UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`______________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`______________
`
`
`
`FORD MOTOR COMPANY
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`PAICE LLC & ABELL FOUNDATION, INC.
`Patent Owner.
`
`______________
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00795
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00794
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00787
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00722
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00784
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00791
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00790
`______________
`
`
`
`NOTICE OF FILING FORD MOTOR COMPANY’S
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBITS
`(GROUP 1)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`______________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`______________
`
`
`
`FORD MOTOR COMPANY
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`PAICE LLC & ABELL FOUNDATION, INC.
`Patent Owner.
`
`______________
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00795
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00794
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00787
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00722
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00784
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00791
`IPR Case No.: IPR2015-00790
`______________
`
`
`
`NOTICE OF FILING FORD MOTOR COMPANY’S
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBITS
`(GROUP 1)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case Nos.: IPR2015-00795, -00794, -00787,
`-00722, -00784, -00791, and -00790
`
`
`
`Attached please find Ford’s demonstrative exhibits to be used at the trial
`
`hearing on June 28, 2016 at 9:00 AM in regard to Case Nos. IPR2015-
`
`00795, -00794, -00787, -00722, -00784, -00791, and -00790 (Group 1).
`
`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dated: June 24, 2016
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` /Frank A. Angileri /
`Frank A. Angileri (Reg. No. 36,733)
`BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C.
`1000 Town Center, 22nd Floor
`Southfield, MI 48075
`(248) 358-4400
`
`Lissi Mojica (Reg. No. 63,421)
`Kevin Greenleaf (Reg. No. 64,062)
`DENTONS US LLP
`1530 Page Mill Road, Suite 200
`Palo Alto, CA 94304-1125
`650 798 0300
`
`Attorneys for Petitioner
`
`
`1
`
`
`
`Case Nos.: IPR2015-00795, -00794, -00787,
`-00722, -00784, -00791, and -00790
`
`Certificate of Service
`
`The undersigned hereby certifies that on June 24, 2016, a complete and
`entire copy of NOTICE OF FILING FORD MOTOR COMPANY’S
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBITS (GROUP 1), was served via electronic mail by
`serving the correspondence email address of record as follows:
`
`
`BACK-UP COUNSEL
`Kevin E. Greene, Reg. No. 46,031
`Ruffin B. Cordell, Reg. No. 33,487
`Linda L. Kordziel, Reg. No. 39,732
`Brian J. Livedalen, Reg. No. 67,450
`3200 RBC Plaza
`60 South Sixth Street
`Minneapolis, MN 55402
`Tel: (202) 783-5070
`Email: IPR36351-0011IP5@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0011IP4@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP7@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP3@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP5@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP9@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP8@fr.com;
`
`Riffe@fr.com; Greene@fr.com
`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
` /Frank A. Angileri /
`Frank A. Angileri (Reg. No. 36,733)
`Brooks Kushman P.C.
`1000 Town Center, 22nd Floor
`Southfield, MI 48075
`
`Lissi Mojica (Reg. No. 63,421)
`Kevin Greenleaf (Reg. No. 64,062)
`Dentons US LLP
`1530 Page Mill Road, Suite 200
`Palo Alto, CA 94304-1125
`
`Attorneys for Petitioner
`
`2
`
`LEAD COUNSEL
`Timothy W. Riffe, Reg. No. 43,881
`3200 RBC Plaza
`60 South Sixth Street
`Minneapolis, MN 55402
`Tel: (202) 783-5070
`Email: IPR36351-0011IP5@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0011IP4@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP7@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP3@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP5@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP9@fr.com;
`
`IPR36351-0015IP8@fr.com;
`
`Riffe@fr.com; Greene@fr.com
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FORD DEMONSTRATIVES
`
`FORD MOTOR COMPANY, PETITIONER
`v.
`PAICE LLC & ABELL FOUNDATION, PATENT OWNERS
`
`Group 1 (Ibaraki ’882): IPR2015-00722, -784, -787, -790, -791, -794, -795
`Group 2 (PCT): IPR2015-00606 and IPR2015-00799
`Group 3 (Severinsky / Bumby): IPR2015-00758, -785, -792, -800, -801
`
`Before Sally C. Medley, Kalyan K. Deshpande,
`Carl M. DeFranco, and Jameson Lee
`Administrative Patent Judges
`Oral Argument: June 28-29, 2016
`
`(1)
`
`
`
`Overview of Ibaraki ’882 Issues
`
`Issue
`#
`CC Claim construction - “setpoint”
`CC Claim Construction – Paice’s
`“comparison” argument
`
`IPR-00722
`CC
`
`IPR-00784
`CC
`
`‘634 Patent
`IPR-00787
`CC
`
`IPR-00790
`CC
`
`IPR-00791
`CC
`
`‘347 Patent
`IPR-00794 IPR-00795
`CC
`CC
`
`CC
`
`CC
`
`CC
`
`CC
`
`CC
`
`CC
`
`CC
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 3
`
`1
`2
`
`5
`
`6*
`
`7
`
`Compare road load to setpoint
`Setpoint is substantially less
`than MTO
`3
`RL. . . Is more than the MTO
`4 Obviousness based on
`teachings of Ibaraki ’882
`Reason to combine Ibaraki
`‘882 and Ibaraki '626
`(a) Ibaraki ‘882 and Vittone
`disclose claimed limitation
`(b) Reason to combine Ibaraki
`‘882 and Vittone
`Reason to combine Ibaraki
`‘882 and Kawakatsu
`Reason to combine Ibaraki
`8
`‘882 and Suga
`9* Reason to combine Ibaraki
`‘882 and Yamaguchi
`10* Reason to combine Ibaraki
`‘882 and Frank
`11 Reason to combine Ibaraki
`‘882 and Jurgen/Lateur
`* - Board previously determined similar issue
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 5
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 5
`
`Ground 6
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 4
`
`Ground 3
`
`Ground 4
`
`Ground 3
`
`Ground 3
`
`Ground 6
`
`Ground 3
`
`Ground 3
`
`Ground 1
`
`Ground 4
`
`Ground 5
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 3
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 7
`
`Ground 2
`
`Ground 4
`
`Ground 6
`
`Ground 7
`
`(2)
`
`
`
`Claim Construction - “setpoint”
`The Board’s prior setpoint construction is correct:
`“a predetermined torque value that may or may not be reset”
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply at 2
`Ex. 1593 (1416 Decision) at 9
`
`Paice’s Proposed
`Construction:
`“a definite, but
`potentially variable
`value at which a
`transition between
`operating modes may
`occur.”
`
`IPR2015-00784
`POR at 7-11
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1593 (1416 Decision) at 8-9
`
`(3)
`
`
`
`Claim Construction – Paice’s “comparison” argument
`Paice’s “comparison” argument
`
`“a comparison of the RL to a setpoint
`(SP) results in a determination that”
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at Claim 80
`
`(4)
`
`
`
`Issue 1 – compare “road load” to ”setpoint”
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`ISSUE 1: Ibaraki ’882 compares “road load”/required
`torque to a “setpoint”
`Claim 1 (’347 Patent):
`...wherein said controller starts and operates said engine when torque
`require to be produced by said engine to propel the vehicle... is at least equal
`to a setpoint (SP) above which said engine torque is efficiently produced...
`IPR2015-00795
`Ex. 1301 (’347 Patent) at claim 1
`
`Claim 80 (’634 Patent):
`...operating at least one electric motor to propel the hybrid vehicle when the
`RL required to do so is less than a setpoint (SP)
`***
`operating an internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle to propel the
`hybrid vehicle when the RL required to do so is between the SP and a
`maximum torque output (MTO) of the engine
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at claim 80
`
`(5)
`
`
`
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`Issue 1 – compare “road load” to ”setpoint”
`Figure 11 selects operating modes based on the vehicle’s current required
`torque and speed IPR2015-00787, Reply at 4-6
`
`See also, Petition at 15-30
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1752 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 10
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1752 (Ibaraki ’882) at 23:66-24:21
`Ex, 1755 (Davis Dec) ¶¶163-171, see also 177-244
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1752 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 11 (annotated)
`
`(6)
`
`
`
`722/784/787/791/794 (Ground 1)
`Issue 1 – compare “road load” to ”setpoint”
`Figure 5 also discloses how an engine map can be used to select modes similar
`to the “data map” illustrated in Fig. 11.
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply at 10-12
`Ex. 1556, Davis at ¶¶238-240
`See also, Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶35-40
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 5
`See also, Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶35-36
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at 25:36-58 & 26:25-33
`
`(7)
`
`
`
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`Issue 1 – compare “road load” to ”setpoint”
`Paice’s power argument is not based on the figures nor disclosure of
`Ibaraki ’882
`IPR2015-00784, Reply 6-11
`See also, Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`Ibaraki ’882’s vehicle drive torque graph
`
`Paice’s alleged Ibaraki ’882 graph
`
`IPR2015-00784, POR at 38
`
`IPR2015-00784, Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 5 (annotated)
`
`Paice’s ’347/’634 patent graph
`
`Ibaraki ’882’s engine torque graph
`
`IPR2015-00784, POR at 28
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 5 (annotated)
`
`(8)
`
`
`
`The Ehsani textbook illustrates an “engine torque curve” (below left) as
`measured at the drive wheels (below right) after it is modified by a transmission
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply at 15-20
`
`Ehsani Textbook – Figure 2.11
`
`Ehsani Textbook – Figure 2.13
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1602 - Figure 2.11 (annotated)
`Ex. 2510 – Figure 2.11 (annotated)
`Reply 15-20; Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1602 - Figure 2.13 (annotated)
`Reply 15-20; Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`
`(9)
`
`
`
`Issue 1 – compare “road load” to ”setpoint”
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`Ibaraki ’882 discusses how an IC engine graph (Fig. 5) could be modified to
`embody the vehicle “data map” shown in FIG. 11
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply 9
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at
`19:24-32, Fig. 8 (cropped)
`See also Ex. 1556 (Davis
`Dec) at ¶348
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Fig. 5 (annotated)
`Reply 15-20; Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Fig. 11 (annotated)
`Reply 15-20; Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`
`(10)
`
`
`
`Issue 1 – compare “road load” to ”setpoint”
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`Even assuming Paice’s “power” argument, the challenged claims are obvious because
`“power = torque * speed” and component sizing is “not part of the claims, and thus, is
`irrelevant”
`
`IPR2015-00794 - Ex. 1401 (’347 Patent) at Claim 5
`See also IPR2015-00784– Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at Claim 12
`
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1462 (’884 Hannemann Dep – Ex. 11)
`
`IPR2015-00794, Reply 12-15
`Ex. 1449 (’1416 Decision) at 24
`Q. Could you draw me some examples of a
`setpoint that varies as a function of
`engine speed as recited in claim 5 of the
`'347 patent?
`A. Sure... Okay. Number 1 shows a straight
`line that’s gradually increasing in torque as
`the engine speed increases
`
`A. ... Number 2 isn't very artistic but it's
`intended to mimic the maximum torque
`output curve
`
`A. ... Number 3 is a straight line with gradually
`diminishing torque with engine speed
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1460 (’884 Hannemann Dep.) at 42:14-43:16
`Q. So with respect to curve 4 though that I've
`drawn, does that or does that not meet a
`setpoint that varies as a function of
`engine speed as recited by claim 5?
`A. So, yeah, I guess it technically meets
`that, that language.
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1460 (’884 Hannemann Dep.) at 44:17-24
`
`(11)
`
`
`
`Issue 2 – “substantially less” than MTO
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`ISSUE 2: Ibaraki ’882 discloses a setpoint that is
`substantially less than MTO
`Claim 1 (’347 Patent):
`...wherein said controller starts and operates said engine when torque
`require to be produced by said engine to propel the vehicle... is at least equal
`to a setpoint (SP) above which said engine torque is efficiently produced, and
`wherein the torque produced by said engine when operated at said
`setpoint (SP) is substantially less than the maximum torque output
`(MTO) of said engine.
`IPR2015-00795
`Ex. 1301 (’347 Patent) at claim 1 (emphasis added)
`
`Claim 80 (’634 Patent):
`...operating an internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle to propel the
`hybrid vehicle when the RL required to do so is between the SP and a
`maximum torque output (MTO) of the engine, wherein the engine is operable
`to efficiently produce torque above the SP, and wherein the SP is
`substantially less than the MTO
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at claim 80 (emphasis added)
`
`(12)
`
`
`
`Issue 2 – “substantially less” than MTO
`722/784/787/790/791/794/795 (Ground 1)
`Paice stated during prosecution: “It is of course admitted that the
`language ‘...substantially less than the maximum torque output of said
`engine’ is not mathematically precise”
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1562 (347 File History) at 22 (emphasis added)
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 5 (Annotated)
`Ex. 1556 (Davis Dec.) at ¶252-255
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 11 (Annotated)
`Ex. 1556 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶253-255
`
`(13)
`
`
`
`722/784/787/791/794 (Ground 1)
`Issue 3 – “RL... is more than the MTO”
`ISSUE 3: Ibaraki ’882 operates both the electric motor and
`engine above the engine’s “MTO”
`Claim 1 (’634 Patent):
`... operating both the at least one electric motor and the engine to propel the
`hybrid vehicle when the torque RL required to do so is more than the MTO.
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at claim 80
`
`Claim 23 (’347 Patent):
`... employing both said at least one electric motor and said engine to propel
`said vehicle when the torque RL required to do so is more than MTO
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1401 (’347 Patent) at claim 23
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1605 (’787 Hann. Dep.) at 97:6-14
`
`(14)
`
`
`
`722/784/787/791/794 (Ground 1)
`Issue 3 – “RL... is more than the MTO”
`Boundary line “C” illustrates the engine’s MTO as modified by the “transmission
`116” and as measured at the drive wheels
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply 19
`
`Ibaraki ’882 - Figure 11
`
`Ehsani Textbook – Figure 2.13
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Fig. 11 (annotated)
`Reply 15-20; Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1602 - Figure 2.13 (annotated)
`Reply 15-20; Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶15-34
`
`(15)
`
`
`
`722/784/787/791/794 (Ground 1)
`Issue 3 – “RL... is more than the MTO”
`Ibaraki ’882 discloses that Figure 5 operates the electric motor and engine
`when the torque required to propel the vehicle is “more than the MTO”
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply at 23
`Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶35-40
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at 25:36-58 & 26:25-33
`(highlighted)
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 5
`(annotated)
`
`(16)
`
`
`
`790 (Ground 2), 794 (Ground 2)
`Issue 4 – 20% ≤ setpoint ≤ 70%
`ISSUE 4: The challenged claims are obvious based on
`teachings of Ibaraki ’882 and the knowledge of a
`person having ordinary skill in the art
`Claims 13, 14, and 15 (’634 Patent):
`. . . the SP is at least approximately 20% of the MTO of the engine when
`normally-aspirated.
`. . . the SP is at least approximately 30% of the MTO of the engine when
`normally-aspirated.
`. . . the SP is less than approximately 70% of the MTO of the engine when
`normally-aspirated.
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1650 (’634 Patent) at claims 13, 14, 15
`
`Claims 29 (’347 Patent):
`. . . said setpoint SP is at least approximately 30% of MTO..
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1401 (’347 Patent) at claim 29
`
`(17)
`
`
`
`790 (Ground 2), 794 (Ground 2)
`Issue 4 – 20% ≤ setpoint ≤ 70%
`It was obvious to a skilled artisan to apply the teachings of Ibaraki ’882’s
`0.7ηICEmax setpoint to commonly known prior art IC engines
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Petition at 38-39
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1650 (Ibaraki ’882) at 25:36-65
`(highlighted)
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1650 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 5
`(annotated)
`
`(18)
`
`
`
`790 (Ground 2), 794 (Ground 2)
`Issue 4 – 20% ≤ setpoint ≤ 70%
`Based on the teachings of Ibaraki ’882, the “prior art” engine disclosed by the
`’634 Patent equates to a setpoint of ~36% MTO
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Petition at 38-39
`Ex. 1661 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶286-296
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1650 (‘634 Patent) at Fig. 1
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1661 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶286-300
`
`(19)
`
`
`
`790 (Ground 2), 794 (Ground 2)
`Issue 4 – 20% ≤ setpoint ≤ 70%
`Based on the teachings of Ibaraki ’882, the “prior art” engine disclosed by
`Masding/Bumby 1988 equates to a setpoint of ~33% MTO
`
`Masding/Bumby 1988
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Petition at 38-39
`Ex. 1661 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶279-285
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1654 (Masding/Bumby 1988) at Fig. 1
`Ex. 1661 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶279-285
`
`(20)
`
`
`
`722(G3), 790 (G6), 794 (G5) & 795 (G6)
`Issue 5 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882 + Ibaraki ’626
`ISSUE 5: The record shows that a skilled artisan had reason to
`combine the teachings of Ibaraki ’882 and U.S.
`6,003,626 (Ibaraki ’626)
`
`Claim 22 (’347 Patent):
`...said engine can be operated at torque output levels less than SP under
`abnormal and transient conditions, said conditions comprising starting and
`stopping of the engine and provision of torque to satisfy drivability or safety
`considerations.
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1401 (’634 Patent) at claim 22
`
`Claim 55 (’634 Patent):
`...operating the engine at torque output levels less than the SP under abnormal
`and transient conditions to satisfy drivability and/or safety considerations.
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1260 (’634 Patent) at claim 55
`
`(21)
`
`
`
`722(G3), 790 (G6), 794 (G5), & 795 (G6)
`Issue 5 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882 + Ibaraki ’626
`Ibaraki ’882 and Ibaraki ’626 disclose the same “normal” control strategy for
`a hybrid vehicle
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1265 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶417-421
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1262 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 10, 11 (annotated)
`Ex. 1263 (Ibaraki ’626) at Figure 3, 5 (annotated)
`
`(22)
`
`
`
`722(G3), 790 (G6), 794 (G5), & 795 (G6)
`Issue 5 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882 + Ibaraki ’626
`Ibaraki ’626 will operate in the same “normal” control strategy as Ibaraki ’882
`unless the electric motor is inoperable
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1265 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶422-425
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1263 (Ibaraki ’626) at Figure 3
`(annotated)
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1263 (Ibaraki ’626) at Figure 2
`Ex. 1320 (Davis Reply) at ¶42
`See also Petition at 49-51
`See also Ex. 1265 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶411-429
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1263 (Ibaraki ’626) at Figure 4
`(annotated)
`
`(23)
`
`
`
`787 (G2), 790 (G4), 794 (G3), 795 (G4)
`ISSUE 6: (a) The combination of Ibaraki ’882 and Vittone disclose limiting the
`rate of change of the engine using the electric motor
`(b) The record shows that a skilled artisan had reason to combine
`Ibaraki ’882 and Vittone
`
`Claim 241 ('634 Patent):
`controlling said engine such that combustion of fuel within the engine occurs
`substantially at a stoichiometric ratio, wherein said controlling the engine comprises
`limiting a rate of change of torque output of the engine; and
`if the engine is incapable of supplying instantaneous torque required to propel the
`hybrid vehicle, supplying additional torque from the at least one electric motor.
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1750 (’634 Patent) at claim 241
`
`(24)
`
`
`
`Issue 6a – “limiting a rate of change”
`787 (G2), 790 (G4), 794 (G3), 795 (G4)
`Vittone limits the rate of change of the engine torque between t1 and t3 so
`that the engine operates at a stoichiometric ratio IPR2015-00787
`
`Petition at 39-40
`Ex. 1755 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶305-306
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1753 (Vittone) at 26-27 (highlighted)
`Ex. 1755 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶ 51-54
`Ex. 1755 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶ 298, 302-304
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1753 (Vittone) at Figure 8 (annotated
`Ex. 1755 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶304-315
`
`(25)
`
`
`
`Issue 6b – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882 + Vittone
`787 (G2), 790 (G4), 794 (G3), 795 (G4)
`The suggested combination applies stoichiometric control in a hybrid vehicle
`to achieve the same results that was known for conventional vehicles
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Petition at 39, 41-43
`Ex. 1755 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶310-319
`
`Vittone discloses:
`“[R]educ[ing] the emissions both in transient and starting conditions, through an
`•
`appropriate control strategy.”
`“[S]toichoimetric control over the whole working range”
`•
`• Using motor to ensure engine operates at “stoichiometric combustion” during transients
`Objective of Ibaraki ’882:
`“reduction in the fuel consumption amount or exhaust gas amount of engine”
`•
`PHOSITA understood:
`• Engine transient conditions => “non-stoichiometric combustion”
`• Non-stoichiometric combustion => increased emissions/decreased fuel efficiency
`• Vittone discloses how a hybrid-electric vehicle can be operated to ensure “stoichiometric
`combustion”
`• Vittone’s solution requires a mere software modification
`
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1755 (Davis Dec) at ¶¶310-319
`Ex. 1809 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶41-53
`
`(26)
`
`
`
`790 (G3) & 795 (G3)
`Issue 7 – Reason to Combine Ibaraki ’882+Kawakatsu
`ISSUE 7: The record shows that a skilled artisan had a reason to
`combine the teachings of Ibaraki ’882 with 4,335,429
`(Kawakatsu)
`
`Claim 25 (’634 Patent):
`... total torque available to the one or more wheels from the engine is no greater
`than total torque available from the first and second electric motors combined.
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1650 (’634 Patent) at claim 25
`
`Claim 16 (’347 Patent):
`... the total torque available at the road wheels from said internal combustion
`engine is no greater than the total torque available from said first and second
`electric motors combined.
`IPR2015-00795
`Ex. 1301 (’347 Patent) at claim 16
`
`(27)
`
`
`
`790 (G3) & 795 (G3)
`Issue 7 – Reason to Combine Ibaraki ’882+Kawakatsu
`The suggested combination of prior art elements was understood to provide
`known benefits and predictable results
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1713 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶37-42
`Ex. 1661 (Davis Dec.) at ¶306-312
`
`Objective of Ibaraki ’882:
`• A hybrid-electric vehicle that provides a “reduction in the fuel consumption amount or
`exhaust gas amount of engine”
`PHOSITA understood:
`• Hybrid vehicles include both an electric motor and engine
`• Various engine sizes were available
`• A larger motor and smaller engine yields reduced fuel consumption gas emissions
`• A larger motor meets urban (i.e., city) driving requirements and satisfies governmental
`emission standards (e.g., 1990 Clean Air Act)
`• Changing the size of the motor/engine would require a mere software modification
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1713 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶37-42
`Ex. 1661 (Davis Dec.) at ¶306-312
`
`(28)
`
`
`
`722 (G3), 790 (G6) & 791 (G3)
`Issue 8 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882+Suga
`ISSUE 8: The record shows that a skilled artisan had a reason to
`combine the teachings of Ibaraki ’882 and U.S.
`5,623,104 (Suga)
`
`Claim 173 (’634 Patent):
`... said at least one electric motor is sufficiently powerful to provide acceleration
`of said vehicle sufficient to conform to the Federal urban cycle driving fuel
`mileage test without use of torque from the engine to propel the vehicle.
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1260 (’634 Patent) at claim 173
`
`(29)
`
`
`
`722 (G3), 790 (G6) & 791 (G3)
`Issue 8 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882+Suga
`The known technique of testing an electric vehicle’s “motor” is equally
`applicable to testing a hybrid-electric vehicle’s “motor”IPR2015-00722
`
`Ex. 1265 (Davis Dec.) at ¶463
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1264 (Suga) at Figure 3
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1265 (Davis Dec.) at ¶463
`
`IPR2015-00722
`Ex. 1264 (Suga) at Figure 6
`
`(30)
`
`
`
`787 (G3), 790 (G1), 794 (G1), 795 (G5)
`Issue 9 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882 + Yamaguchi
`ISSUE 9: The record shows that a skilled artisan had a reason to
`combine the teachings of Ibaraki ’882 and U.S. 5,865,263
`(Yamaguchi)
`
`Claim 267 (’634 Patent):
`... rotating the engine before starting the engine such that its cylinders are heated
`by compression of air therein.
`IPR2015-00787
`Ex. 1750 (’634 Patent) at claim 267
`
`Claim 4 (’634 Patent):
`... wherein to operate the engine, the controller is operable to start the engine via
`the first electric motor if the engine is not already running..
`
`IPR2015-00790
`Ex. 1650 (’634 Patent) at claim 4
`
`Claim 40 (’347 Patent):
`... said engine is rotated before starting such that its cylinders are heated by
`compression of air therein.
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1401 (’347 Patent) at claim 40
`
`(31)
`
`
`
`787 (G3), 790 (G1), 794 (G1), 795 (G5)
`Issue 9 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882 + Yamaguchi
`The suggested combination uses the known technique of preheating the
`engine to improve a hybrid vehicle’s engine in the same way
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1408 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶452-461
`Ex. 1465 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶55-56
`
`Yamaguchi discloses:
`• Pre-heating engine by rotating engine at speeds of 600 RPM before starting
`“exhaust gas amount is decreased and fuel consumption is improved”
`•
`Objective of Ibaraki ’882:
`“reduction in the fuel consumption amount or exhaust gas amount of engine”
`•
`PHOSITA understood:
`• Pre-heating engine or engine catalyst reduces engine emissions during a cold start
`• Preheated engine starts quicker
`• Yamaguchi’s pre-heating solution require a minor software
`
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1408 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶452-461
`Ex. 1465 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶55-56
`
`(32)
`
`
`
`Issue 10 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882/Frank
`784 (G2), 791 (G2), & 794 (G7) & 795 (G2)
`ISSUE 10: The record shows that a skilled artisan had a reason to
`combine the teachings of Ibaraki ’882 and U.S. 6,116,363
`(Frank)
`
`Claim 80 (’634 Patent):
`... wherein said operating the internal combustion engine to propel the hybrid
`vehicle is performed when:
`the RL>the SP for at least a predetermined time; or
`the RL>a second setpoint (SP2), wherein the SP2 is a larger percentage of
`the MTO than the SP;.
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at claim 80
`
`Claim 26 (’347 Patent):
`... employing said controller to monitor RL over time, and to control transition
`between propulsion of said vehicle by said engine to propulsion by said motor(s)
`such that said transition occurs only when RL<SP for at least a predetermined
`time.
`IPR2015-00794
`Ex. 1401 (’347 Patent) at claim 26
`
`(33)
`
`
`
`Issue 10 – Reason to combine Ibaraki ’882+Frank
`784 (G2), 791 (G2), & 794 (G7) & 795 (G2)
`Adding the known time-delay hysteresis would improve Ibaraki ’882 in the
`same way to achieve the same results
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Petition at 50-51
`
`It would have been obvious to combine the
`teachings of Ibaraki ’882 with Frank to
`avoid undesirable or excessive cycling of
`the IC engine that would result in:
`
`(1) damage to the engine, motor, and/or
`clutch mechanism;
`
`(2) increased exhaust emissions and
`reduced fuel efficiency due to unwanted
`starting/stopping of the engine; or
`
`(3) noise and vibration and harshness
`problems that would make the vehicle
`un-drivable
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Petition at 48-53
`Ex. 1556 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶372-390
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 11 (Annotated)
`Ex. 1556 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶378-379
`
`(34)
`
`
`
`Issue 11 – Obvious to add Cruise Control
`784 (G3), 791 (G4), & 794 (G6) & 795 (G7)
`ISSUE 11: The challenged claims are obvious based on the
`combination of Ibaraki ’882 with Jurgen and/or Lateur
`
`Claim 231 (’634 Patent):
`receiving operator input specifying a desired cruising speed;
`controlling instantaneous engine torque output and operation of the at least one
`electric motor in accordance with variation in the RL to maintain the speed of the
`hybrid vehicle according to the desired cruising speed.
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1550 (’634 Patent) at claim 231
`
`Claim 27 (’347 Patent):
`operating said controller to accept operator input of a desired cruising speed,
`said controller thereafter controlling the instantaneous engine torque output and
`operation of said motor(s) to supply additional torque as needed in accordance
`with variation in RL to maintain the speed of said vehicle substantially constant.
`IPR2015-00795
`Ex. 1301 (’347 Patent) at claim 27
`
`(35)
`
`
`
`Issue 11 – Obvious to add Cruise Control
`784 (G3), 791 (G4), & 794 (G6) & 795 (G7)
`Adding cruise control to Ibaraki ’882 is nothing more than applying a
`known technique for the same purpose to achieve the same benefit
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Reply at 28-29
`
`IPR2015-00784
`Ex. 1552 (Ibaraki ’882) at Figure 11 (annotated)
`Ex. 1556 (Davis Dec.) at ¶¶431-443
`Ex. 1609 (Davis Reply) at ¶¶42-44
`
`(36)
`
`
`
`Cross reference slide
`
`Cross-reference for Ibaraki ’882 Petitions
`
`634 Patent
`
`347 Patent
`
`Issue No. Slide No. Exhibit
`
`IPR-00722
`
`IPR-00784
`
`IPR-00787
`
`IPR-00790
`
`IPR-00791
`
`IPR-00794
`
`IPR-00795
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`6
`
`6
`
`6
`
`6
`
`882 Patent
`
`Ex. 1262 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1552 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1752 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1652 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1452 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1403 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1303 at
`23:66-24:21;
`Fig. 10; Fig. 11
`(annotated)
`
`Petition
`
`Petition at 16-
`31
`
`Petition at 21-
`26
`
`Petition at 15-
`30
`
`Petition at 27-
`32
`
`Petition at 15-
`29
`
`Petition at 3-5 Petition at 3-5
`
`Reply
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Reply at 4-6
`
`Davis Decl.
`
`Ex. 1265 at
`¶¶161-244
`
`Ex. 1556 at
`¶¶235-257
`
`Ex. 1755 at
`¶¶161-244
`
`Ex. 1661 at
`¶¶236-258
`
`Ex. 1455 at
`¶¶165-248
`
`Ex. 1408 at
`¶¶220-282
`
`Ex. 1308 at
`¶¶235-258
`
`(37)
`
`
`
`Cross reference slide
`
`Cross-reference for Ibaraki ’882 Petitions
`
`634 Patent
`
`347 Patent
`
`Issue No. Slide No. Exhibit
`
`IPR-00722
`
`IPR-00784
`
`IPR-00787
`
`IPR-00790
`
`IPR-00791
`
`IPR-00794
`
`IPR-00795
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`7
`
`7
`
`7
`
`7
`
`8
`
`882 Patent
`
`Ex. 1262 at Fig.
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex. 1552 at Fig. Ex. 1752 at Fig. Ex. 1652 at Fig. Ex. 1452 at Fig. Ex. 1403 at Fig. Ex. 1303 at Fig.
`5 (annotated),
`5 (annotated) ,
`5 (annotated) ,
`5 (annotated) ,
`5 (annotated) ,
`5 (annotated) ,
`5 (annotated) ,
`25:36-58,
`25:36-58,
`25:36-58,
`25:36-58,
`25:36-58,
`25:36-58,
`25:36-58,
`26:25-33
`26:25-33
`26:25-33
`26:25-33
`26:25-33
`26:25-33
`26:25-33
`
`Davis Decl.
`
`Ex. 1265 at
`¶¶210-213,
`217-220
`
`Ex. 1556 at
`¶¶238-240
`
`Ex. 1755 at
`¶¶210-213,
`218-220
`
`Ex. 1661 at
`¶¶239-241
`
`Ex. 1455 at
`¶¶214-217,
`221-223
`
`Ex. 1408 at
`¶¶185-187
`
`Ex. 1308 at
`¶¶238-241
`
`Davis Reply Ex. 1320 at
`¶¶35-40
`
`Ex. 1609 at
`¶¶35-40
`
`Ex. 1809 at
`¶¶35-40
`
`n/a
`
`Ex. 1513 at
`¶¶35-40
`
`Ex. 1465 at
`¶¶35-40
`
`n/a
`
`Reply
`
`Reply at 10-12,
`21-23
`
`Reply at 10-12,
`20-21
`
`Reply at 10-12,
`20-21
`
`Reply at 9-12 Reply at 10-12,
`19-20
`
`Reply at 8-11,
`17-18
`
`Reply at 8-11
`
`882 Patent
`
`Ex. 1262 at
`19:24-28
`
`Ex. 1552 at
`19:24-28
`
`Ex. 1752 at
`19:24-28
`
`Ex. 1652 at
`19:24-28
`
`Ex. 1452 at
`19:24-28
`
`Ex. 1403 at
`19:24-28
`
`Ex. 1303 at
`19:24-28
`
`(38)
`
`
`
`Cross reference slide
`
`Cross-reference for Ibaraki ’882 Petitions
`
`634 Patent
`
`347 Patent
`
`Issue No. Slide No. Exhibit
`
`IPR-00722
`
`IPR-00784
`
`IPR-00787
`
`IPR-00790
`
`IPR-00791
`
`IPR-00794
`
`IPR-00795
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`8
`
`8
`
`8
`
`8
`
`POR
`
`POR at 28, 39 POR at 28, 38 POR at 27, 38 POR at 27, 31 POR at 28, 39 POR at 25, 36 POR at 27, 31
`
`Ehsani
`
`Ex. 1313 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2261 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1313 at 38;
`Ex. 2261 at 15;
`Ex. 1313 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1602 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2510 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1602 at 38;
`Ex. 2510 at 15;
`Ex. 1602 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1802 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2711 at Fig.
`2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1802 at 38;
`Ex. 2711 at 15;
`Ex. 1802 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1706 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1706 at 38;
`Ex. 1706 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1506 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2411 at Fig.
`2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1506 at 38;
`Ex. 2411 at 15;
`Ex. 1506 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1458 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2410 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1458 at 38;
`Ex. 2410 at 15;
`Ex. 1458 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1358 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1358 at 38;
`Ex. 1358 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Reply
`
`Reply at 6-11 Reply at 6-11 Reply at 6-11 Reply at 5-9 Reply at 6-10 Reply at 5-9
`
`Reply at 5-9
`
`Davis Reply Ex. 1320 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1609 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1809 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1713 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1513 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1465 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1365 at
`¶¶15-34
`(39)
`
`
`
`Cross reference slide
`
`Cross-reference for Ibaraki ’882 Petitions
`
`634 Patent
`
`347 Patent
`
`Issue No. Slide No. Exhibit
`
`IPR-00722
`
`IPR-00784
`
`IPR-00787
`
`IPR-00790
`
`IPR-00791
`
`IPR-00794
`
`IPR-00795
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`9
`
`9
`
`9
`
`Reply
`
`Reply at 15-20 Reply at 15-20 Reply at 15-20
`
`Reply at 14-19 Reply at 17-20
`
`Davis Reply Ex. 1320 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1609 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1809 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1713 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1513 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1465 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1365 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ehsani
`Textbook
`
`Ex. 1313 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2261 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1313 at 38;
`Ex. 2261 at 15;
`Ex. 1313 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1602 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2510 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1602 at 38;
`Ex. 2510 at 15;
`Ex. 1602 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1802 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2711 at Fig.
`2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1802 at 38;
`Ex. 2711 at 15;
`Ex. 1802 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1706 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1706 at 38;
`Ex. 1706 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1506 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2411 at Fig.
`2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1506 at 38;
`Ex. 2411 at 15;
`Ex. 1506 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1458 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 2410 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1458 at 38;
`Ex. 2410 at 15;
`Ex. 1458 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`Ex. 1358 at
`Fig. 2.11
`(annotated);
`Ex. 1358 at 38;
`Ex. 1358 at
`Fig. 2.13
`(annotated)
`
`(40)
`
`
`
`Cross reference slide
`
`Cross-reference for Ibaraki ’882 Petitions
`
`634 Patent
`
`347 Patent
`
`Issue No. Slide No. Exhibit
`
`IPR-00722
`
`IPR-00784
`
`IPR-00787
`
`IPR-00790
`
`IPR-00791
`
`IPR-00794
`
`IPR-00795
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`10
`
`Davis Decl.
`
`Ex. 1265 at
`¶347
`
`Ex. 1556 at
`¶348
`
`Ex. 1755 at
`¶392
`
`Ex. 1661 at
`¶190
`
`Ex. 1455 at
`¶413
`
`Ex. 1408 at
`¶207-209
`
`Ex. 1308 at
`¶¶185-189
`
`10
`
`‘882
`
`Ex. 1262 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`Ex. 1552 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`Ex. 1752 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`Ex. 1652 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`Ex. 1452 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`Ex. 1403 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`Ex. 1303 at
`Fig. 5, Fig. 8,
`Fig. 11, 19:24-
`32
`
`10
`
`10
`
`Reply
`
`Reply at 6-11 Reply at 6-11 Reply at 6-11 Reply at 5-9 Reply at 6-10 Reply at 5-9
`
`Reply at 5-9
`
`Davis Reply Ex. 1320 at
`¶¶15-34
`
`Ex. 1609 at
`¶¶15-34
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