001
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`001
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`[1] Official
`Hayes M9der_n
`Commun_IcatIons
`Companion
`
`by Caroline M. Halliday
`
`Foreword and Introduction by
`Dennis Hayes
`President and Founder
`
`Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc.
`
`lllll
`
`IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`
`An International Data Group Company
`
`San Mateo, California + Indianapolis, Indiana + Boston, Massachusetts
`
`002
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`002
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`Ofiicial Hayes Modem Communications Companion
`
`Published by
`IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`An International Data Group Company
`155 Bovet Road, Suite 310
`San Mateo, CA 94402
`
`Text and art copyright © 1994 by IDG Books Worldwide. All rights reserved. No part of this book
`may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying,
`recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 9475047
`ISBN: 1-55884-072-1
`
`Printed in the United States of'Arr1erica
`
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
`
`1C/QU/RZ/ZU
`
`Distributed in the United States by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`
`Distributed in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a Division of Canada Publishing Corporation; by
`Computer and Technical Books in Miami, Florida, for South America and the Caribbean; by
`Longman Singapore in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Korea; by Toppan Co. Ltd. injapan;
`by Asia Computerworld in Hong Kong; by Wootlsiane Pty. Ltd. in Australia and New Zealand;
`and by Transword Publishers Ltd. in the U.K. and Europe.
`
`For general information on IDG Books in the U.S., including information on discounts and
`premiums, contact IDG Books at 800-762-2974 or 415-31240650.
`
`For information on where to purchase IDG Books outside the U.S., contact Christina Turner at
`415-312-0633.
`
`For information on translations, contact Marcjeffrey Mikulich, Foreign Rights Manager, at IDG
`Books Worldwide; FAX NUMBER 415-358-1260.
`
`For sales inquiries and special prices for bulk quantities, write to the address above or call IDG
`Books Worldwide at 415-312-0550.
`
`Lirnit of Liabi.l.ity/Disclaimer of Warranty: The author and publisher have used their best efforts
`in preparing this book. IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., International Data Group, Inc., and the
`author make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the
`contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or
`fitness for any particular purpose and shall in no event be liable for any loss of profit or any other
`commercial damage, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other
`damages.
`
`Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered
`trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders. IDG Books Worldwide is not associated
`with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
`
`Hayes and the Hayes logo are registered trademarks of Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc.
`
`illlll
`
`is a registered trademark
`of IDG Booksworlclwide, Inc.
`
`The text in this book is printed on
`recycled paper.
`
`003
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`003
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`Foreword and Introduction to the Book
`
`Part |:An Armchair Tour
`
`Chapter I: A Guide to Using This
`Changing World .................................................................................................................. .. 10
`What Is in This Book ........................................................................................................... ..12
`What Is Not in This Book .................................................................................................... .. 13
`How the Parts Fit Together ................................................................................................. ..14
`Keys to Finding Information ............................................................................................... .. 15
`The sidebars .................................................................................................................. .. 15
`The questions ............................................................................................................... ..15
`Thejigsaw puzzle .......................................................................................................... .. 16
`Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................................... .. 18
`
`Chapter 2: Understanding the Communications World
`Defining Communications .................................................................................................. ..22
`The Potentiai for Communications .................................................................................... ..24
`Databases ...................................................................................................................... ..25
`Messages ........................................................................................................................ ..2-3
`Chatting ........................................................................................................................ ..30
`Technology potential ................................................................................................... .. 31
`What You Need to Communicate ....................................................................................... ..3‘.?.’
`
`Chapter 3: Understanding the Technology....................................36
`Introducing Modem Communications .............................................................................. ..38
`Introducing a modem .................................................................................................. ..38
`Linking the computer to the modern ......................................................................... ..41
`Introducing the link between two modems ................................................................ ..42
`Introducing Communications Software ............................................................................. ..-44
`Introducing Fax Machine Communication .........................................................................46
`Introducing Fax Modem Software ...................................................................................... ..48
`Introducing Remote Control Software .............................................................................. .. 50
`Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................................... ..51
`
`004
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`004
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
` Official Hayes Modem Communications Companion
`
`,
`
`,.
`
`..
`
`._
`
`_
`
`.\
`
`_.
`
`Part II: Communications Basics
`
`Chapter 4: Selecting Your Equipment .......
`
`....
`
`.....
`
`...........56
`
`Serial Ports, RS232, and Telephone Essentials
`Telephone line
`Serialportessentials
`Port addresses, interrupts, andnames
`ChoosingaModem
`Choosing a data modern, fax modem, or combined unit
`Choosing the rnodem’s form factor
`Selecting
`Modem communications standards
`
`Selecting
`Choosing a FaxModem
`Considering sendingdocuments
`Considering receiving documents
`Choosing a fax modern’s formfactor
`Choosing fax modem compatibility and cornlnunications standards......................... 86
`Fax modemextras
`
`Choosing CommunicationsSoftware
`Installing Your Equipment andSoftware
`
`Chapter 5: Understanding Your Data Modem
`
`Preparing toCommunicate
`Knowing where you are calling andhow
`Choosing character
`Understanding transmission
`Understanding terminal emulation
`Issuing Commands to a Modem108
`Verifiring thatyour modem is there (AT)
`111
`Making your modem go offhook (ATH1)
`Making your modem dial (AT1))
`Getting result codes (ATQ and ATV)
`Making your modem hang up (ATI-I)
`Resetting your modem (AT2)
`
`Communicating
`Disconnecting
`
`005
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`005
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`Chapter 6: Understanding File Transfer
`
`I24
`
`126
`Extending Your Communication to Include File
`File Compression (Zipped Files) ...................................................................................... ..128
`File-Transfer Protocols ...................................................................................................... .. 129
`ASCII ........................................................................................................................... ..130
`XMODEM ................................................................................................................... ..131
`XMODEM variations .................................................................................................. ..132
`YMODEM .................................................................................................................... ..132
`ZMODEM ................................................................................................................... ..133
`
`Other protocols .......................................................................................................... ..134
`Selecting a File-Transfer Protocol .................................................................................... .. 136
`When to use ASCII ..................................................................................................... .. 136
`
`Which protocol to choose .......................................................................................... ..136
`
`Chapter 7: Understanding Your Fax Modem
`
`I38
`
`Preparing to Communicate .............................................................................................. ..140
`Sending 21 Fax Document .................................................................................................. ..142
`Preparing your fax modem to send a fax document ............................................... ..1-<12
`Knowing whom to call ................................................................................................ ..1-43
`Knowing what to send ................................................................................................ ..143
`Preparing the fax document ..................................................................................... ..14-1
`Connecting to send .................................................................................................... ..146
`Receiving a Fax Document .................................................................................................14'7
`Preparing to receive a fax document ........................................................................ ..147
`Connecting to receive ..................................................................................................1r-19
`Knowing what you have received .............................................................................. .. 150
`Printing your fax document ...................................................................................... .. 151
`Converting your fax document ................................................................................. ..151
`
`Part III: Survival and Efficiency Tools
`
`154
`
`I56
`Chapter 8: Beyond the
`Making the Most oi-"Your Equipment ............................................................................... .. 158
`Understanding Modem Features ...................................................................................... .. 159
`Understanding Communications Software Features ...................................................... ..162
`Understanding Fax Features ............................................................................................. .. 16’?
`Understanding Fax Software Features ............................................................................. .. 168
`Understanding Remote Control Software ....................................................................... .. 170
`Understanding Special Situations .................................................................................... ..1'72
`
`Table of Contents
`
`006
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`006
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
` Omcial Hayes Modem Communications Companion or.-
`
`c:-
`
`-.1:
`
`:2
`
`-1::
`
`1.22
`
`.3
`
`<2
`
`=‘-.~.-
`
`5;
`
`2')
`
`:2
`
`an
`
`:5
`
`at
`
`'2
`
`Chapter 9: Making the Most of Your Modern and Software
`
`I74
`
`176
`Reconfiguring Your Modern and Software
`Modem typeselection
`Finding whatyour modern cando
`Understanding
`Reading S-registers
`Changing an
`ValuableCommands
`
`Modifying your dial command
`Monitor for
`Repeat the last command
`Adjusting speakervolume
`Understanding InitializationStrings
`Understanding Profiles
`Viewing the stored profile190
`Storing a newprofile
`Selecting the factory default profile
`192
`Selecting a stored profile on power up
`Resetting yourmodem
`Connecting at an Optimum Speed
`193
`Dialing the correctnumber
`Understanding modem speed and compression
`195
`Knowing what your modem is doing196
`
`Chapter I0: Streamlining Your Communications
`
`.....204
`
`Taking Advantage ofconvenient
`Capturing
`Dialing
`Dialing features
`Automating the Communications
`Understanding keymacros
`Using script files
`Understanding offline mail readers
`
`Chapter I I: Makingthe Most of Your Fax Modem230
`Essentials for Fax Software
`Exploiting Your Fax Software Features
`Knowingwhat you
`Reconfiguring your fax modem
`File formatoptions
`Adding a company logo
`Streamlining Your Fax Sending andReceiving
`Document organization
`Transaction logs
`
`007
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`007
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`Mailing lists ................................................................................................................. .. 242
`Mail merging .............................................................................................................. .. 25-3
`Scheduling fax delivery .............................................................................................. .. 2-.-4
`
`Chapter I2: Special-Purpose Communications...........................246
`Understanding and Using Host Mode ............................................................................. .248
`Understanding Remote Control Software .........................................................................249
`Comrnunicating with a Macintosh .................................................................................... .. 255
`Using Your Modern on the Road ...................................................................................... .. ‘256
`International Communication .......................................................................................... .. 260
`
`Part IV:The Online World Tour...................264
`
`Chapter I3: Choosing the Data Source266
`Introduction to Online Databases .................................................................................... ..268
`Understanding message-based services ..................................................................... .. 273
`Understanding information-exchange services ........................................................ .. 274
`Understanding information-searching sewices ........................................................ .. 275
`Different Connections ....................................................................................................... ..277
`Understanding packet-switching network access ..................................................... .. 277
`Linking with the world ............................................................................................... .. 278
`
`284
`Chapter I 4: BBSs for Everyone
`Uriderstancling B-BS5 ...........................................................................................................286
`Understanding local BBSs ......................................................................................... .. 288
`Understanding national BBSs ................................................................................... .. 291
`Chat boards ................................................................................................................. .. 292
`Messaging boards ....................................................................................................... .293
`File library boards ....................................................................................................... .293
`Technical support boards .......................................................................................... .. 296
`Association and government agency boards ............................................................ .297
`Overview of Your First Encounter with a BBS ................................................................. .. 297
`Five-Minute Tour ofa BBS ................................................................................................ .299
`One—Minute Look at a Graphical BBS .............................................................................. ..305
`What to Look for on a BBS ............................................................................................... ..306
`Organization ............................................................................................................... .. 306
`Invaluable files ............................................................................................................ ..307
`File exchange with a BBS ........................................................................................... ..309
`Desirable extras for messages .................................................................................... .. 310
`
`to:5G
`Table of Cont
`
`‘'
`
`
`008
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`008
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
` Ofiicial Hayes Modem Communications Companion
`
`_,
`
`__
`
`_ .
`
`__
`
`f
`
`_
`
`|
`
`OOOIUOICCOOOIOIIOiOIUUOIIIflOII IOII IOIII IOIll 3 | 2
`
`Understanding E-Mail
`Internal e-mail
`E-mail via online services
`E-mail via commercial mail service
`A BriefTour of MCI Mail
`
`Sending amessage
`Reading amessage
`Getting
`Ancillary services
`Automating your
`
`Chapter I6: Information-Exchange Services
`
`Understanding Inf0rrnaLi0n—Exchange
`Introduction to Graphical Services
`
`America Online
`A brief tour 0fAmerica Online
`
`Introduction to Text-Based Data Exchange Services
`CompuServe
`
`339
`
`Genie
`
`Delphi
`A brieftour ofCompuServe
`
`Chapter I7: The Internet
`
`Understanding the Internet
`Typical Features on the Internet
`Getting Access to the Internet
`Typical Utilities for Navigatingthe
`Telnet
`
`Finger and Whois
`FTP and RCP
`
`Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS)
`World Wide Web (WWW)
`
`009
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`009
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`Chapter I8: Information-Searching Services...............
`Understanding Information-Searching Services ............................................................. ..362
`Dowjones News Retrieval .........................................................................................."364
`DataTimes ................................................................................................................... ..365
`Dialog .......................................................................................................................... .366
`A brief tour of the Dowjones News Retrieval .......................................................... .. 367
`A brief tour of Dialog ................................................................................................. ..3'72
`Choosing a Service ............................................................................................................ ..376
`
`Part V: Appendixes
`
`Appendix A: AT Command Set
`AT Command Descriptions .............................................................................................. ..383
`Result Code Descriptions .................................................................................................. ..39U
`Negotiation Progress Result Codes ....................................................................................391
`S—Register Descriptions ...................................................................................................... ..392
`
`Appendix B: Resource Guide to Popular Online Services..........395
`BBSs .................................................................................................................................... .395
`Messaging Services ............................................................................................................. ..402
`Information Exchange Services .......................................... ..- ............................................ .. 402
`Information Searching Services ..........................................................................................-403
`
`Appendix C: Guide to Smartcom for Windows LE
`Installing Smartcom for Windows LE ............................................................................... ..406
`Registering Smartcom LE ................................................................................................. ..408
`Starting Smartcorn LE ....................................................................................................... .. 409
`Accessing Online Help ...................................................................................................... ..409
`Calling the Online With 1-[ayes BBS ................................................................................. ..409
`Creating a Communications Document .......................................................................... ..410
`Selecting the communications port .......................................................................... ..410
`Quick Settings ............................................................................................................. ..=l11
`Selecting the type of terminal emulation ................................................................. ..411
`Selecting the type of file—transfer protocol ............................................................... ..412
`Entering the remote syste1n‘s phone number .......................................................... ..412
`Saving Your Communications Document ........................................................................ A13
`Placing the Call .................................................................................................................. ..413
`Using the Phone Book ...................................................................................................... ..414
`Logging Off Your Remote System Connection ..............................................................."415
`Exiting Srnartcom LE ........................................................................................................ A15
`Running SCOPE Scripts .................................................................................................... ..415
`
`Table of Contents I‘ .
`
`010
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`010
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
` Official Hayes Modem Communications Companion
`
`__
`
`._
`
`Appendix D: I00 Most Frequently Asked Questions
`
`I 9
`
`cocoon-ootattnnnooncocoon0uooonaocn-sounoon0099009900010constantsoonoocoat:taaualoonooounocnoooooc
`
`Hayes Microcomputer Products, inc.
`‘j
`
`nnoonoouInououon-no-caoonoonaon
`
`WarrantyPeriod
`Statement ofcopyright Restrictions
`Service
`
`IDG Books Worldwide License Agreement
`
`Installation Instructions for Smartcom for Windows LE ...........462
`
`Reader Response Card
`
`of Book
`
`011
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`011
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`
`
`012
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`012
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`Understanding the
`Communications World
`
`This chapter introduces the concept of human communica-
`tions and te|ecommunications.You will learn about the
`
`following topics:
`
`Q» Understanding human communications
`
`Q» Understanding telecommunications
`
`Q» Appreciating the many reasons for
`
`communicating
`
`Q» Knowing what you need to communicate
`
`013
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`013
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
` Part I: An Armchair Tour.___
`
`_.
`
`__
`
`__
`
`Defining Communications
`
`As humans, we no longer depend on our ability to hunt, kill, and keep away animal_
`predators but instead have established an elaborate set of social skills and methods of
`interacting for survival. In many ways, we still use our hunting and survival skills, but we
`depend heavily on communications rather than actually killing our prey. We typically
`define successful people as those who have made better business decisions, can
`manage more people, and have accumulated more money. The respected “tribal”
`leader is no longer the man who has killed the most animals, but now is the person
`who has the most control of money, people, and data.
`
`We also continue to be social animals and communicate in many different ways. The
`most obvious is speech, but mime, body language, and the written word are also
`important elements, as well as the more recent radio, television, and computer
`communication.
`
`Data wmmunicat-ions, or ielemmmunications, where information is transferred between
`
`two computers, is a logical extension of human communications skills. We are by
`nature inquisitive and have extended our skills, moving from semaphore to telegraph,
`telephone, and the current computer electronics era. There is little doubt that this
`evolution will continue, and the next generation will have even more data at its
`fingertips.
`
`Communications on a computer can seem like a daunting field that you will never
`understand. Even a PC expert may find all the new terminology intimidating. How-
`ever, once you have learned a couple of basic items, PC communications is easier to
`understand than many other PC concepts.
`
`Before discussing computer communications, let‘s briefly consider human communi-
`cation in general. These analogies illustrate successful and unsuccessful communica-
`Lion. As I introduce you to the various telecommunications techniques throughout the
`rest of the book, I will restate the “human " equivalent so that you have a quickly
`understandable comparison.
`
`Let's first consider communication between two people. One person signals in a way
`that must be understood by the receiving person. Despite the apparent simplicity of
`this scenario, many different parameters need to be satisfied for successful communi-
`cation. For example, the two people need to be within earshot, speak the same
`language, and be ready to listen and talk to each other.
`
`In conversation, the sending and receiving often occurs at the same time in both
`directions. One person smiles as the other says something funny, or one person’s
`
`014
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`014
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`blood pressure rises as another person shouts abuse. You have direct feedback as to
`whether your message is being received as you desire and, if necessary, can alter your
`response until the desired effect is found.
`
`As humans, our speech involves a lot of body language, voice intonation, and other
`signals that impart more than the words themselves. Some forms of communication
`remove some of the human senses and reduce the ease of communication. For example,
`the telephone removes sight from the interchange. Unless the receiving person
`provides verbal feedback, you cannot tell whether your message is being understood
`or misinterpreted. Some people, including myself, continue to use hand signals while
`on the telephone even though they cannot be heard or seen by the receiver.
`
`Other forms of communication can still involve two people but are less direct, such as
`letter writing. One person writes a letter and mails it; at a later time, the recipient
`reads the letter. Parameters similar to those for direct communication must be
`
`satisfied, such as language barriers and correct routing of information (equivalent to
`being within earshot). This indirect approach can also have problems if that informa-
`tion is lost along the way or misinterpreted or if the situation changed between its
`being sent and received.
`
`Mail, like the telephone, removes senses from the communication, both sound and
`vision. However, its indirectness—the information is not read as soon as it is written-
`is a tremendous advantage. You can read what you have written before sending it and
`reconsider your phrasing. Ultimately, however, the indirectness means you are unable
`to see the recipient’s immediate reaction.
`
`Strictly speaking, books are also a form of communication that involves two people.
`The author has written material that is mass produced and read at a later time. As
`before, the communication requires correct routing of information and no language
`barrier, but you can also look at this form of communication in a different way.
`
`The author has gathered and arranged related material that is intended to be seen as
`a single entity by the reader. A major application for telecommunications involves the
`electronic equivalent of a library. You browse through “book” titles and select topics of
`interest so that you can withdraw books or abstracts from books for later reading. In
`this communications example, the emotional response of the reader is less important
`than the usefulness of the material itself. The best communication is achieved by the
`“library" that has the most accurate and accessible indexing system.
`
`Most types of communication are variations on the three basic forms: conversation,
`mail, and books. These have direct equivalents in telecommunications: chatting,
`messaging, and databases.
`
`_ Chapter 2: Understanding the Communications World
`
`
`
`015
`
`Facebook/lnstagram Ex
`
`.1009
`
`015
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
` Part I: An Armchair Tour:
`
`-:
`
`-:.
`
`.-:;
`
`=3
`
`:2
`
`<.-
`
`-1:
`
`e.
`
`-,-:-
`
`4‘
`
`-'5
`
`c.
`
`-.‘-.'=
`
`7::
`
`2':
`
`‘.4
`
`<‘.'
`
`:1:
`
`.7.
`
`<3;
`
`5:
`
`r_-
`
`r-
`
`~
`
`2';
`
`tr
`
`-'.-1
`
`The Potential for Communications
`
`We.bster’s Ninth New Collegiate Did-ionmy defines telecammunisatian as “communication at a
`distance (as by telephone or television)” and teleconference as “a conference among
`people remote from one another who are linked by telecommunication devices (as
`telephones, televisions, or computer terminals) .”
`
`Although accurate, this definition only hints at tile reality and potential for telecom-
`munications with your PC. Even if you know little about computers, you can appreciate
`the potential by considering what you can do with television and existing technology.
`The telecommunication problems you will run into have parallels with typical tele-
`phone, television, and VCR use.
`
`You can use an antenna and pick up local television stations, or you can connect to a
`cable television company and pick up more stations. Ifyou use a satellite dish, how-
`ever, you have many more television stations from all around the world available at the
`click of a button (or two).
`
`Not only can you get access to more television stations, but with newer televisions, you
`can also watch more than one channel at once, get better quality sound, bigger (and
`smaller) pictures, and automate your watching by having the television turn off after a
`predefined time or blocking out specific channels.
`
`If you add a VCR, your resources multiply. You can watch prerecorded tapes, record
`your own tapes, watch the television while recording another channel, get higher
`resolution pictures on your television, and program the VCR to turn on and off
`automatically. Now add a video camera, and you can videotape your family and friends,
`record events that are remote from your VCR, and bring them into your home.
`
`Each of these devices has more options and gizmos each model year, and whatever you
`buy now will be outdated in a couple of years. lfyou wait a while before purchasing,
`you will be able to do more things than present equipment will permit. However, while
`you wait, you are missing out on many possibilities.
`
`Teiecommunications on your PC is comparable. Armed with a modem, communica-
`tions software, and a phone line, Wu have access to limitless resources bounded only
`by your imagination. The field is so wide that generalizations are essential.
`
`As discussed previously, communications can be divided into three main topics:
`speech, mail, and books. Telecommunications has equivalents: chatting, messaging,
`and databases.
`
`016
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`016
`
`Facebook/Instagram Ex. 1009
`
`

`
`You can use your modem, communications software, and phone line to communicate
`with another modem that is attached to another computer. You can, for example, call
`a friend or business colleague. Depending on your communications software, you can
`“chat" with your friend by typing on your keyboard and waiting for him to type a
`response, send a message to the other computer so that your business colleague will
`read it when she returns to her computer, transfer files between the two computers, or
`look something up on your friend’s computer.
`
`However, except in special circumstances, you are unlikely to want to communicate
`only with a particular friend. All a