Dpticul swituh pert dnnsily for meiur Metropolitan area:
`
`OXC’ - The Centerpiece
`of all Opfical Network
`
`UPDATE - 200'!
`
`HARKEFED ET:
`
`PREPARED BY:
`
`'*
`
`IHFUIILIITJDH GJHIEEFERS INC.
`.1 --.-u-.r:-w -'.-.=.-.-.
`-.-.JL
`2- 1:.
`I am
`-
`'-.I —.-
`l-'i.-2':-'.'- |.'l!-4 In -.5
`-
`I4. c-:,'1.*.u.-:.» : H...
`.-.i.-:-,._:-_.......--
`'i'1flDur'Il:H:-Hag-1'11--n-vrwl_;p--.
`
`--
`
`BJC Consulting Service:
`-.'. "lI.'_2I|!:i.'.lE"I."fi'lE'I,=,."E,-:I:'E_
`J/J
`
`www.igigreup.cen1
`
`0001
`0001
`
`Capella 2018
`Fujitsu V. Capella
`IPR2015-00727
`
`Capella 2018
`Fujitsu v. Capella
`IPR2015-00727
`
`

`
`Table of C-zmtents
`
`TABLE UFCUNTENIS
`
`TABLE 01? FIGURES
`
`2
`
`1
`
`flmmnvCIFC'0NCEP’l‘S 9
`UPDATE LNTRUDUCHON .................................................................. 12
`
`INFRDDUCTIDN ...................................................................................... 12
`
`WE HAD A BDTTIJENEEK; NOW we HAVE {;I1InLu::u::K ....................... 12
`W"!-[ATARE DECS? .................................................................................
`ldi
`UPI}.-’|LTE STJLTEIFFIENT ...................................................................-..
`]-1
`WHEN 15 .-‘L S'WI'l'L'H RE..-‘s.LL‘J:'
`.-‘L SWITCH? ......................................... 14
`r
`
`...................... H-
`...............
`'.'s'n'r'.r¢-1'1" THE ..........
`Hnuters ..................H.......................4.......4...............................................................+.... I4
`TDJ'I.I'I S'|flI'lCI'IEE ......................................................................... I5
`
`..............................................................
`BAGS ..... ...............
`flXCI.'- rm Crurr {area H-rc‘:lH'-I9 iI':'41I."-'etn'r}r.i;' +.H..+....um..............+....4m....+...............
`
`It’:
`II5
`
`lfi
`lilrivars to Dhfis flapluy-man! ................................................................
`The Parallel Universe at Dice ............................................................... I?
`General Features a1 an em: ............
`.............4.......
`[B
`
`TECHNOLOGIES..................................................................................... 19
`lIPIJA'FE..‘fl'A'PEh1EN'J‘ ....................................................... 19
`UHDERLWNG TECHNDLJEIGIES I-I-H-ltlll-H-HIII-H1-Dill-I-I-HIH-I-I-IIII-I-I-I-IiiH-I-IIIH-I-HIII-H-Hill-H-HIH-I-Hill-H-H1 1'!
`REVIEW’ OF BASIC TECHNCIIHGIES ......................................_... I9
`I‘.l};'I'.l ........................................................... 19
`DEC! ‘I."ea1I:|.'.:Irs ................................................................................... lfl
`]'v1]_7.M5-
`Ell]
`
`21]
`Igy_-:I-.-tgxlnraehewfliflfj
`Digital Appruaeh ........... .......................................................................... 10
`Analog Appmaeh .....................................................................
`11
`.HE.1i.‘£fle1'efg;ger:and1/ena':.Irs.'........................._.................... ..._......................... 22
`AUG
`22
`
`12
`......
`A.gara- Syrstalns ...........................
`Ashlrta Fihar Narl'wuI'Ics_................................................................. 23
`
`(1 Spend Burp. ................................................................................. 23
`canent Metwerke ............................................................................ 13
`
`9 ZIIIU1 ||3'|:|:||'I!..I|nn ‘H:
`
`E
`
`72'
`
`I-|.||.|-322]-|I."|1fl - Fa:-.":*I.'-.' 1-1-*2-I-I53
`
`0002
`0002
`
`

`
`Cunning ................................................................. 14
`mmmmmm................................................................-3
`Emnna [J D5 Uniphase} ............................................................................................. 25
`Inlelllsenae Carp. {Coming} ...........................................................................+..... 25
`Lucent II-H+|IIII-I+IIIII-I+HIIII-I-I-HIII+H-HI!-I-I-I-HOIrH+I-IIIPH-I-|IIIH4+|IIII-I+IIIII4+HIII-I+HlIII+I-Hill-Fl-I-HilI-H+I-IIII-H-I-III Zli
`Hannvaflun ......................................................................... Ifi
`
`Unix Hicraayratenm, Inc. ..........................................................._._............. 2'!
`Dpflcal micro Machines mum}
`25
`Texas Instrumenu
`23
`
`2'!
`Iron {Mortal}
`LCD ................................................................................................................ 19
`.......................... 3|]
`
`
`Coming
`
`3|]
`
` 31
`
`Epautraswlich
`Bubbles {lnkjetj - Planer Lighiwan-2 Cinrujts ......................................................... 31
`PLE DuvaJ'g,@- and ‘Ir’:-:1-dam:
`Agllent +....+....+..
`Lightwave HI |crnsI_.rs1en1s
`..........................................................-
`Kymata. Ltd.{.nlca1JaI] ..............
`mm ....................................................................................._.
`J‘ D 1":-chm:
`
`
`
` HEEEEEGB
`
`H+H-o-H-H
`
`SIJTHMARY DF CHARACITLRISTICS OF EACH TECHNOLOGY ...,....,,..*..... 3-5
`
`BASIC NEEDS CIF TECHNCILUGY FUR DICE .............................,.
`HIE
`
`J-a1;LI'£ImgJfTmu.1:pare1JIand'Q;gq£;5'u'iIchew .....................................................-... .3I'$
`E.t'amfl:.' gigggffmtfans a-1 flu-ngngrmtanfl flgqur 01:25 ......+........+.........................+...... 37
`
`INSERTICIN LOSS PROBLEMS CIF TRANSPARENT SWITCHES
`33
`
`STRUCTURE DF DECS ...
`...................................................................... 41]
`
`J'I.I.r_;n'.Iw-m-.r.r.n,'e nf(.'.|‘r.v: .'s'.mrmr:II-he ........................................................................................................ 4|]
`CLASSES {IF UKC5 ......................_._._.__.___..._....................... 41
`
`FIG .......................................+..m.+....+...m..+......+..+..+........
`
`I-'i'5X{.' ...
`42
`Inuxc .............................................................. 43
`
`Hurunmry nj'Fe'amre.:.hg.I (‘Em’): .......................................................... 44
`fruyrmnn 0; Tunnbfr [atan ....................................................................._ 45
`Developers and Vendcnrs D1 TunableLasers 4-Iii
`Tulwlzlle Laure: 'H'IarII.‘l::rs Llst
`.... ...........
`4’!
`IMJC ........................................................................................... 47
`
`D ZEIIJI I3 Cunmllnn In:
`
`3
`
`TH: 5|!||!|-32:!-HIE! -Fain!-I."-\.‘1-ii-5-|52
`
`0003
`0003
`
`

`
`Bandwtdthii................................................................. 48
`
`Burning ................................................................................ 43
`Hewletl-Packard
`49
`
`JD5 Llniphase ............................................. 49
`IH-H-IIIH-I-IIIIII-H-IIIIH-I-HII!-H-I-HIHH-I-IIIII-I-HIIIH44IIII+|-HIIH+H4I+H444iIH-H+|IIH4+|IIIH+|IIII4+llIIH+HlIl-
`New Focus, |nI::. ............................................................................. 51]
`Hnriel.................................................................... .... 51]
`i-HI:-I-I-HIIIH-IIIIIII-I-H-IIBH-I-HIII-I-HIIIH-HlillH-O-IIIIH-H-II-H-HIIII-I-Hllilfl-IIIIIH-I-IIIH-I-Hill-H-HIIIH-I-HIIIH-I-II -5“
`
`APPLICA'I'I'|.')NS ........................................................................................ 51
`LIPGRADE STATEMENT ................................................................................................. 51
`DPTICAL SWITCHES AS CROSS-CONNECTS ....H....+H.............“.....+...........+.. 51
`
`....... 52
`Im_p£e:neu1iug{.'n'u.'w{.‘rmnec:.u I-uErJ.I J'J.r"fi'}=.1I-cut (.':'n-.w: Thluquarenl Swircher
`FIG.......................................+.........................................,,....................,..+............................. SE
`W513 ................................................................................. 53
`WIG1 ...................................................................................................... 54
`
`ll-H-H-I-H-Ill!H-I-HIIIIH-I-I-I-Hlllll-I-HIIIIIH-|+Hl|llH-I+|-llllll 54
`fmgficmunfing (.‘rrr;v.-c-(.'u1uHm:£sH-itir fl,|'mnr.-:d.’J‘XL.
`GRflfl['+'IING............................................................................. 55
`CIRCUIT ROUTING
`55
`
`ill!IIIIII-H-I-H-H-I-I-HillllliH-I-H-I-H-I-H1IIIII-I-III-I-H-I-H-I-HIIIIIIIIII-H-H-I-H-H-H1IIIIl-I-H-F H
`Exal-n_p£fini_f{,'r.'ing-FJJL’(.'s' I‘.-1-}'.I.r_paIId Hu.ii'.-um." .F:|'m1':n-.r.I'.-i .......................................................... 5|]
`CIRCUIT REGTORAI.
`5‘?
`FEuJ'J.-.'n'n.rringr [fir Erg u-.I1'1.'e Router Pan‘.-.' .......................................................... 53
`IIIHOIOIIIIIIIIDUI!-IIIIIIH-IIIIIIDOIIIIHIIDOIFIIIIIUOIO-IIIIIHOIO-POIIIIDOIIIOIIIIIIH-O'IIIIIIbO'IIiIIIbI'IIIiIIbO-O'IIIiIbO-FHIII
`IIIH-I-I-I-I-IHIIIIIH-I-I-I-IIIIIIIIH-I-I-I-I-HIIIIIIII-I-I-I-I-I-Illlllllli-I-I-I-I-IHIIIIIIIH-I-I-I-Hllll
`I‘i1
`.................
`................................
`Brinlgas .....
`Baa-aIJa1::| .................................................................... Ifil
`
`Tram: Englnaamd ........................................................................ 151
`IIIH-I-H-IIIIH-I-H-Iii|'H-I-I-IIIII-H-HIIIII-I-H-IIIIIH-H-I-IIIH-I-I-Hill-H-I-HIII
`Tardzfl Flmmarsasfilng Garrnactors .......................H.... ...................,,..,.......... ............. ... -El
`Dxcsasfilng Ittannecicurs ......................................................................... E3
`MARKET DRIVERS ................................................................................ I54
`INTERNE'l" GROW TH .................................................................... 6-‘I
`
`I’J.I'.FIe'r Intern2': Tmflr: Snuroet-.' _................................................................. {I5
`llllIIDHOIOIIIIIIII IIIIIHOIO-OIIIIlllllIIDUIIIIII IIIIDIIOIO-III lllllIIHUOIO-Fillllll IIIHIIllll IIIDUIIH-Hllll W
`B23 — Eluflrrafi-to-Blfirrarfi Traffic
`............................. Ii‘?
`Dfiahure IF Gmwlh ...................................................................... I53
`
`I53
`Slrrnnmggvfl’JJ'.FIerJ'nfarn£fTruffiL'fi1rmr¢'ex .....................................................
`C|TH.I:'ZH DRIVERS .................................................................... 63
`LN
`illIIH-I-H-HIIIH-H-IiiIIH-Hllill-H-HIIIH-H+HIIIIH-I-Iiillfl-HIIII-H-H-I-Ill
`
`MA
`
`C‘ ZIIIU1 IE '3I:In:..||nn In:
`
`-H-uh-hhhhfl-H-H-rhuh-hhtuhfl-H-H-n-H-H-thhhi-ch-H-H-H-H-HI-ht
`
`4
`
`TEL filillil-B231-I-i."|1fl -HIP!-I."-G‘ 1-4-1-N55
`
`0004
`0004
`
`

`
`UPDATE ST.-5LTE|"b1'ENT ......................................................... 72
`
`CURRENT HNIIJUSTRY PROJECTIONS .............................................. T2
`MUDEL BASED PRDJFJCTICINS ...........+...................................................................... T2
`F'LIre1;rI.IL'.':'.I1g-;.[.ucnl'l’.:T.1'C41r!'r:':i::efUxirrgMe1'rLId:fud'e'F ...........................................................
`.773
`Example :31‘ Ialedel Use
`T3
`Heeulte irem use net Leeal Iule-del ..................................................................
`'.-'5
`
`Determining Luca] lularluat Forotasi from Pat-enthl ..........................
`..... TE
`.'4J4.'aF.:H'a.n{'et rub.-um-:
`£J'Ju:'L‘.-: .................................................................
`‘T?
`
`-1'3
`F'r1r7e'ra'.-;u':'gl.-J'.I'£'.1-:far.i'e'.' fur I’JUL'E.'.<.' .._...........................................................
`Detenninlng the Wavelengths per Jundlen Fe-inl ................................... T3
`Determining Number af Juneflen Paints ............+......
`.....
`....
`1''!!!
`Developing IKE lI.I'hII‘ke'|: P‘-':ItBI'r|ial ....................................... .._. T9
`fX'(_':'pcI5r:'r:'r.e'J'I5'n1ra':'£LI:!fu1rI'J.5I:'I’..'I: ....................................................................... 7'9
`Talnhflnrkef Foams! WHILE ............................................................................ W
`
`flefafl-e'dF¢rre1tn'Jx of HEC: fnm: flu‘ .1-:fr.rd'e1'.<.' ............................................... 31
`Telel Number elflxce
`31
`
`Fnmmsts by Types atoms .......................................................... 32
`Forecast effixcs by Applicailun-........................................................_ H3
`UPDATED FCIRECASTS H.____.......................................+........_..............................._ 33
`
`ii-,:_-' flue, fluu'rri'u.I‘.I1fm,@'F ......................................... 33
`SJ'g'g Thy, 9-H I.-u;gm.- He.........m......+.........m......+.m.......+........m.........+..+....+....................+ 34
`.‘-irgg Three, Rernffllgg-New Fr:I.rm'.r:r.'.'.|'.I; ............................................................ HIE
`I:::-n1per1een er Leeal us. Ixl: Appdleefierre .............................................. 8'!
`Ilemperieen at Large ue. Smell
`3'5-'
`cemperieen e1 OED vs. DC! Market
`39
`PRICING FURFCASTS .......................................................................... 91
`1In-H+nIH-HIIIH-Hint-H-0+0-In-H-|IIIH+nIII-I-Hui-rrrHIIrH-IIIII-I-I-HI+rH+oIIrrrHIIIo-I-I-IIIo+rH1
`FDRECAST FOR SMALL (32 PORTS ANI} LESS} SWITCHES ..,............... 9]
`FDRECAST FDR LA RGE [ABOVE 32 P{_'.|II1'TSj SWITCHES
`91
`
`VENDOR PROFILES .............................................................................. 9'3
`ST.="LTE]"vIENT HF UPDATE ......................................................... 93
`Sl_|]"rI]"rIART UF VENDORS ......................................................... 93
`ADD .....................................................................................
`'95
`Aleelel
`95
`Allarrear N-Bl‘-'mrIee ................................................... 96
`
`Agilant Ta-chnulugiars [I-I P] _.............................................................. Elli
`Bn‘g|‘r|L|nk Netwurts [Dania] .................................................... 9'?
`I25;-eed corp. .................................................................. 93
`1-H-.|u.o+o-nu.o+H.|u.H+uu.H-Hui.H+o-ui.bH+ui.H+|-ui.LH4+H.|H+o-u.nH+u.|u+H+.nH+H.|
`Uhillrn l'«|va‘l'.I.'I::I'|IIs........................................................_. UH]
`
`D 2'.‘I|:Il I3 Ilunzullnn I'M:
`
`5
`
`Tel: 5I:I|:I-32:I-I-all-E -Faa.:':uI."-H-£1!-:uI5.E
`
`0005
`0005
`
`

`
`Ilfll}
`Ghururn Tachmlugias- ...................................................
`Chmmatis Harhmriui {Luuant} ................................................_. llll
`Chem [Llghtera and -‘Jrnniaj ....................................................................................... lfll
`CISOG .-0....H....o-..-0.nun-0....0.-...-nuno-0....0-.-nun-..-0....0-+....o-...-o....o-+....o-..._-...H....o-nu...-...-|....o-0.
`
`4-Hlu-H-HH-Hu-I-0-oIu+o-0-In-0-Hllul-0-oI|o+o-0-In-o+|I|.|-0-m.H-Hu+o-oIu+o-an-HHH-oI|H+oIu444uH+u+H+Iu+o-oI|+H+I|-0-H
`Gurvls ........................................................................._. I'M
`
`lJiCanF|bEn:~p1iI:s ......................................................
`
`lllfi
`
`H-Hi-no-Hun-nun-I-Hnu-H-H-Hnun-and-in-on-H-Munro-Intro-tunbrunnu-H-n-nun-Hun-rru-brunuunbru--urunrru
`1IHH9u+HwI+HuHqu4+nH44wH4qwH4q|rH4u-H4II+HwI+HwrhHH4+nI+rnH44ImIo-uI|lH-0-In-0+0-In-Hluio-I-lino-oil
`
`Ihlnntermyr Hat-r.ra1'k3{CI5:m] ......................................................._ I11
`Nah-mark Phntarflns ._............................................. I I 1
`Norlel ......+...wH...H+..+....+..........m..m...+.....+.........H......+.....+..m...4+...+....+.........+.. 111
`
`Opflnal Emilch Cmpomfian ..»....+.........+....H...+....m..»....+....+..............m......H. I13
`i-IIFH-HIOHQII-IH-IIH-HIGH-Hllfl-I-llii-HIM-HIGH-HIQH-FIFO-H-ll!-Hllll-HIQH-FIN-HIII-HIIH-H
`fltera {Nurtel} .............................................................. 114-
`-in-on-Iuiro-h-In-I-nun-0-nunH-ru-In-nun-0-nunwhnHnnuuhwhnwh:u+n-wunwhnruunuinwhnnh-Hon-wk I
`
`syflmmIIIo+HIrH-0-Inn-I-I-I-IIH-I-IIHIH-HIIH-I-mm-I-IIn+HIIHHwrrHIIo-rHwHH1nH+oIr+Hu!rHIInHwrrrHu+H+IrrrH
`Tal'aw‘-1-IHH-FIII-I-I-IIIH-I-lillli-H!!I-H-III+H-IIH-HHrrHIfrrflIIfH!!IfHIfrrflIfH11IIfH!!rrflH+rflIIfH!IrPHI+H-IIH111!!IfH I
`Talllumlnc. ___________________________________........... I17
`
`Ten1ple:c............................................................ 118
`Teraburst I-Iernrorlcs Inc. iIH4IlM4+flIH4IflIH4IIbFHiIIH+IiiFHIIH44IiIH44IbH4IilbFFHIfFHiIH4IliI+I-IIIH-Ill I19
`
`Iros Inc. {|'-llarbalj .....................................................................................+................ 119
`FLPPEN DIX I - RI HG AND MESH ARCH[TECTURFS......u..... 121
`RINGAND MESH A.RCHI'l‘ECI'URES lH41III+H!llrkHIM444I!lrrk|IH41IIIlhrrHlH41III44+|IlH441I+H+|I 12]
`
`....................................... 111
`I-'|'.lur:u£i'::'.ln':'.I1g T1;:rJu'rJg].I.5" ..................
`Type of Filngs -...................................................................................-. 121
`IIEH-HIII+l-Hill-H-Hflll-H-I-IIIH-l+rlIIH-HIIH+HlIiH-I-HiIIH-I-IIIII+H'IIIH-HlIII+l-Hiirfl-l+II
`
`113
`mxari-mrm-.u 'mpnmgp:’
`Router-Basedfle.-armurairm ............................................................. I24
`I‘JXL'Ba.5ad-Re.-H'm'm'Ea.r: ............................................................... I24
`Cumfirrefl TR.fir)I{'Rr:rrm.r.':'r.m ...................................................... 125
`ADE-INTAGES OF MESH ‘VS. RJNG ;*.RCHl‘I'EC'l'URES ...+................+....+.......... I26
`
`APPENDIX [I —SEGM ENTATION OFT]-IE NET'W0 RK........... 123
`
`APPENDIX ]]I —I'|r'I.e'-'£TRIX DF PRDVIDERS .................................. 129
`
`APPENDIX IV—LISTfl'HIG DFACRDNYTMIS .................................. 132
`
`C‘ 2D|J'I H3 CI:In:.:||nn In:
`
`E
`
`‘El. fi|J|J-B23-I-NIH -HE‘!-I."-u‘ 1-ii-M51
`
`0006
`0006
`
`

`
`0XCs — The Centerpiece of the i5t.l]-Optical Network
`
`Update Introduction
`
`This original report was issued in Not.-ember EIEHJCI. Much of the technical attd arc-ltitecurral material is still
`accurate and eunent. but '-':trit:nI.s areas of the report need updating, The purpose of this trptlate to the original
`report is to bring those areas up-to-date. artd to add new ittfortttatiott dtat has developed. The approach to
`pnmnting this material l't.'t.s11;sI.Iltt.'cl in a completely stand alone doootrn'tci1t.'l'|i-corigirral fomictt and ougariiaation
`is presert-'et:l. l:-ot.t-re-.'et'. dte introduction ofeach chapter will describe the cltattges tirade itt the update. In most
`cases this will alltaw the teade:rto readily see the changes made frc-tn theotiginal report. It is tltotlfltt that this
`t:tlp-3l:ti]il’g.- will be most. useful in the l'aret:ast area. This paragraph is the only change in the lnuotlucriott.
`
`Introduction
`
`D-‘t'-‘Div.-1 ltas l:u1oughtust.he answerto the need for trtassit-e amounm ofl:ta.nt:|width. across dte city. across rlte
`country and now across the world. The need for this band-nidth has been. and cc-ntinrnes tobe.dIiw:n by the
`ernergettoe ofthe lnterttet as the single most significant t2lE't'E|.tZI|:m-Bill in die history of cotttmanicatiotts This
`ever-inereasi ng demand has changed the whole approach to facility-' and even route provisioning Bandwidth
`incretnetttts [e.g.. DC‘-43}: that would have been due i3|!I|Iil'v.-'.'.t3l't3ISS-5EI2|Ii.iIII'l on a given route only two or dtttee
`3-terus ago. are now not ct-ten provisioning intert-'a| increments.
`
`We Had a BO-1.'tlE:ll-Et':]tt.; Now We Have Gridlock
`
`While TN-"Dl'r*l has given us the tool to deal with this bandwidth explosion. it has that given us a was to be
`able to control dais 1‘f1ll!'i!il't'E amount olhantha.-idtlt. We were loolting fora wa3- to lteep up wiIJ‘t the unending
`demand for bandwidth as presented b‘_'p'1l1t'.‘I|1lt'.'I'I'|'.‘t and we fottnd it in D‘-"-‘Dir-'l. tiorrte ofthe eart'iers {Ft.TR:T.
`for eitarnplelt are esdtttatittg rltal. dteit'l:tacltbones are increasing aI.a rate oi’-til-[lei a _uea.t'! Tryittg to lteep up
`with that growth. both the estisting growth and the forward looking view of a really scary "hocltey stick’
`g|'tZw.-‘ill curse. was me first problem Now. use can take existing fiber [at least to a great ettrettt —some of die
`older fiber tttat_tr not support all ot't|te capabilities of D-‘t'r'Dl'-‘l at all distances]-. add DWDIH-'l artd we |l:3't'E an
`irtstant increase in battdwidrh of up to ll]-CI times. So. dtat salt.-es the I-iauleneclt probletrt. at least for now.
`
`What is left. hon-et-er. may be art even greater prohlern. 'I1te question is ltow todeal with all of this added
`bandwidth and how to deal with the rapid changes and reamrngernents implied by a tttarlcet growing this
`fast. in addition to the growth. and the implied amount ofehrtm {in a market growing lilce this. the end
`customers are also itt tunttoil. trjting to devise the best way to deal with growth from their viewpoints. thus
`causing many change trrders |.t't hundwidth prtttrirlcttsjt. tht: nelwtrtlt is Ia‘rgt:l:.-'
`.‘t.1.1.|t,'l'C with an urt_'hiIt:tt;lurt: dust
`was singularly unlitted to rapid cltanges and additions - i.e.. SUNET. To establish a new wairelengtlt on
`S.ClTtl]'*.'T—tlter'tt't-.1] facilities [SDNETHJI lJIWDl't"l or F5CINETdiret;t|:.r on Eb-er}. it is often npoessttqr to I'.l1lLl':t:
`physical equipment adtljriorrs and changes at many nodes — particularly in-here rings intersect. The additions
`and ehanges rettuin: significttnt engineering. equipment procuring. site visits. and carefully coordinatcti
`testing attd tunt up act.i't-'ities rltsa result of all of this work. pros-isionittg itttert-'als stretch into |'tl:tt1}'mtZIl1'l.l!t£
`and service costs continue to be very high in spite of decreasing costs of underl}'ing infrastructure. These
`
`ti znttt Ilsttiunstltnn In:
`
`12
`
`Te|:ttI:-D1‘!-2:!-1|:|l5lt -I-'a.::tr1t-rad title:
`
`0007
`0007
`
`

`
`factors hm-‘e all eontbined to lea-d us from a bandwidth bottleneck to a gridloelt glut — we have a greatdeal of
`potential bandwidth. but it is 1-‘erg h.'L11:l toel'feetIw:l:r use It.
`
`The great I.'t.'I1it1rut| an-tJ intt:1'n:t.tinnaIt::t.11'iL-rts have I'.Iui|1I'Il'ien'D"t‘u’I)|lt'1 Isetwtnrits that [!l'|'|E!I|'|'|l5':t.‘ and deliver
`bandwidth that was only dreamed of two orthr-ee jrears ago. Now the issue is teaming that Qofi ins-'ol~.-es
`n1t:-rt: 1h.u11 t:it:t:t.rir_'.'tl anti ttplical .l:lanI:l.:trr_is. [I alsn i1't1.rnl1.'es service flt:xihili|:.-'. rapid provisioning. and
`I't.".'£'I.l'l'l11l_|_!jL'.'I't'lI!l'IG.-'t'IJltd the ability to support new. ‘on-demand‘ set-vices. Tltese are tltequatilies that will support
`the new strategies t1fsen':oe prosirlers in the era of‘ EF'.thr:|nternc:1. H-E I1 me. They are also the param-eiers
`that will iLl.1'|l all ot'd1atba.ndwidflt into useful and tnaslretalile sen-ioes.
`
`The answer mat is developing to this gridlock gluL is the U'pll.C.t1l Switch t[lKC.i This new mess in these
`sizes and with the capabilities now becoming as-ailahlei dei-‘toe will ti] allow extremely rapid service
`plot-isiotting and reortaagetneatts. [2]: facilitate mesh topologies mat mo-t'e directly support data trttlftc and
`that can save on equipment. faeili ties. anciop-e:ra1:ions I'.'11Sl5.|!3lI|:II'I3"-'ldt: an |:'.l2ll'¥:|1'|tII_'p' Fast optical level ei rettit
`tfibesh.-.-aueletigdtfmutej restoration capability. and {4} supports:-ew services on a wa-aeleagdi level based on
`rapid and rcrnoiely oontrolled switching.
`
`This report will explore this new devioe in depth. J1 wi ll: desielop ahasic ttrtderstanrltng oi'I'.J'KCs. explore all
`nape.-cI.s ui'tlt-e Et:lt.‘}2trI.I::Il.:Jg"f'. rev.-inew applications. |‘:'t':sludlt: I'.l‘IlLI'|t£‘."1-lJ.1'l.'t.'l:lT1i, prt1_it:tt:lrlIIl.1'ls'|-_"tt.i|:rna’I.t'ts2l and prices.
`and describe asailahle equipment and sendlors.
`
`Exoept where sp-eeit'|ealI}' noted dil‘r'erent|.}'. d'ti.s repon deals with existing. available [or nearly so] 1.eehnolog_-,'
`fur C|3CCs. The t.'ttm:nl l.'l:Eiill1n!i- 111' the 'l.'-.l}{Cs are primarily "t.iIt1'nh" swittzhex Home -.'I:ndt.1tt':s|'p:lt'tir_'ulttrl:.-'
`sotne of the {JED switch 1.-endotsi a.re adding slgrtilicant software to the peripheral oonlrol Sj-'S£E|llS allowing
`some 1-‘erg.-' tLsel'u| {and in sorrle-cases speeL:wu|:I.r} sI:r'-‘ices. Howtwr. the switches rernain Fairly dumb. The
`implications. Marltet Forecasts. and Pricing Forecasts me all hased on these comparati~.'e|g.- dumb s].-'st-ems.
`
`Future development will he focused on two major m:
`l. Frocltteing all-optical switches l1Il|_-,' eaptalnle ol' WSFIC and ‘I-"-' [KC classes ol'opera1ion. £3-ee the
`Technology Section for a full discussion of these eLas:ses.l
`2. Incorporating mte opneal router capabilities. whereo;-I the GNU will actually be able to parse the
`incoming r,'I|1Iit:.tIJ sigrutl anrl pu:rt'I:Jrrn at .-.".I.-'i1r:iti11f_t'unr_'t'tu;,1n htlfit:-tJ.t:I1'I 1.l'll.'i zinftmrrrstllitin is: null |t1r w_'r_I,'
`near real] tirne.
`
`The first of these wiIlt:eoot1tmea.'.ial|_s'as'aih1h|e in me rrext few yetus. and the soeond will likely 1.tlI'tt: longer.
`
`(J 2I:II:I1 IE. Conullnn Inc.
`
`lli
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`TeI:soae.zs-man -F-stzfil r-T:I-1-tl‘l!-2
`
`0008
`0008
`
`

`
`in addition to providing a more appropriate tuchitectttre for data. mesh promises to be a more economical
`approach to failure protcction. title to its tllZtllil'_'r' to share protection rotttcs. rathcr than having |iIH}"fi-. protcction
`I:ta.n:iwi-tith. as is the case with traclitiottal approaches Studies have suggested. that optical switches and mesh
`stn:hitcr_'Iurr:-.s can achieve as great as 50%-fil.'l|‘.E savings in capital costs on-'t:r Lht: trstditittnal S-CJNET ring
`approach.
`
`Given all of these cottsirlerauons, it is projected u-mt tI}l~iCs will be both the etiul:uier cl’. and a major reason for
`a migration to. an "all-opt'Ic.al" nctworlt. -[it will hc socn. however, that "all-optical" may not tlll-'-'£l1.'E rrlcttn
`on!t_-.r optical as we go fotwarti itt Uiis t'eport.l-
`
`GenaoIFauumaotanflxc
`
`Ilatring looked at a Urflrkilig definition ofan DKC. we woulrl now like to present a general list oi" basic
`rcquirctttcnts for 'DJ(L‘.s. it will he clcar as ‘J-T.‘ go through the Tcchnologics Section. that applications and
`technical approaches will cause rliflererices in emphasis out various of these requirements. ]tt2t1.~.'Ett.'Er the list
`will still he il'l5-lI'tlI.':l£l.'I-'I.': to use as a future }'ardsticl»:.
`
`Pin CIXC is a device that allows a given nu1'nt:terot' optical inputs to access a selection of op-tical outputs.
`These inputs anti outputs nail].-' he -rt.-a-.-elertgtltsor i'tI-.u:rs[1.-.-irl-t multiple wt1stlengfl1S.jl5t:nBs'3lI13quireIflEnts:
`
`RaoonI'1.gural:tiIit}' — MEI}.-l'.|t: this: goes wiI.htt-ut saying. hut it should he s'latt:ttJ. It just I'.I'.|t:.l1I'IS that the
`switch can switch inputs to outputs. uttcler eatemal control.
`
`Nomi-1odtittg—These nettt-orb‘. tiet-ices mustl:-e able to terrnittate atttl switch all of melt inputs to an
`available: output tintlcr all |2l11:‘lI|'|'|til;l|-TIt2|:ti. There is no room lore "husgr sign:tl' in this lrinrl of st-ribdting.
`
`Scaleahte- In tsaclthonc network". applications paJ't'tct1lar|1.r. this is ot"gtt:at irnpottrutcc. No can'icr
`wattts to face me prospect of has ing to make a ‘fork lift‘ replacement of a tzlet-ice like art DXC with
`so rnttch trafiic going through it. [kwiccs that start at only 31 it 3-1 must hcahlc to scalc at lcast to
`IICIEHII it
`IIZOD (in hacltbone applicationshgit-ett I.hecurrent anti projected gtott-1lt rates ofthe ttertt-ottt.
`
`l.tiwlns-e1'lion I.Itset- Tltis rt:'|'t:rs L-ti Iht: -:ipI.i-t:al insertion loss [l.t:.. 1J1-t: sttt::nustli:t1n of List: light] ‘ll-‘t"t:
`will scc in tlctail latcr thc tcason for this rcqttircmcnt. hut in general. it is Dl2WlI.‘.I|.l5 that it is desirable
`for any light path element to ltu-.-e a Low loss characteristic.
`
`1..-l'l'l-It-'Cl1§Il'.'fllflBt— Again. this refers to an optical signal impact It" crosstullt is too higli between any
`two itttetnal paths. ate signals will be t:legt'at:te:l. anti perltapts unusable.
`
`FttstSstitt:hing,Titt|e— In rna.n}' oi'tl:-eapplications ol'DXCs the switching time is oftttostirnportance.
`Art tssamplc is in tssslrtralittrt app]it:.t1t.itn1s. This total timt: on rt:sbttt'irt;g It failed Iinlit |T|.I.I!il he nttgrcstltrr
`than Silt ms [based on SUHET statttzlardsl-. Thus. the time for the DEC to illlBl'l!LtJll}' switch rnusthe as
`stnall as possible so as to tic able to mcct this stanI:la:t1:l.
`
`Ltttt-"|CttstttJu1 Relitthle — Thcsc tics-iccs will 11: central to very high L!Elpl|Cil:." nctwrtrlc poi11Ls.Tn
`o.t't:llerto achieve theirgreatest usefulness. they must be relau-rel;r cheap. Also. because of melt
`ot:nl;r..'1l location. it is imp-crtstiw: that they be 'rit'tuall}' 'Fal.liI Fro: [inl'crnoII3.ri.
`
`o zttttt l|3|Cttn5.Iltn|: In:
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`13
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`TuI:ttt:»aa2s-itttstt -Fsr:s1t-tat use-2
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`0009
`0009
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`

`
`itros {Muriel}
`
`T‘-'7 |i'aAI:I1'ia ."'n'I.=.
`Sunni-Wale. Ch ‘J4-{lilo
`TEI. alllfi-133-1'.i3I
`Fa:-L -lllli-F33-TH?
`'.'I".-I.-'|.'a-'.ill‘fr.i.L‘I.'!Il!I1
`
`LCD
`
`"I11-: LCD [Liquid I'..?r1.'s1al Do-loos} loohnolo-g;-I lsbaso-:1 on :1 "santl‘wi-:|'I" slruoturo of two layers ofglass with
`liquid crystal material l.set-seen lhem. The applieafloh efsmall vollages to t|1e sand1.I.-'it:h Cl1|'II?.'£|.I.I§t3il:l.I."IlIIl.l.-'!.l!I[
`light To tthttngs its ].'.|l1-lE||'l3"£|l£l-l.1l|. ant! Thus its |'Jropc:n‘.'L<:s can he: t;on1m1|od.T|1is lI:I:|'Int1|og:.' has l'n:4:n usotlf'o1'
`greets for -'at'it:-us light displays such as watches. laptop computes. caleL1laI.ots.eto. In 1he belecommuh iea1:ions
`arena. those v:|I:vioI:s can bl: |.|.'iU.'l For a vari¢:t}- of }'IIu'pos:s. in-c|I.n:l1'ng swilohing. allcntuttlon. and other
`op-plicaijmis. .-5..-: a switch it uses an array pfpons tfdierctmlneeuuusi to direct light through a liquid er}-stal and
`Ihen 1o :3 ‘p-o|arir.ed' lens. AT lho po|aI'ir:cr|ons1lroll5'JIth-cam is either trtsnsmillotl through to one outpI.I1 or
`reflected offto anotlier depending on H5.-llE1.llEI' the liquid t'IJ"_'p'Sl:I.l llad a voltage applied or not. Figure 4
`illtlstratcs this technology‘.
`
`Figure 4. Skeffla qfflqufifflrysmf I'e:'l~'rnel'erg_p
`
`Input Fiber
`Mm}.
`
`Polarirer Lens
`
`'fl'J1’ lllstpul .irr.a_1-'
`
`|]
`
`E]
`
`Len -on‘
`
`Lee -one
`
`flulpul Fiber
`utnflrs
`
`*Drl'I" Dulpul .-'trta',L'
`
`flllllflflgh the jury isoertalnlg.-'s1il|outot1 me question. it would appear that t|1e eun'enl consensus is met LED
`will I1: :1 viahlc ttchnnlngy Eur .~'.wiIt_']1|:s :11‘ small purl Sl.I|:S -[under 323:3?) an-Ll
`l't:ur a 1':1ria:t3.rnl' t:«tI'u:t
`leleedmmuniealion optieal ooI11pdnents.l::ut likely I1ot for the larger part eount switches that: are possible
`
`to zntll IG t:-unmllnn In:
`
`29
`
`Te|:u-:»na.2aHtI so -F.:u:u1r-73.1 ea-ea
`
`0010
`0010