MICROSOFT PRESS®
`
`THE COMPREHENSIVE
`
`STANDARD FOR
`
`BUSINESS, SCHOOL,
`
`LIBRARY, AND HOME
`
`Micmsofl
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`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1010
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`MICROSOFT PRESS ®
`
`~OMPUTER
`CTIONARY
`- - -...... ~~ ..... · - - -
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`Copyright© 1991 by Microsoft Press, a division of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may
`be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without
`the written permission qf the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
`business, school, library, and home.
`p.
`em.
`ISBN 1-55615-231-0
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`QA76.15.M54 1991
`004.16'03--dc20
`
`91-9904
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`56789 MLML 65432
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division
`of Canada Publishing Corporation.
`
`Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin Books Ltd.
`Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
`Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
`
`British Cataloging-in-Publication Data available.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Marjorie Schlaikjer
`Project Editor: Mary Ann ]ones
`Technical Editors: David Rygmyr, Jeff Hinsch, Mary Dejong, Dail Magee, Jr.
`Manuscript Editor: Pamela Beason
`Copy Editor: Alice Copp Smith
`
`003
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`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1010
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`host
`
`m
`
`Huffman coding
`
`an image. See also CRT.
`host The main computer in a system of computers
`or terminals connected by communications links.
`host language The language supported by a par(cid:173)
`ticular computer system (the host) in the absence
`of additional software to create the support. Strictly
`speaking, this would normally be the CPU's ma(cid:173)
`chine language, but the term is sometimes applied
`to a high-level language that is specifically sup(cid:173)
`ported by the operating system, toolbox routines,
`and native development systems.
`hot carrier diode See Schottky diode.
`hot key A one- or two-keystroke command that
`switches the user to a different program-usually a
`memory-resident program, such as a pop-up calcu(cid:173)
`lator, notepad, phone dialer, or terminal emulator. A
`memory-resident program, also called a terminate(cid:173)
`and-stay-resident
`(TSR) program,
`loads
`into
`memory and stays out of the way until it's called on.
`When a user needs the TSR, the command for call(cid:173)
`ing it up is the hot key-typically an Alt key or
`Control key combination, although it can be almost
`any combination on the keyboard, such as left
`Shift-right Shift. The key is called "hot" because
`the program it switches to is ready and waiting-in
`effect, fully warmed up. In the MS-DOS world,
`some programs also let users hot key (as a verb)
`out to DOS. Others let users define hot keys to start
`up other programs with a single keystroke-for ex(cid:173)
`ample, to hot key to a word processor from within a
`communications program.
`hot spot The position in a mouse pointer that.
`marks the exact screen location that will be
`affected by a mouse action such as a button press.
`Regardless of its shape, a mouse pointer's hot spof
`is only a single pixel in size and represents only a
`small portion of the graphical mouse pointer
`shape-for example, the screen position at the tip
`of a pointer shaped like an arrow, the position at
`the intersection of the lines in a cross, or the posi(cid:173)
`tion at the tip of the pointing finger in a hand.
`housekeeping Any of various routines designed to
`keep the system, the environment within which a
`program runs, or the data structures within a pro(cid:173)
`gram itself in good working order. Housekeeping
`routines include periodically updating the clock,
`
`compacting the heap, and deallocating memory
`that is no longer needed.
`HPFS Acronym for High Performance File System, a
`file system available with OS/ 2 versions 1.2 and
`later. The HPFS supports long, mixed-case file(cid:173)
`names, exploits sophisticated data structures and
`several levels of caching to improve performance,
`and allows free-form information known as Ex(cid:173)
`tended Attributes (EAS) to be associated with files
`and directories.
`HPGL Acronym for Hewlett-Packard Graphics Lan(cid:173)
`guage, a language devised by Hewlett-Packard for
`storing graphical images. Originally developed for
`translates
`images destined for plotters, HPGL
`graphics into metafiles-files of instructions that a
`program can use to re-create the original image.
`HPGL graphics can be used by application pro(cid:173)
`grams if they have the ability to "understand" the
`HPGL format.
`HPIB Acronym for Hewlett -Packard Interface Bus.
`See general-purpose interface bus.
`HSB Acronym for hue-saturation-brightness, a color
`model used in computer graphics for describing
`color. Hue is the color itself as placed on a color
`wheel, where 0° is red, 60° is yellow, 120° is green,
`180° is cyan, 240° is blue, and 300° is magenta.
`Saturation is the amount of the color in the speci(cid:173)
`fied hue, often specified as a percentage from OOA>
`to 100%; for example, fire-engine red is a highly
`saturated color, and pink is not highly saturated.
`Brightness is the amount of white in the color,
`where 0% is black and lOOOA> is white. The HSB
`model is also called HSV (hue-saturation-value),
`(hue-lightness-saturation). Compare
`and HLS
`CMY, RGB; see also color model.
`HSV Hue-saturation-value. See HSB.
`hue In the HSB color model, one of the three char(cid:173)
`acteristics used to describe a color (the other two
`being saturation and brightness); the attribute that
`most readily distinguishes one color from other
`colors. Hue is determined by the frequency of a
`wave of light in the visible spectrum. Compare
`brightness, saturation; see also color model, HSB.
`Huffman coding A method of compressing a given
`set of data based on the relative frequency of the
`individual elements: The more often a given ele-
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