1298_BIFMA_Cvr 2/6/03 1:27 PM Page 1
`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`GENERAL-PURPOSE OFFICE CHAIRS - TESTS
`
`The Industry Voice for Workplace Solutions
`
`General-Purpose Office Chairs - Tests
`
`American National Standard for Office Furniture
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
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`
`1298_BIFMA_Cvr 2/6/03 1:27 PM Page 2
`
`American National Standard
`
`Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due
`process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the standards developer.
`
`Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial
`agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means
`much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and
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`
`The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect
`preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, pur-
`chasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.
`
`The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give
`an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority
`to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Stan-
`dards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose
`name appears on the title page of this standard.
`
`CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The
`procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaf-
`firm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Parties interested in American National Standards, may receive
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`NOTICE ON FORMAT AND STYLE: The format and style of this document differs form ANSI style as
`specified in the ANSI Style Manual for Preparation of Proposed American National Standards. This style
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`Published by
`
`Copyright ® 2003
`All rights reserved
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
`without prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`American National Standard
`for Office Furniture
`
`General-Purpose Office Chairs - Tests
`
`Sponsor
`
`BIFMA International
`2680 Horizon Drive SE Suite A1
`Grand Rapids, MI 49546-7500
`Phone: (616) 285-3963
`FAX: (616) 285-3765
`email@bifma.org
`
`Approved December 31, 2002
`American National Standards Institute
`
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`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Foreword
`
`The material presented in this standard was developed as a result of the efforts of the members
`of BIFMA International and reviewed by a broad representation of interested parties, government
`organizations and commercial testing and procurement and interior design organizations.
`
`This standard defines specific tests, laboratory equipment, conditions of test, and recommended
`minimum levels to be used in the test and evaluation of the performance, durability, and structural
`adequacy of general-purpose office chairs.
`
`The original work on this standard was completed in May 1974 by the BIFMA Engineering
`Committee and, particularly by its Subcommittee on Chair Standards. During the periods from
`February 1983 through January 1984, March 1990 through April 1993, and again from September
`1997 to October 2002, the Subcommittee on Chair Standards conducted reviews of the standard
`to ensure that the tests accurately describe the proper means of evaluating the safety, durability,
`and structural adequacy of general-purpose office chairs. The reviews produced revisions
`and/or additions to the various test procedures that improve the procedures and provide
`consistency. The revisions were submitted to the membership of BIFMA International and
`approved in December 2001. A canvass of interested parties and stakeholders was conducted
`in accordance with the requirements of an ANSI accredited standards developer. After
`completion of the canvass process, the standard was subsequently submitted to the American
`National Standards Institute for approval as an American National Standard. Approval by ANSI
`was given on December 31, 2002.
`
`Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. The suggestions should be sent
`to BIFMA, International, 2680 Horizon SE, Suite A1, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.
`
`2
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`
`Contents
`
`Section................................................................................................................Page
`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
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`4
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`5
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`6
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`7
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`8
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`9
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`10
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`11
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`12
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`13
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`14
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`15
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`16
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`17
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`18
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`19
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`20
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`21
`
`22
`
`23
`
`Scope ...........................................................................................................5
`
`Definitions.....................................................................................................6
`
`General ........................................................................................................8
`3.1
`Types of Tests ...................................................................................8
`3.2
`Manufacturer’s instructions................................................................9
`3.3
`Figures ..............................................................................................9
`3.4
`Figure Symbols ...............................................................................10
`3.5
`Measurements.................................................................................10
`3.6
`Tolerances......................................................................................10
`3.7
`Recommended Test Report Format ................................................11
`
`Types of Chairs..........................................................................................13
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type I .....................................................18
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static- Type II & III ...............................................23
`
`Base Test - Static.......................................................................................27
`
`Drop Test - Dynamic...................................................................................29
`
`Swivel Test - Cyclic....................................................................................33
`
`Tilt Mechanism Test - Cyclic .......................................................................35
`
`Seating Durability Tests - Cyclic.................................................................37
`
`Stability Tests .............................................................................................41
`
`Arm Strength Test - Vertical - Static ..........................................................47
`
`Arm Strength test - Horizontal - Static........................................................49
`
`Backrest Durability Test - Cyclic - Type I....................................................53
`
`Backrest Durability Test - Cyclic - Type II and Type III................................61
`
`Caster/Chair Base Durability Test - Cyclic..................................................67
`
`Leg strength Test - Front and Side Application..........................................72
`
`Footrest Durability Test - Vertical - Cyclic..................................................75
`
`Arm Durability Test - Cyclic .......................................................................77
`
`Out Stop Tests for Chairs with Manually Adjustable Seat Depth...............79
`
`Tablet Arm Static Load Test. ......................................................................81
`
`Tablet Arm Load Ease Test - Cyclic ...........................................................83
`
`3
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`APPENDIX A...........................................................................................................84
`
`Table
`
`1
`
`Test Guide by Chair Type...........................................................................14
`
`Figures
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
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`10
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`11
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`12
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`13
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`14
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`15
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`16
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`17
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`18
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`19
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`20
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`21
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`22
`
`23
`
`No Figure. (The figures start at Figure 4 to align with section numbers)
`
`No Figure.
`
`No Figure.
`
`Types of Chairs..........................................................................................12
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static-Type I ................................................. 15-17
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static- Type II & III ......................................... 20-22
`
`Base Test - Static.......................................................................................26
`
`Drop Test - Dynamic...................................................................................28
`
`Swivel Test - Cyclic....................................................................................32
`
`Tilt Mechanism Test - Cyclic .......................................................................34
`
`Seating Impact Tests – Cyclic and Front Corner Load-ease............. 36 & 38
`
`Stability Tests and Fixtures ................................................... 40, 42, 43 & 44
`
`Arm Strength Test - Vertical - Static ..........................................................46
`
`Arm Strength Test - Horizontal - Static.......................................................48
`
`Backrest Durability Test - Cyclic - Type I............................... 50, 51, 52 & 56
`
`Backrest Durability Test - Cyclic - Type II and Type III........... 58, 59, 60 & 64
`
`Caster/Chair Base Durability Test - Cyclic......................................... 66 & 68
`
`Leg Strength Test - Front and Side Application................................. 70 & 71
`
`Footrest Durability Test - Vertical - Cyclic..................................................74
`
`Arm Durability Test - Cyclic ........................................................................76
`
`Out Stop for Chairs with Manually Adjustable Seat Depth.........................78
`
`Tablet Arm Static Load Test .......................................................................80
`
`Tablet Arm Load Ease Test - Cyclic ...........................................................82
`
`4
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`American National Standard
`for Office Furnishings
`
`General-Purpose Office Chairs -
`Tests
`
`1
`
`Scope
`
`This standard is intended to provide manufacturers, specifiers, and users with a common basis
`for evaluating the safety, durability, and structural adequacy of general-purpose office chairs.
`General-purpose office chairs are normally used in an office environment and may include, but
`are not limited to those seating styles typically referred
`to as: executive/management,
`task/secretarial, side/guest chairs, stacking chairs, tablet arm chairs and stools.
`
`This standard describes the means of evaluating general-purpose office chairs, independent of
`construction materials, manufacturing processes, mechanical designs or aesthetic designs. This
`standard does not address lounge seating, flammability, surface material durability, cushioning
`materials, product emissions, or ergonomic considerations.
`
`The standard defines specific tests, the laboratory equipment that may be used, the conditions of
`tests, and the minimum acceptance levels to be used in evaluating general-purpose office chairs.
`The acceptance levels given in this standard are based on the actual field use and test
`experience of BIFMA International members.
`
`The tests in this standard are intended to assess the performance of new products only. They
`are not intended to assess a product that has been in use.
`
`5
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`2.4
`2.5
`
`2.9
`
`2.10
`
`2.11
`
`2.12
`2.13
`
`2.6
`2.7
`2.8
`
`Definitions
`2
`Note: Refer to BIFMA PD-1 Industry Product Definitions for related terms not included in this
`standard. Otherwise, the common dictionary definition shall be used for terms not defined in this
`section or in BIFMA PD-1.
`acceptance level: The performance level required to pass the test.
`2.1
`appropriate rate: Any rate that avoids resonant frequencies or excessive heating.
`2.2
`back stop position: The position of the unit when the unit's tilt mechanism first contacts
`2.3
`its rearward mechanical stop, regardless of the force on the backrest.
`CMD: The BIFMA Chair Measuring Device used for the measurement of seating products.
`CMD-1 Chair Measurement Procedure: A universal procedure for the BIFMA Chair
`Measuring Device.
`cpm: Abbreviation for cycles per minute.
`counterbalancing force: A force or influence that offsets an opposing force.
`cycle: A complete operation of loading and unloading or of stress reversal; to open and
`close; one complete revolution; to operate in a cyclic manner.
`force: A vector quantity, expressed in newtons (N) or pounds force (lbf.) that may
`produce an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application.
`form-fitting device: A device that distributes a force over a 305 ± 13 mm x 89 ± 13 mm
`(12 ± 0.5 in. x 3.5 ± 0.5 in.) area of a backrest. The device will be shaped to approximate
`the contours of the chair backrest.
`front stop position: The position of the unit when the unit's tilt mechanism first contacts
`its forward mechanical stop.
`functional load: The level of loading or force considered typical of hard use.
`IFD: Indentation Force Deflection. See Method B1, Indentation Load Deflection Test, in
`Methods of testing flexible cellular materials - Slab, bonded, and molded urethane foams,
`ASTM D 3574-01.
`lbf.: Abbreviation for pounds-force. The corresponding unit in the SI (Systeme
`International) system is the newton (N).
`load: The weight to which a structure is subjected; a weight or force applied to a product;
`force acting on a surface, usually caused by the action of gravity.
`load-bearing structure/surface: Any element that supports loads during use. Foam
`and fabric, for example, are not generally considered load-bearing surfaces, nor are some
`portions of waterfall edges.
`loss of serviceability: The failure of any component to carry its intended load or to
`perform its normal function or adjustments.
`lounge seating: Free standing seating that is intended for use in public spaces such as
`waiting, reception, or lounge areas. It is generally not adjustable for personal use.
`
`2.14
`
`2.15
`
`2.16
`
`2.17
`
`2.18
`
`6
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`2.22
`
`2.23
`
`2.24
`
`2.19 manufacturer's instructions: Instructions for assembly, operation, and/or maintenance
`supplied by the manufacturer to the customer.
`2.21 N (newton): a unit of force in the SI (Systeme International) System, also known as the
`Metric system.
`normal use condition: For consistency, the midpoint of any adjustment range, such as
`the height adjustment or counter balancing force adjustment unless otherwise specified in
`the test method.
`pedestal base: A base that supports a chair by a single central structural member such
`as a spindle.
`pivoting backrest: A backrest that rotates on a horizontal axis above the height of the
`seat.
`proof load: The level of loading or force in excess of hard use.
`spindle: A vertical axis or shaft supporting a chair.
`stool: A chair with a seat height greater than 584 mm (23 in.), intended to allow the user to
`sit at standing-height work surfaces such that the user’s feet are not supported by the
`floor.
`tablet arm: A surface attached to a chair which has the primary function to support tasks
`such as writing and short-term reference material handling. These surfaces typically do
`not have independent support legs and are not intended to support a person’s weight.
`test platform: The horizontal hard work surface, (concrete or other unyielding surface)
`on which the chair to be tested is placed during testing.
`2.30 worst-case condition: The product and/or condition (i.e. size and construction of a given
`unit type) most likely to be adversely affected by an individual test or testing sequence.
`
`2.25
`2.26
`2.27
`
`2.28
`
`2.29
`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`7
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`3
`
`General
`
`Types of Tests
`3.1
`3.1.1 The testing and evaluation of a product against this standard may require the use of
`materials and/or equipment that could be hazardous. This document does not purport to address
`all the safety aspects associated with its use. Anyone using this standard has the responsibility
`to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish health and safety practices in conjunction
`with any applicable regulatory requirements prior to its use.
`3.1.2 The types of tests to be employed fall into the following general categories:
`a) Static load applications;
`b) Dynamic load applications;
`c) Durability and/or life cycle testing.
`3.1.3 The tests described in this standard, other than the specifically identified component tests
`(i.e., base loading) are intended to evaluate the entire chair assembly, including the base, tilt
`mechanism, height adjustment device, locking/adjustment mechanisms, seat/backrest attachment,
`etc.
`3.1.4 Each manufacturer’s model or unit type in any configuration shall comply with applicable
`requirements when tested in accordance with this standard. Only worst-case models need to
`be tested for a specific unit type. A worst-case condition shall be representative of all models or
`units of the type tested. If “worst-case condition” is not readily evident, a case-by-case product
`line analysis by the manufacturer in consultation with the designated testing facility may be
`necessary, taking into consideration any special attributes, methods of construction, materials,
`and/or design features, etc.
`3.1.5 The test methods included in this standard require the use of fixtures and/or load
`adapters to perform the tests. Some products and/or constructions may need special test
`fixtures, load adapters, etc., to perform these tests in a manner that meets the intent of the
`standard. This is especially true of products with complex articulation of joints, unique motions
`or adjustments, or non-traditional use of materials. The users of this standard are encouraged to
`develop appropriate fixtures and/or test variations that more accurately simulate application of
`loads, etc., for given unique products in a manner that reflects actual use. Fixtures, load
`adapters, etc., shall not add structure or provide support to the product being tested. Any
`deviations from the test methods/fixtures or special testing considerations shall be noted in the
`test report (see Section 3.7). Independent/consumer testing facilities may need to consult with
`product manufacturers to assure any special conditions are considered during testing.
`
`8
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`3.1.6 It is not intended that all of the tests in this standard be conducted on a single unit. The
`tests may be performed on a series of units at the discretion of the manufacturer. When a test
`requires a functional load and a proof load be applied as part of the test criteria, the functional
`and proof loads shall be applied to the same component or unit.
`
`3.1.7 Table 1 indicates the tests that shall be performed on each type of chair, as defined in
`Section 4.
`
`3.1.8 The tests may be conducted in any sequence.
`
`3.2
`
`Manufacturer's Instructions
`
`Where supplied, manufacturer’s assembly instructions shall be followed during the initial
`assembly or set up of the chair. When a manufacturer recommends specific instructions or
`maintenance adjustments that may be required in order to keep the product in good operating
`condition, unless otherwise specified by these test procedures, the manufacturer’s assembly,
`operating and maintenance instructions shall be followed.
`
`3.3
`
`Figures
`
`Figures provided in this standard are intended as guidelines only and may not be representative
`of all possible test configurations.
`
`(Continued)
`
`9
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`3.4
`
`Figure Symbols
`
`= FORCES
`
`= EVENLY DISTRIBUTED FORCE
`
`= TEST WEIGHT
`
`= SECURED OR CLAMPED TO TEST PLATFORM
`
`= HORIZONTAL MOTION PREVENTED
`
`3.5
`
`Measurements
`
`The BIFMA Chair Measurement Device (CMD) is recommended for use in determining applicable
`setup measurements. In order for measurements to be "universally" acceptable, only Chair
`Measuring Devices (CMD) built to BIFMA specifications may be used. The specifications and
`CMD are available from BIFMA International.
`
`3.6
`
`Tolerances
`
`Unless otherwise specified, tolerances on test equipment, measuring equipment and loading
`devices, shall be:
`
`Test Weights, Forces, Velocities, and Time, ± 5%
`•
`Linear measurements, ± 1.5 mm (1/16 in.),
`•
`• Angles, ± 5 degrees
`•
`Level, within 5 mm per meter (1/16 in. per linear foot)
`• Cycle requirements are minimums.
`
`Test weights, forces, dimensions, angles, times, rates and velocities shall be targeted at the
`nominal values specified.
`
`10
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`
`3.7
`
`Recommended Test Report Format
`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`3.
`
`4.
`5.
`
`When a test report is required, the following information should be included:
`1.
`A title: (i.e., "Test Report");
`2.
`Name and address of the laboratory, and the location where the tests were carried out, if
`different from the address of the laboratory;
`Unique identification of the report (such as serial number) and on each page an
`identification in order to insure that the page is recognized as part of the test report and a
`clear identification of the end of the test report;
`Name and address of the client (where applicable);
`Description and unambiguous identification of the item tested (i.e., model number,
`manufacturing date, etc.);
`Characterization and condition of the test item;
`6.
`Date of receipt of the test item;
`7.
`Date(s) of the performance of test;
`8.
`Identification of the test method used;
`9.
`10. Any additions to, deviations from, or exclusions from the test method (such as
`environmental conditions);
`11. The name(s), function(s) and signature(s) , or equivalent identification of the person(s)
`authorizing the test report;
`12. Where relevant, a statement to the effect that the results relate only to the items tested;
`13. Date of issue of the report;
`14. Test results with, where appropriate, the units of measurement and a statement of
`compliance/non-compliance with requirements and/or specifications;
`15. A statement that the report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written
`approval of the laboratory.
`
`11
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Figure 4a - Type I – Tilting Chair
`
`Figure 4b - Type II - Fixed seat angle, tilting backrest
`
`Figure 4c - Type lll - Fixed seat angle, fixed backrest
`
`12
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`4
`
`Types of Chairs
`
`To accommodate a wide variation in chair designs, it may be necessary to apply the tests to
`various types of chairs.
`
`If a product can be classified as more than one chair type, it shall be tested under all applicable
`classifications. For example, a chair with a locking tilt mechanism would be classified as both a
`Type l (when the seat is unlocked) and Type lll chair (when the seat is locked).
`
`The following classification of types and features of chairs provides standard product
`identification:
`
`Chair Type:
`
`Type I. Tilting chair:
`A chair with a seat that tilts with a counterbalancing force. Chairs of this
`type are typically referred to as synchro-tilt, center-tilt, knee-tilt, etc.
`(See Figure 4a)
`
`Type II. Fixed seat angle, tilting backrest:
`A chair that provides a fixed seat angle with a tilting backrest.
`(See Figure 4b)
`
`Type lll. Fixed seat angle, fixed backrest:
`A chair that provides a fixed seat angle with a fixed backrest.
`This may include chairs with legs, including sled base chairs.
`(See Figure 4c)
`
`13
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`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`TABLE 1 – Test Guide by Chair Type
`
`Section
`Number
`
` Description
`
`Type I
`
`Type II
`
`Type III
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`
`10
`
`11
`
`12
`
`13
`
`14
`
`15
`
`16
`
`17
`
`18
`
`19
`
`20
`
`21
`
`22
`
`23
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type l
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type II & III
`
`Base Test - Static
`
`Drop Test - Dynamic
`
`Swivel Test - Cyclic
`
`Tilt Mechanism Test - Cyclic
`
`Seating Durability Test - Cyclic
`
`Stability Tests
`
`Arm Strength Test - Vertical - Static
`
`Arm Strength Test - Horizontal - Static
`
`Backrest Durability Test - Cyclic - Type I
`
`Backrest Durability Test - Cyclic - Type II and
`Type III
`Caster/Chair Base Durability Test - Cyclic
`
`Leg Strength Test - Front and Side Application
`
`Footrest Durability Test - Vertical - Cyclic
`
`Arm Durability Test - Cyclic
`
`Out Stop Tests for Chairs with Manually
`Adjustable Seat Depth
`Tablet Arm Static Load Test
`
`Tablet Arm Load Ease Test - Cyclic
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`14
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`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Height above seat
`using CMD
`
`Figure 5a - Height Determination
`Backrest Strength Test - Static – Type l
`
`Form-fitting load
`device
`
`406 mm (16.0 in.)
`
`Figure 5b - Positioning of Form-Fitting Device for Backrests Higher than 452 mm
`(17.8 in.) Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type I
`
`15
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Less than 452 mm (17.8 in.)
`height above seat
`
`Form-fitting device
`
`Device even with top of
`load bearing structure
`
`Figure 5c - Positioning of Form-Fitting Device for Backrests Lower than 452 mm
`(17.8 in.) Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type l
`
` Vertical
`
` > 30°
`
`Direction of
`force
`
` 90°± 10°
`
`Pivot point of pivoting - type
`backrest
`
`Figure 5d - Force Application for Backrests that Pivot Greater than 30°
`Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type l
`
`16
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Position per ¶5.3
`
`90°± 10°
`
`Direction of
`force
`
`Figure 5e - Force Application for All Other Backrests
`Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type l
`
`17
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`5
`
`Backrest Strength Test - Static - Type l (See Figures 5a through 5e)
`
`Applicability
`5.1
`This backrest strength test shall be performed on Type I chairs. For chairs with tilt locks, locking
`the chair changes the chair type (See Section 4) and must also be tested according to Section 6
`in the upright locked position. An additional chair may be used for the Section 6 testing.
`5.2
`Purpose of Test
`The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the chair to withstand stresses such as
`those caused by the user exerting a rearward force on the backrest of the chair.
`5.3
`Test Setup
`5.3.1 The chair shall be placed on a test platform in an upright position and the base shall be
`restrained from movement, but shall not restrict movement of the backrest or arms of the
`chair. Figure 5e shows one acceptable method of restraining the chair.
`5.3.2 If adjustable features are available, all adjustments shall be set at normal use conditions,
`except for height-adjustable pivoting backrests which shall have the pivot point set at its
`maximum height or 406 mm (16.0 in.) whichever is less.
`5.3.3 After making the above adjustments, determine points 406 mm (16 in.) and 452 mm (17.8
`in.) above the seat. (See Figure 5a). Mark these points on the vertical centerline of the
`backrest.
`a)
`If the top of the load-bearing structure/surface of the backrest is greater than or
`equal to 452 mm (17.8 in.) above the seat, position the center of the form-fitting
`device (See Definition 2.10) 406 mm (16 in.) above the seat. (See Figure 5b).
`If the top of the load-bearing structure/surface of the backrest is less than 452 mm
`(17.8 in.) above the seat, position the top of the form-fitting device even with the top
`of the load-bearing structure/surface. (See Figure 5c).
`If the unit has a pivoting backrest rest that stops at a position less than or equal to 30
`degrees rearward of vertical (with the support structure in its most upright position),
`position the form-fitting device as directed in a) or b). If the unit has a pivoting
`backrest that stops at a position greater than 30 degrees rearward of vertical (with
`the support structure in its most upright position), position the center of the form-fitting
`device at the height of the pivoting point. (See Figure 5d).
`
`c)
`
`b)
`
`18
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`5.3.4 Attach a loading device (front push or back pull) to the horizontal center of the backrest
`as determined above. The force shall be applied 90° ± 10° to the plane of the backrest(s)
`when at the back stop position. (See Figure 5e). If applying the load with a cable and
`pulley system, the cable must initially be a minimum of 750 mm (30 in.) in length from the
`attachment point to the pulley. Note: Where the design of the chair does not allow the
`transfer of force(s) from the loading device to the load-bearing structure/surface, a
`bridging device not exceeding 89 ± 13mm (3.5 ± 0.5 in.) in height may be used to span
`the width of the load-bearing structure/surface. The plane of the backrest may be
`defined by the front of the CMD upright.
`Test Procedures
`5.4
`5.4.1 Functional Load
`a) A force of 890 N (200 lbf.) shall be applied to the backrest at the backstop position for
`one (1) minute. If the backrest/tilt lock mechanism will not accept the load due to
`gradual slipping of the adjustment mechanism during the load application, set the
`backrest to its most rearward (stopped) position, then apply the specified load(s).
`b) Remove the load and evaluate the product in accordance with the acceptance level in
`5.5.1.
`5.4.2 Proof Load
`a) A force of 1334 N (300 lbf.) shall be applied to the backrest at the backstop position
`for one (1) minute. If the backrest/tilt lock mechanism will not accept the load due to
`gradual slipping of the adjustment mechanism during the load application, set the
`backrest to its most rearward (stopped) position, then apply the specified load(s).
` b) Remove the load and evaluate the product in accordance with the acceptance level in
`5.5.2.
`Acceptance Level
`5.5
`5.5.1 Functional Load
`There shall be no loss of serviceability to the chair.
`5.5.2 Proof Load
`There shall be no sudden and major change in the structural integrity of the chair. Loss of
`serviceability is acceptable.
`
`19
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Height above seat
`using CMD
`
`Figure 6a - Height Determination
`Backrest Strength Test - Static – Type ll and lll
`
`Form-fitting device
`
`406 mm (16.0 in.)
`
`Figure 6b - Positioning of Form-Fitting Device for Backrests Higher than 452 mm
`(17.8 in.) Backrest Strength Test - Static – Type ll and lll
`
`20
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
` Form-fitting device
`
` Less than 452 mm (17.8 in.)
` height above seat
`
`Device even with top of
`load bearing structure
`
`Figure 6c - Positioning of Form-Fitting Device for Backrests Lower than 452 mm
`(17.8 in.) Backrest Strength Test - Type Il and lll
`
`Vertical
`
` > 30°
`
`Direction of
`force
`
`90°± 10°
`
`Pivot point of pivoting – type
`backrest
`
`Figure 6d - Force Application for Backrests that Pivot Greater than 30°
`Backrest Strength Test - Static – Type ll and lll
`
`21
`
`Sauder Exhibit 2050
`JSquared Inc. v Sauder Manufacturing Co.
`IPR2015-00774
`
`

`
`ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2002
`
`Position per ¶6.3
`
`Direction of
`force
`
`90°± 10°
`
`Position per ¶6.3
`
`Direction of
`force
`
`90°± 10°
`
`Figure 6e Force Ap