the Physical layer. For low-speed operation,
`each octet consists of a binary-encoded start bit, eight data
`bits, and a stop bit. The first octet of a low-speed frame con-
`sists of a flag octet. The last octet of a low-speed frame is
`"either a flag octet or an abort octet. For high-speed operation,
`each octet consists of eight Manchester biphase-encoded data
`bits. For high-speed operation, each octet also has a start de-
`limiter and either an end delimiter or an abort delimiter, in-
`dicating the beginning and end of individual frames, respec-
`tively. The operation of concatenating the delimiters to the
`data octets is performed by the Physical layer.
`(EMBIMIB) 1073.4.1-2000
`(C) 610.6-l991w
`(12) See also: display frame.
`(CILM) 802.1G-1996
`(13) See also: MAC frame.
`frame alignment The state in which the frame of the receiving
`equipment is synchronized with respect to that of the received
`signal.
`(COM/TA) lOO‘l-l991r
`frame alignment signal The distinctive signal(s) inserted in
`every frame or once in :1 frames, always occupying the same
`relative position(s) within the frame, and used to establish and
`maintain frame alignment.
`(COMfl‘A) 1007-1991r
`frame bits (f-bits) See also: frame alignment signal.
`(COMfl'A) 10074991;
`
`frame buffer See: bit map.
`frame check sequence (1) The field immediately preceding the
`closing delimiter of a frame. The FCS used is the 16 b poly-
`nomial defined by the cyclic redundancy check sequence
`specified by [TU-T (RC—ITU—T). This field allows the detec-
`tion of errors by the receiving station.
`'
`(EMBNIB) 1073.3.1-1994
`(2) A field in a bit-oriented protocol frame containing the re-
`mainder of the cyclic redundancy check calculation on the
`contents of the frame.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(3) (local area networks) A Cyclic Redundancy Check
`(CRC) used by the transmit and receive algorithms to detect
`errors in the bit sequence of a MAC frame.
`(C) 880242-1998
`frame check sequence error An error in which the frame check
`sequence value contained in a received frame does not match
`the frame check sequence value calculated by the receiver.
`See also: cyclic redundancy check.
`(C) 6101-1995
`framed plate (storage cell) A plate consisting of a frame sup-
`porting active material. Sec also: battery.
`(EECIPE) [[19]
`frame, DSl See: DSI frame.
`frame frequency (television) The number of times per second
`that the frame is scanned. See also: television.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`frame grabber An input device for digitizing, transferring and
`storing video frames, such as TV signals, in a computer. See
`also: frame store.
`(C) 610.10-[994w
`frame, intermediate distributing See: intermediate distribut-
`ing frame.
`frame, main distributing See: main distributing frame.
`frame rate (data transmission) The repetition rate of the
`frame.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`frame relay A fast packet switching technology that provides
`a virtual circuit service relaying variable-size frames but only
`employing physical layer and data link layer protocols. See
`also: cell relay.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`Frame relay The function of the Forwarding Process that for-
`wards frames between the Ports of a Bridge.
`‘
`(CILM) 802.1Q-1998
`
`Page 8
`
`