OVER m
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`10,000
`ENTRIES
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`Microsoft
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`Computer
`ictionaryi
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`Fifth Edition
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`° Fully updated with the latest
`technologies, terms, and acronyms
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`..I
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`“I
`I
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`' Easy to read, expertly illustrated
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`a Definitive coverage of hardware,
`software, the lnternet, and more!
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 1
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`

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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.——5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`
`l. Computers—-Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputersfichtionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03--dc21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by HE. Penn and Company Ltd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informar
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936—7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoftcom/mspress.
`Send comments to mspz'npnt@micmsqft.com.
`
`Active DeSktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, DirectSD, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotrnail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e—mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e—mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. KGB-41929
`
`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 2
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 2
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`

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`Introduction ............................................................................... vii
`Changes in the Fifth Edition ............................................................... vii
`Order ofPresentation .................................................................... vii
`Entries................................................................................ vii
`Farm‘s Primings and Editions .............................................................. ix
`
`Dictionary of Computer Terms. . . . . . . . . . . .
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`. . . 1
`
`Appendix A:
`Common Character Sets .................................................. 587
`ANSI Character Set ............................................................. 587
`
`Apple Macintosh Extended Character Set ........................................... 593
`IBM Extended Character Set ..................................................... 597'l
`
`EBCDIC Character Set .......................................................... 599
`
`Appendix B:
`Common File Extensions ................................................. 605
`
`Appendix c:
`Instant Messaging Emoticons and Acronyms ................................. 613
`
`Appendix D:
`Internet Domains ....................................................... 623
`
`Appendix E:
`
`Numeric Equivalents .................................................... 631
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 3
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 3
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`input/output—bound adj. Characterized by the need to
`
`spend lengthy amounts of time waiting for input and out—
`
`put of data that is processed much more rapidly. For exam~
`
`ple, if the processor is capable of making rapid changes to
`
`a large database stored on a disk faster than the drive
`
`
`input/output 11. The complementary tasks of gathering
`data for a computer or a program to work with, and of
`making the results of the computer’s activities available to
`the user or to other computer processes. Gathering data is
`usually done with input devices such as the keyboard and
`the mouse, while the output is usually made available to
`the user via the display and the printer. Other data
`resources, such as disk files and communications ports for
`the computer, can serve as either input or output devices.
`Acronym: 1/0.
`
`
`
`avoiding the need for separate file opening operations,
`inline graphics can speed the access and loading of an
`HTML document. Also called: inline image.
`
`inline image n. An image that is embedded within the
`text of a document. Inline images are common on Web
`pages. See also inline graphics.
`
`inline processing n. Operation on a segment of low-level
`program code, called inline code, to optimize execution
`speed or storage requirements. See also inline code.
`
`inilne stylesheet n. A stylesheet included within an
`HTML document. Because an inline stylesheet is directly
`associated with an individual document, any changes
`made to that document’s appearance will not affect the
`appearance of other Web site documents. Compare linked
`stylesheet.
`
`inline subroutine n. A subroutine whose code is copied
`at each place in a program at which it is called, rather than
`kept in one place to which execution is transferred. Inline
`subroutines improve execution speed, but they also
`increase code size. Inline subroutines obey the same
`syntactical and semantic rules as ordinary subroutines.
`
`lnmarsat n. Acronym for International Maritime Satel—
`lite. Organization based in London, England, that operates
`satellites for international mobile telecommunications ser-
`vices in more than 80 nations. Inmarsat provides services
`for maritime, aviation, and land use.
`
`inner join a. An operator in relational algebra, often
`implemented in database management. The inner join pro
`duces a relation (table) that contains all possible ordered
`concatenations (joinings) of records from two existing
`tables that meet certain specified criteria on the data values.
`It is thus equivalent to a product followed by a select
`applied to the resulting table. Compare outer join.
`
`inoculate vb. To protect a program against virus infection
`by recording characteristic information about it. For exam-
`ple, checksums on the code can be recomputed and com-
`pared with the stored original checksums each time the
`program is run; if any have changed, the program file is
`corrupt and may be infected. See also checksum, virus.
`
`P g
`P
`re ram
`Input1 11. Information entered into a com uter or
`for processing, as from a keyboard or from a file stored on
`a disk drive.
`
`input area it. See input buffer.
`
`input-bound adj. See input/output—bound.
`
`input buffer 11. A portion of computer memory set aside
`for temporary storage of information arriving for process;
`ing. See also bufferl.
`
`input channel it. See input/output channel
`
`input device :1. A peripheral device whose purpose is to
`allow the user to provide input to a computer system.
`Examples of input devices are keyboards mice, joysticksp
`and Styluses. See also peripheral.
`input driver n. See device driver.
`
`input language n. 1. A language to be inputted into the i
`system through the keyboard, a speech—tovtext converter,
`or an Input Method Editor (IME). 2. in Microsoft Win-
`dows XP, a Regional and Language Options setting that '
`specifies the combination of the language being entered I
`and the keyboard layout, IME, speechnto-text converter, or- ':
`other device being used to enter it. This setting was for—
`merly known as input locale.
`
`Input Method Editor in. Programs used to enter the thou—_
`sands of different characters in written Asian languages
`with a standard lOl-key keyboard. An IME consists of
`both an engine that converts keystrokes into phonetic and
`ideograph characters and a dictionary of commonly used _
`ideographic words. As the user enters keystrokes, the IME
`engine attempts to identify which character or characters
`the keystrokes should be converted into. Acronym. IME.
`
`Input/output area 1/1. See input/output buffer.
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 4
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`mm_mam..M,_____1___.w_______.__—.——w_——.——‘
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`Err—u-..
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`input-bound or just output—bound if only input or only out—
`put limits the speed at which the processor accepts and
`processes data. Also called: UO-bound.
`
`input/output buffer a. A portion of computer memory
`reserved for temporary storage of incoming and outgoing
`data. Because inputfoutput devices can often write to a
`buffer without intervention from the CPU, a program can
`continue execution while the buffer fills, thus speeding
`program execution. See also hufferl.
`
`input/output bus 11. A hardware path used inside a com-
`puter for transferring information to and from the proces—
`501' and various input and output devices. See also bus.
`
`input/output channel 11. A hardware path from the CPU
`to the input/output bus. See also bus.
`
`input/output controller a. Circuitry that monitors oper~
`ations and perfonns tasks related to receiving input and
`transferring output at an input or output device or port,
`thus providing the processor with a consistent means of
`communication (input/output interface) with the device
`and also freeing the processor’s time for other work. For
`example, when a read or write operation is performed on a
`disk, the drive’s controller carries out the high-speed, elec-
`tronically sophisticated tasks involved in positioning the
`readewrite heads, locating specific storage areas on the
`spinning disk, reading from and writing to the disk sur—
`face, and even checking for errors. Most controllers
`require software that enables the computer to receive and
`process the data the controller makes available. Also
`called: device controller, L'O controller.
`
`input/output device :1. A piece of hardware that can be
`used both for providing data to a computer and for receiv~
`ing data from it, depending on the current situation. A disk
`drive is an example of an input/output device. Some
`devices, such as a keyboard or a mouse, can be used only
`for input and are thus called input (inputaonly) devices.
`Other devices, such as printers, can be used only for out-
`put and are thus called output (output-only) devices. Most
`devices require installation of software routines called
`device drivers to enable the computer to transmit and
`receive data to and from them.
`
`Input/output Interface 11. See inputfoutput controller.
`
`Input/output port a. See port.
`
`processor can perform time—intensive, complicated analy—
`sis and synthesis of sound patterns without CPU overhead.
`See also digital signal processor, front-end processor (def
`inition l).
`
`input/output statement a. A program instruction that
`causes data to be transferred between memory and an
`input or output device.
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`input port it. See port.
`
`Input stream a. A flow of information used in a program
`as a sequence of bytes that are associated with a particular
`task or destination. Input streams include series of characu
`ters read from the keyboard to memory and blocks of data
`read from disk files. Compare output stream.
`
`inquiry in. A request for information. See also query.
`INS a. See WINS.
`
`Insertion point a. A blinking vertical bar on the screen,
`such as in graphical user interfaces, that marks the loca-
`tion at which inserted text will appear. See also cursor
`{definition 1).
`
`insertion sort n. A list—sorting algorithm that starts with
`a list that contains one item and builds an ever—larger
`sorted list by inserting the items to be sorted one at a time
`into their correct positions on that list. Insertion sorts are
`inefficient when used with arrays, because of constant
`shuffling of items, but are ideally suited for sorting linked
`lists. See also linked list, sort algorithm. Compare bubble
`sort, quicksort.
`
`Insert key 11. A key on the keyboard, labeled “Insert” or
`“Ins,” whose usual function is to toggle a program’s edit-
`ing setting between an insert mode and an overwrite
`mode, although it may perform different functions in dif—
`ferent applications. Also called: Ins key.
`
`insert mode it. A mode of operation in which a character
`typed into a document or at a command line pushes subse~
`quent existing characters farther to the right on the screen
`rather than overwriting them. Insert mode is the opposite
`of overwrite mode, in which new characters replace subse—
`quent existing characters. The key or key combination
`used to change from one mode to the other varies among
`programs, but the Insert key is most often used. Compare
`overwrite mode.
`
`275
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 5
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 5
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`

`

`_ ENTRIES
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`SCEA Ex. 1013 Page 6
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