`
`THE
`s
`I MNDOIVI HOUSE
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`OF THE
`
`ENGLISH
`
`LANGUAGE
`
`Second Edition
`
`
`
`Unabridged
`
`
`
`
`
`Capella 2007
`Fujitsu v. Capella
`IPR2015-00727
`
`0001
`
`

`

`
`
`Dedicated to the memory of
`Jess Stein
`
`
`COPYRIGHT © 1987, BY RANDOM HOUSE, INC.
`First Edition: Copyright © 1983, 1981, 1979, 1973, 1971, 1970, 1969, 1967, 1966, by Random House, Inc.
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part ofthis book may be reproduced
`in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical '
`,
`, including photocopying, Without permission in writing from the publisher.
`All inquiries should be addressed to Reference De
`partment, Random House, Inc, 201 E. 50th Street, New York, NY. 10022.
`Published in the United States by Random House, Inc., and simultaneously in Canada by Random House ofCanada Limited, Toronto
`
`Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data
`The Random House dictionary of the English language.
`(Random House dictionaries)
`1. English language—Dictionaries. I. Flexner,
`Stuart Berg. II. Series.
`PE1625.R3
`1987
`423
`87—4500
`ISBN 07394—500504; 07394—565002 deluxe ed.
`
`nition ofa word or term is not inten
`ded to affect, or to express a judgment on, the validity or
`legal status ofthe word or term as a trademark, servioe mark, or other proprietary term.
`The Concise French Dictionary, edited by Francesca L. V. Langbaum, Copyright © 1983, 1954, by Random House, Inc.
`The Concise German Dictionary, edited by Jenni Karding Moulton, Copyright © 1983, 1959, by Random House, Inc.
`The ConciseItalian Dictionary, edited by Robert A. Hall, Jr, Copyright © 1983, 1957, by Random House, Inc.
`The Concise Spanish Dictionary, edited by Donald E 5013', Copyright © 1933, 1954, by Random House, Inc.
`Entire contents ofthe Atlas, Copyright © 1987, by C. S. Hammond & Company.
`International Phonetic Alphabet, courtesy International Phonetic Association.
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`r.s/uh
`
`¥0002
`0002
`
`

`

`404
`
`colloidal
`
`collective unconscious
`Of molecules or atoms rather than on their nature.
`[1885—90; COLLEGIAL +
`
`interaction among colleagues.
`[1900—05; COLLIUATE ~. AlvE]
`on]
`speech and writing, COLLECTIVE NOUNS are usually not
`treated as both singular and plural in the same sentence:
`col-li-mate (kol’o mat’), v.t., -mat-ed. -mat-ing. 1. to
`col-le-gian (ks lé’jan, Ajé an), n. 1. a student in, or a
`The enemy is fortifying its
`(not
`their) position. The
`bring into line; make parallel. 2. to adjust accurately
`graduate of, a college. 2. a member ofa college.
`[1350—
`the line of sight of (a telescope).
`[1615—25‘, < L col-
`enemy are bringing up their heavy artillery.
`1400; ME < ML collégianus, equiv. to collegihmi) (301..
`When the COLLECTIVE NOUNS couple and pair refer to
`LEGE + eanus -AN]
`limatus, misreading of collinec‘ztus, ptp. of collineare to
`direct in a straight ine, equiv. to col- COLA‘ + rlineac v.
`people, they are usually treated as plurals: The newly
`deriv. of lmcu LINE‘ + -tus ptp. suffix] —col’li<mal-
`married couple have found a house near good transpor-
`col-le-glate (ka lé’jit, -jé it), adj.
`1. of or pertaining
`tion. n.
`tation. The pair are busy furnishing their new home.
`to a college; collegiate life. 2. of, characteristic of, or in-
`tended for college students: collegiate clothes; a collegiate
`The COLLECTIVE NOUN number, when preceded by a,
`is
`1. Optics. a. a fixed
`(kol’a Ina/tar). n.
`col-li-ma-tor
`treated as a plural: A number of solutions were sug-
`dictionary. 3. of the nature of or constituted as a col-
`telescope for use in collimating other instruments. b. an
`lege. —n. 4.
`(in Canada) See collegiate Institute.
`gested. When preceded by the, it is treated as a singular:
`optical system that transmits parallel rays of light, as the
`The number of solutions offered was astounding.
`[14004)0, late ME < LL collegiotus. See COLLEGE, -ATE']
`receiving lens or telescope of a spectroscope. 2. Physics.
`—col-lelgiate-ly. adv. —-coI-lelgiate-ness, n.
`Other common COLLECTIVE NOUNS are class, crowd,
`a device for producing a beam of particles in which the
`flock, panel, Committee, group, audience, staff, and fame
`collelgiate church’, 1. a Church that is endowed for
`paths of all the particles are parallel.
`[1815—25; COLLL
`ily.
`MATE + —ox“]
`a chapter of canons, usually with a dcan, and that has no
`collec/tive uncon’scious,
`(in Jungian psychology)
`col—lin-e-ar
`(ks link? or, ko—), adj.
`lying in the same
`bishop’s see. 2. (in tho US.) a church or group of chur-
`inborn unconscious psychic material common to human-
`ches under the general management of one consistory or
`straight line.
`[1720—30, con.“ + LINEAR]
`icoI-lin/e-
`session. 3. a consolidation of formerly distinct churches
`ar/i-ty, n. fool-IinIe-ardy, adv.
`kind, accumulated by the experience of all preceding
`under one or more pastors. 4. (in Scotland) 3 church or
`generations. Cf. archetype (def. 2).
`[1915?20]
`Col-Iings-wood (kol/ingz wé‘bd’), n.
`a city in SW
`
`New Jersey. 15,838.
`congregation the active pastor of which is the colleague
`col-lec-tiv-ism (ka lek’te viz/em), n.
`the political
`and successor of the emeritus pastor.
`[1400750; late ME]
`principle of centralized social and economic control, esp.
`
`Col-ling-wood (kol/ing w’d’cvd’), n.
`1. a city in SE
`of all means of production.
`[1875—80 < F collectivisme;
`collelgiate in/stitute.
`(in Canada) a fully accredited
`Australia, near Melbourne. 20,906. 2. a town in S Onr
`see COLLECTIVE, -ISM]
`fool-lec’ti
`st, 17., all]. acol-
`high school teaching academic suhjecLS under the super.
`vision of a provincial government.
`lee/tiv-lsltic. adj. ——co|~lec/tiv-is’ti-cal-ly, adv.
`12,0 4.
`tarios,
`in S Canada, on Georgian Bay of Lake Huron.
`colvlec-tiv-icty tkol/ek tiv’i té), n., pl. —ties. 1. colleci
`col-le-gl-um (ka le/jé am). n., pl. -gi-a He 0), -gi-ums.
`col-lins (kol’inz), n. (often. cap.) a tall drink made with
`tivc character. 2. a collective whole. 3. the people col»
`1. Eccles. college (def. 11). 2. a group of ruling officials
`gin, whiskey. rum, or Vodka, and lemon or lime juice,
`lectively,
`[1860—65; COLLECTIVE 'r -ITY]
`each with equal rank and power, esp. one that formerly
`-vized, -viz-ing.
`soda water, and sugar.
`[1940-45; after the proper name
`administered a Soviet commissariat.
`[1915720;
`<1 L; see
`col-leCoti-vize (ke lek'ta viz’), v.t.,
`Collins]
`etc.) according
`COLLEGE]
`to organize (a people, industry, economy,
`Brit, col‘leci‘
`1. Edward Trowbridge (Eddie),
`Col-lins (kol’inz), n.
`fool-lec/ti-vic
`to the principles of collectivism. Also, esp.
`col-le-gi-um mu-si-cum (ka lé’jé em myoTJ’zi kom;
`1887—1951, US. baseball player. 2. Michael, 189071922,
`ti-vlse’.
`[1890—95; COLLECTIVE + —izE]
`Lat. k6 leg/e o'oml nifirlsi ko‘omO, a group of usually
`za/tion, n.
`Irish revolutionist and patriot. 3. Michael. born 1930,
`amateur musicians, Often connected with a university,
`US. astronaut. 4. William. 1721—59, English poet. 5.
`who meet to study and perform chiefly old or little.
`collect/ on deliv/ery. See c.O.D.
`(Wi
`iam) Wil-kie (wil/ke), 1824789, English novelist.
`known music.
`[< N1; musical society]
`col-lec-tor (k9 lck’tar), n.
`1. a person or thing that
`COI'III'PSi'a (k9 lIn/sé a, -zé a), n. any plant belonging
`(of per-
`col le-gno (k0 lap/yo; It. kol le’nyo), Music.
`collects. 2. a person employed to collect debts, duties,
`to the genus Collinsw, of the figwort family, having
`formance with the bow on the strings of a stringed in.
`taxes, etc.
`3. a person who collects books, paintings,
`whorled leaves and usually clusters of variously colored
`strument) with the wood.
`[< It]
`1. Also, col-
`stamps, shells, etc., cap. as a hobby. 4. Elect. a device
`flowers.
`[1817; after Zaccheus Collins (1764—1831), US.
`botanist; see -IA]
`col-lem-bo-lan (ks lem’ba lan), adj.
`for accumulating current from contact conductors
`5.
`a city in SW Illinois.
`Electronics. an electrode in a transistor or vacuum tube
`lem/bo-luus. belonging or pertaining to the insect order
`Col-lins-ville (kol/inz vi1/),
`77..
`for collecting electrons, ions, or holes. 6. Metall, pro—
`19,613.
`(Iollembola, comprising the springtails. —n. 2. a col
`moter (def. 5). 7. Energy. See solar collector.
`[1375—
`lembolan insect; springtail.
`[1870; < NL Collembol(a)
`the act of colliding; a
`1.
`col-l sion (ke lizh’en), n.
`1425; late ME (< AF) < ML, equiv. to L colleg- (var. s.
`order name (equiv. to Gk kéllm) glue + émbola, p1. of
`coming violently into contact; crash: the collision of two
`émbalon wedge, stopper (see EMEOLUS); so named from
`of colligere; see COLLECT‘) + -tor —TOR1 —col-Iec/tor~
`shipn col-lec’tor-ate, n.
`the collophore) + -AN]
`airplanes. 2. a clash; conflict: a collision ofpurposes,
`Physics.
`the meeting of particles or of bodies in which
`collec/tor elec/trode, Electronics. See under Klys-
`a layer of
`11. But.
`tron.
`col-len-chy-ma (k6 leng’ke me),
`each exerts a force upon the other, causing the exchange
`modified tissue consisting of cells that are thickened at
`of energy or momentum.
`[1400—50; late ME < LL colli-
`the angles and usually elongated.
`[1825—35; < NL < Gk
`collec’tor’s i/tem, an article or object of particular
`sw'nv (s. of collisié), equiv. to collishis) (ptp. of collidere
`interest or value because of its uniqueness or scarcity.
`hollhz) glue + énchyma contents (on. EN—2 + chy-, s. of
`to COLLIDE) + —ion-
`.ION] —coI-li/sion-al. adj.
`[1930—35]
`chein to pour + -ma n. suffix denoting result of action)]
`colli’sion course/, 1. a course or path of a vehicle,
`—col-len-chym-a-tous (kol/an kim’e tes), col-len-chy-
`col-leen (kol/cn, k0 lén’), n.
`an lrish girl.
`[1820410,
`mat-ic (ks leng’ka niat’ik), adj.
`projectile, etc., that, if unchanged, will lead to a collision
`with another object. 2. any plan, attitude, or course of
`< Ir cailin, equiv. to coile girl, Wench + in din). suffix]
`col-let
`(kol/it), m, u, Jet-ed, -let-ing. ——n. 1. a collar
`action that leads to a confrontation or conflict with an-
`Col-leen (kol/en, k0 lén’), n.
`a female given name:
`other.
`[1940—45]
`or enclosing band. 2. the enclosing rim within which a
`from an Irish word meaning ”girl."
`jewel
`is set.
`3. a slotted cylindrical clamp inserted
`the rate at which colli=
`colli/sion den/sity, Phys :5.
`col-lege (kol’ij), n.
`1. an institution of higher learn,
`tightly into the tapered interior ofa sleeve or chuck on a
`sions are occurring per unit volume per unit time, usu7
`lathe to hold a cylindrical piece of work. 4. Horol. the
`ing, csp. one providing a general or liberal arts education
`reactor.
`ally pertaining to the collisions of neutrons in a nuclear
`rather than technical or professional training. Cf. uni-
`tiny collar that supports the inner terminal of a hair-
`versity 2. a constituent unit ofa university, furnishing
`spring. —u.t. 5. to set (a gem or other stone) in a collet.
`cou
`of instruction In the liberal arts and sciences,
`coili/sion diam/eter, Physics.
`the distance between
`[1520 30; < F, equiv. to col neck (<1 L collum) + —el rET]
`the centers of two colliding moleculcs when at their clos—
`usually leading to a bachelor‘s degree. 3. an institution
`col-lide (ka lidl), v., -lid-ed, -Iid.ing. —o.i. 1. to strike
`est point of approach.
`for vocational, technical, or professional instruction, as in
`one another or one against the other with a forceful im~
`medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, or music, often a part
`colli’sion insur/ance,
`Insurance protecting an auto—
`pact; come into violent contact; crash: The two cars col,
`of a university 4. an endowed, Selfegoverning associu
`mobile owner against loss or damage to the automobile
`lidcd with an ear-Splitting crash. 2. to clash; conflict:
`tion of scholars incorporated within a university, as at
`resulting from a collision or other accident.
`Their views on the matter collided. —v.i. 3. to cause to
`the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in England. 5.
`collide: drivers colliding their cars in a demolition derby.
`col-lo-blast
`(kol’a blasfl), n. Zool.
`one of the cells
`a similar corporation outside a university. 6. the build
`covered with sticky granules on the tentacles of a cteno—
`[161525; < L colliderc to strike together, equiv. to col—
`ing or buildings occupied by an institution of higher edu—
`c0L--‘
`l —liderc, comb. form of lacdere to strike]
`phore, which aid in capturing prey. Also called glue cell.
`cation. 7. the administrators, faculty, and students of a
`—Syn. 1. hit, smash, clash.
`[< Gk hollla) glue + .0» + -BLAST]
`college. 8. (in Britain and Canada) a private secondary
`(1m li’ding beml),
`col-lid/ing-beam/ machine/
`col-locate (kol/a kav), o., -cat-ed. mating, n. —v.t.
`school. 9. an organized association of persons having
`1. to set or place together, esp. side by side. 2. to ar—
`Phys 3.
`a particle accelerator in which positively and
`certain powers and rights. and performing certain duties
`
`nega vely charged particles circulate in opposite direc—
`or engaged in a particular pursuit: The electoral college
`range in proper order: to collocaie events. —v.i. 3. Ling.
`tions and collide headion. Also called col-lid-er (ke lif-
`to enter into a collocation. —n. 4. Ling. a lexical item
`formally Sulects the president. 10. a company, assem-
`dar).
`that collocates with another.
`[150545; < L collocalus
`blage. 11. Also called collegium. a body of clergy livmg
`col-lie (knl/e), n. one of a breed of dogs having a usu~
`together on a foundation for religious. service or similar
`(ptp. of collocare), equiv. to col- COL) + loc(us) placc +
`41211.8 —ATE‘]
`activity, 12. Brit. Slang. a prison.
`[1350—1400; ME <
`ally long, black, tan, and white or sable and white coat,
`AF, MF < L Collégiurn, equiv. to col? COL»I + log, var.
`col-lo-ca-tion (kol/a ka’shen), n.
`1. the act of col—
`raised originally in Scotland for herding sheep.
`[1645—
`s. of legcrc to gather 4'
`ium.
`-IUM; cf. (:oLLEAGuE]
`55; perh. Scots colle COAL (in reference to the original
`locating. 2. the state or manner of being collocated. 3.
`coloration of the breed) + -IE; cf. ME Collc dog's name]
`the arrangement, esp. of words in a sentence. 4. Ling. a
`Col/legs BOBI’dS’, Tradcmark.
`a standard set of ex»
`—coI/Iie-Iik8’. adj.
`comccurrence of lexical items, as perform with operation
`aminations administered by a college entrance examina-
`
`tion board to evaluate aptitude and achievement in sev
`or commit with crime.
`[1595716053, < L collocation, (s.
`eral
`fields of
`study for
`students
`seeking college
`of collocatiB), equiv.
`to collocathis) (see COLLOCATE) +
`admissmn. Cf Scholastic Aptitude Test.
`-ion- inN] —col/lo-ca/tion-al, col/lo-ca/tive, adj.
`Col/lege of Arms’. See Heralds’ College.
`Col-Io-di
`(ks lo/dé: It. k6] lo/dé), n. Carlo {kar’lo; It.
`kaR/lo), (Carlo Lorenzini), 1826790, Italian writer: crea-
`Col/lege 0f Car/dinals,
`the chief ecclesiastical body
`tor of the story of Pinocchio.
`of the Roman Catholic Church, electing and advising the
`col-lo-di-on (ks lo’dé an). n.
`a yellowish, viscous,
`pope and comprising ali of the cardinals of the church.
`Official name, Sacred College of Cardinals.
`highly flammable solution of pyroxylin in other and al-
`cohol: used in the manufacture of photographic film, in
`Col/legs of Propagan/da. See under propaganda
`(def. 4b).
`engravmg and lithography, and in medicine chiefly for
`cementing dressings and sealing wounds.
`[1850—55;
`Col/loge Park/, 1. a city in N Georgia 24,632. 2. a
`alter. of NL collodium < Gk kollod<és) glutinous (kollm)
`city in central Maryland 23,614.
`glue + -odes -0nE‘) + .ium leM]
`collo’dion proc/ess, Photog. See wet plate proc=
`col-lege-pre-par-a-toory
`(kol/ij
`pri par/e tor/é,
`ess.
`[1865760]
`.tor’c), adj. preparing a student for academic work at
`1. to
`the college level.
`col-logue (ko log/L v.i., —Iogued, -Io-guing. Dial.
`[1595»
`confer secretly.
`2.
`to plot mischief; conspire.
`Col’lege Sta/tion. a city in F1 central Texas. 37,272.
`1605; perh. b. COLLUDE and DIALOGUE]
`col’lege tryl,
`Informal. maximum effort for success
`on behalf of one’s group, team, alma mater, etc. (usually
`col-loid (kol/oid). n.
`1. Physical Chem. a substance
`made up of a system of particles with linear dimensions
`prec. by the phrase the old): We may not make the dead-
`line. but we’ll give it the old college try.
`[1050 55]
`in the range of about 10’7 to 5 x 10 ‘5 cm diSpersed in a
`continuous gaseous, liquid, or solid medium whose properties
`colvle-gial
`(kn le’jel, -je 61; for 2 also ke lé/gé all, adj.
`depend on the large specific surface area. The particles can
`1. collegiate. 2. of'or characterized by the collective re,
`be large molecules like proteins, or solid, liquid, or gaseous
`sponsibility shared by each ofa group of colloagues, With
`aggregates and they remain dispersed indefinitely. Cf. aero-
`minimal supervision from above.
`[lBOOéOg ME < l. col,
`sol, emulsion, gel, sol‘, su5pensian. 2. Med. 3 colloidal
`legiolis. See COLLEGE, AL‘] —col-le’gi-aI-ly. adv.
`substance 1n the body, as a stored secretion or a cyst. —adj.
`col-le-gi-al-ioty (ka lc’jé al/i té, ~gé-),
`r1.
`cooperative
`
`.on)
`3. P]hysicul Chem. colloidal.
`[1840—50; < Gk krillhi) glue +
`coNCIsE ETYMOLUGY KEY: <, descended or borrowed from.
`T»,
`col-loi-dal
`(ke loid’l), adj. Physical Chem. pertaining
`whence; b., blend of, blended; c, cognate With. cf, com are; deriv.
`to or of the naturo of a colloid: colloidal old and silver.
`del'ZVaUVel equiv, equivalent; imit., imitative; obl, obique, In, re-
`[18604;5; COLLOID + AAL'] ——coI-loi-dgal-i-ty (kol/oi-
`placing; s, stem; 59., spelling. spoiled; resp.. respelling, respelled;
`dal/i to), n. —col-lol/dal-Iy, ado.
`trans, transaticn; ‘.’, or: n unknown;
`‘. unattested;
`It, probably
`
`earlier than. See the full "523/ inside the front cover.
`
`collie
`2 ll. 10.6 m;
`
`high at shoulder
`
`1. a ship for carrying coal. 2. a
`col-lier (kollysr), n.
`coal miner. 3. Obs. a person who carries or sells coal.
`[1300—50, ME coliere; see COAL, JER‘]
`COI'Iier (kol’yar), n, Jeremy. 15501 726, English cler—
`gyman and author.
`col-lieroy (kol’yo re), n., pl. ~Ilar-ies.
`a coal mine, in.
`cluding all buildings and equipment.
`[1625435, COLLIER
`+ -v”]
`col-lie-shang-ie (kol’e shang/é), n. Scot. a noisy row;
`brawl.
`[173'y45; of obscure orig]
`to
`1.
`col-li-gate (kol/i gov), u.t.. -gat-ed. -gat-ing.
`bind or fasten together. 2. Logic. to link (facts) together
`by a general description or by a hypothesis that applies
`to them all.
`[1425775 for obs. adj. sense “bound to-
`gether"; 1535745 for def 1; < L culligatus (ptp. of col-
`ligarc), equiv. to col, COL-‘ + ligEL- (s. of ligELre to bind)
`+ —tus ptp. endingl —col/li-ga/tion, n.
`col-li-gavtive (kol’i gin/UV). adj, Physical Chem.
`(of
`the properties of a substance) depending on the number
`
`4———‘
`0003
`0003
`
`

`

`
`
`742
`
`foe
`
`flylng suulrrel.
`Glaucumys volons,
`head and body 8 in.
`(20 cm); tail 4 in.
`
`(10 cm)
`
`flying squirrel
`
`surrounding areas, as reflected in a set of isoglosses
`fly-way (fli’wéfl), n.
`a route between breeding and
`more or less concentrically surrounding it. Cf relic area,
`fly/ing squirlrel, any of various nocturnal tree squir—
`wintering areas taken by concentrations of migrating
`transition area.
`rels, as Glaucomys volans, of the eastern U.S., having
`birds.
`[1890 95; ELY’ + WAY]
`folds of skin connecting the fore and hind legs, permit-
`folcal infec’tion. Pothol., Dentistry. an infection in
`
`ting long, gliding leaps. [1605—15]
`fly-weight (Hi/wat/), n. a boxer or other contestant of
`which bacteria are localized in some region, as the ton-
`the lightest competitive class, esp. a professional boxer
`sils or the tissue around a tooth, from which they may
`weighing up to 1121b. (51 kg).
`[1905—10; ELY” + WEIGHT]
`spread to some other organ or structure of the body.
`fly-wheel
`(fli’hwél’, —wel/), n. Mach. a heavy disk or
`[1920—25]
`wheel rotating on a shaft so that its momentum gives al—
`fo-cal-éze (fo’ka 132/),
`12.15., v.i., ~1zed, -iz-ing.
`1.
`to
`most uniform rotational speed to the shaft and to all con—
`bring or come to a focus. 2. to localize. Also, esp. Brit,
`nected machinery.
`[1775—85; FLY‘ + WHEEL]
`fo/caI-iseI.
`[183545; FOCAL 4— 712E] —fo/caI-i-za/-
`tion. n.
`FM, 1. Electronics. frequency modulation: a method of
`impressing a signal on a radio carrier wave by varying
`f0, cal Iangthh Optics.
`1. the distance from a focal
`the frequency of the carrier wave. 2. Radio. a system of
`point of a lens or mirror to the corresponding principal
`radio broadcasting by means of frequency modulation.
`plane. Symbol: f 2. the distance between an object lens
`3. of, pertaining to, or utilizing such a system. Cf. AM.
`and its corresponding focal plane in a telescope. Also
`Fm, Symbol, Chem.
`fermium
`called fo’cal dis/tance.
`[1745—55]
`fm, Symbol, Physics.
`femtometer.
`f0,cal plane/. Optics. 1. a plane through a focal point
`and normal to the axis of a lens, mirror, or other optical
`fin" 1. fathom. 2. from.
`system. Cf. principal plane. 2. the transverse plane in
`f.m.,_ (in prescriptions) make a mixture. [< L fiat mis—
`a telescope where the real image of a distant view is in
`tum]
`focus.
`[1890—95]
`FMB, Federal Maritime Board.
`fo/cal-plane shut/tor
`(fo’kal pldn’), Photog.
`a
`camera shutter situated directly in front of the film! Cf.
`FMC, Federal Maritime Commission.
`curtain shutter.
`[1900—05]
`Ffics, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.
`fo/cal point/, 1. Also called principal focus. Optics.
`FM cyclotron. Physics.
`synchrocyclotron.
`either of two points on the axis of a mirror, lens, or other
`EMKH finmark; Finnish markka. Also, FMk
`optical system, one oint being such that rays diverging
`fn, footnote.
`from it are deviated)parallel to the axis upon refraction
`or reflection by the system and the other point being
`FNMA, Federal National Mortgage Association.
`such that rays parallel to the axis of the system converge
`f-number (ef’num’bar), n. Optics, Photog.
`a number
`to the point upon refraction or reflection by the system.
`2. the point at which all elements or aspects converge;
`corresponding to the ratio of the focal length to the di-
`ameter of a lens system, esp. a camera lens. In f/ 1.4, 1.4
`center of activity or attention: The focal point of our dis;
`is the i'rnumber and signifies that the focal length of the
`cussion was the need for action. 3. the central or princi-
`lens is 1.4 times as great as the diameter. Abbr.: f/, f/, f,
`pal point of focus.
`[1705—15]
`f: Also, 1' number. Also called focal ratio, speed, stop
`fvnumber. 11925—30]
`folcal ra/tio, Optics, Photog.
`number. Cf relative aperture.
`[1890—95]
`fO/ cal sei/zure. Pathol.
`an epileptic manifestation
`F0 (f6), n. Chinese. Buddha (def. 1).
`arising from a. localized anomaly in the brain, as a small
`f0.,
`folio.
`tumor or scar, and usually involving a single motor or
`sensory mechanism but occasionally spreading to other
`F.O., 1. field officer. 2. foreign office. 3. Mil. forward
`observer.
`areas and causing convulsions and loss of consciousness.
`Foch (fosh; Fr.
`fosh), n. Fer-di-nand (fer. dé nan’),
`foal
`(fol), n. 1. a young horse, mule, or related animal,
`1851—1929, French marshal.
`esp. one that is not yet one year of age. —v.t., ui. 2. to
`fo-ci
`(fa/5i, —ki), n. a pl. of focus.
`give birth to (a colt or filly).
`[bef. 950; (n.) ME fole, OE
`fola; c. OHG folo (G Fohlen); akin to L pullus young an-
`fo-com-eoter (f5 kom’i tor), n. Optics. an instrument
`imal, Gk pfilos foal; (v.) ME, deriv. of the n.]
`for measuring the focal length of a lens or other optical
`foam (fom), n.
`1. a collection of minute bubbles
`system.
`[1850—55; roc(us) i
`-o- + —METER]
`formed on the surface of a liquid by agitation, fermenta—
`fo'c's’le (fok/sel), n. Nout.
`forecastle. Also, fo'c'sle.
`tion, etc.: foam on a glass of beer. 2. the froth of perspi-
`[resp., reflecting syncope and loss of pre—consonantal r]
`ration, caused by great exertion, formed on the skin of a
`fo-cus (fa/keg), n., pl. -cus-as, -ci (-si, -k1), v., -cused,
`horse or other animal. 3. froth formed from saliva in
`-cus-ing or (esp. Brit.) mussed, -cuscslng. —n.. 1. a
`the mouth, as in epilepsy and rabies. 4. a thick frothy
`central point, as of attraction, attention, or activity: The
`substance, as shaving cream. 5. (in firefighting) a. a
`need to prevent a nuclear war became the focus of all
`chemically produced substance that smothers the flames
`diplomatic efforts. 2. Physics. a point at which rays of
`on a burning li uid by forming a layer of minute, stable,
`heat-resistant
`ubbles on the liquid’s surface. b.
`the
`light, heat, or other radiation, meet after being refracted
`or reflected. 3. Optics. 3. the focal point of a lens. 1!.
`layer of bubbles so formed. 6. a dispersion of gas bub-
`the focal
`length of a lens. a.
`the clear and sharply
`bles in a solid, as foam glass, foam rubber, polyfoam, or
`defined condition of an image.
`:1.
`the position of a
`foamed metal. 7. Literary. the sea. —u.i. 8. to form or
`viewed object or the adjustment of an optical device nec-
`ather foam; emit foam; froth. —v.t. 9.
`to cause to
`oam. 10. to cover with foam; apply foam to: to foam a
`essary to produce a clear image: in focus; out of focus.
`4. Geom. (of a conic section) a point having the property
`runway before an emergency landing.
`11.
`to insulate
`that the distances from any point on a curve to it and to
`with foam. 12. to make (plastic, metal, etc.) into a foam.
`a fixed line have a constant ratio for all points on the
`13. foam at the mouth. to be extremely or uncontrolla
`curve. See diag. under ellipse, hyperbola, parabola. 5.
`bly angry.
`[bef. 900; ME fom, OE fam: c. G Feim]
`Geol. the point of origin of an earthquake. 6. Pothol.
`—foam/a-ble, adj. !foam/er, n. —foamling-Iy, adv.
`the primary center from which a disease develops or in
`—foam’less, adj. steam/liken adj.
`which it localizes. —v.t. 7. to bring to a focus or into
`—$yn. 1. froth, spume, head, fizz; scum.
`focus: to focus the lens of a camera. 8. to concentrate: to
`a uniform
`foamed! metlal,
`Chem., Metallurgy.
`focus one’s thoughts. —v.i. 9.
`to become focused.
`foamlike metal structure produced when hydrogen bubs
`1635-45; < L: fireplace, hearth] —fo’cus-a~ble, adj.
`—fofcus-er, n.
`bles are evolved from metal hydrides uniformly dis,
`—5yn. 1. center, heart. core, nucleus.
`persed throughout a host metal or metal alloy: used as a
`structural material because of its shock—absorbing prop
`erties and light weight. Also, foam/ met/al.
`A
`[1935—40]
`foamed! plasltic. See expanded plastic.
`foam-flow-er
`(fém’flou/er), n.
`a North American
`plant, Tmrello cordifolia, havin a cluster of small, usu—
`ally white flowers. Also called also miterwort.
`[1890—
`95; FOAM + FLOWER]
`foam! glass’, cellular glass made by fusing powdered
`glass with carbon part'cles or other gas-generating ma-
`terial, used chiefly for industrial purposes.
`[1945—50]
`foam! rub/her. a li ht, spongy rubber, used for mat-
`tresses, cushions, etc.
`1940—45]
`foam-y (fa/me), adj, foam~i-er, foam-best. 1. cov-
`ered with or full of foam. 2. consisting of foam. 3.
`resemblin foam. 4. pertaining to foam.
`[bef. 1000; ME
`foray, O
`ffimig. See FOAM, —v'] —foam’i-ly, adv.
`—foam/i-ness, n.
`fobl
`(fob), n. 1. a small pocket just below the waistline
`in trousers for a watch, keys, change, etc. Cf. watch
`pocket. 2. a short chain or ribbon, usually with a me
`dallion or similar ornament, attached to a watch and
`worn hanging from a pocket. 3. the medallion or ornae
`
`ment itself.
`[164i55; or‘
`. uncert; cf. G dial. Fuppe
`pocket]
`full2 (fob), v.t., fobbed, fob-bins. 1. Archaic. to cheat:
`deceive. 2. fob off. a. to cheat someone by substituting
`something s urious or inferior; palm off (often fol. by
`on): He trie
`to fob offon inferior brand on us.
`I). to put
`(someone) off by deception or trickery: She fobbed us off
`with false promises.
`[1350-1400; ME fobben; c. G foppen
`to delude; cf. roux]
`f.0.b., Com.
`free on board: without charge to the buyer
`for goods placed on board a carrier at the point of ship-
`ment: automobiles shipped fob. Detroit. Also, F.0.B.
`FOBS, See fractional orbital bombardment system.
`Also, F.0.B.S.
`[168&
`fo-cal
`(fa/kal), adj. of or pertaining to a focus.
`95; < NL focolis. See FOCUS, eAL’] —fo/cal'ly, adv.
`fo’cal ar/ea, Ling.
`(in dialect geography) an area
`whose dialect has exerted influence on the dialects of
`
`in
`1. a start, as in sailboat racing,
`fly/in; start/.
`which the entrants begin moving before reaching the
`starting line. 2. a start or beginning of anything, char—
`acterized by the participant’s vigor and enthusiasm and
`sometimes by a certain advantage over competitors:
`She’s off to a flying start in her new job.
`[1850—55]
`flyling tacklle, Football.
`a tackle made by hurling
`all.
`gne’s body through the air at the player carrying the
`the American Volunteer Group (AVG), who
`ought
`Fly/ing Ti/gers.
`the nickname of US. fighter fpilots,
`against the Japanese in China during World War 11.
`flying wingl. Aeron, an airplane whose wings form
`almost all the airframe, with the fuselage almost or en-
`tirely within the wing structure.
`[1935—40]
`fly-leaf
`(fli’léf/), n., pl. -Ieaves.
`a blank leaf in the
`front or the back ofa book.
`[1825—35; FLY‘ (n., in combi—
`nation: something fastened by the edge) .1. LEAF]
`fly/ line’, Angling. a line for use in fly»fishing.
`fly/ loftl, Theat.
`fly‘ (def. 37).
`a stagehand,
`fly-man (fli/man), n., pl. -man. Theat.
`esp. one who operates the apparatus in the flies.
`[1835—
`45; er‘ + -MANj
`fly/ nev, a net or fringe to protect a horse from flies
`or other insects.
`fly-off
`(fli/of/,
`-of/), n.
`1. Meteorol.
`evapotran—
`spiration (def.
`l). 2. a competition between aircraft of
`various manufacturers to establish superior perfor-
`mance, es .
`in order to gain a government contract.
`[1965—70; def. 1) prob. rm" + (RUN)0FF; (def. 2) ”W +
`. orr]
`1. a formation of aircraft in
`(fli’o/ver), n.
`fly'O-VBI‘
`flight for observation from the ground, esp. a prear—
`ranged, low—altitude flight over a public gathering. 2. a
`flight over a simulated target by a bomber or bombing
`planes. 3. a flight over a specified area, as for viewing:
`We booked a one-hour flyover of the Grand Canyon. 4.
`the action of passing or
`ying overhead; rumors of an—
`other UFO flyover. 5. Brit. an overhead crossing, esp. a
`highway overpass.
`[1900—05; 11. use of v. phrase fly over]
`fly-pa-per
`(fli’pa/per), n. paper designed to destroy
`flies by catching them on Its sticky surface or poisoning
`them on contact.
`[1840—50; FLY2 + PAPER]
`fly-past (fli’pasV, - saw), 11.
`flyby (def. 2a).
`[191mm
`[1. use of v. phrase f past]
`
`fly’
`rail/,
`1. Furniture.
`a horizontally swinging
`bracket
`for supporting a drop leaf.
`2. Also called
`flyI-rail/, worklng rail. Theat. the upper row of pins or
`cleats on a pin rail, used for tying off or fastening lines of
`scenery to be flied.
`[1850—55]
`Fly’ Riv/er (fli), a river in New Guinea, flowing SE
`from the central part to the Gulf of Papua, ab. 800 mi.
`(1290 km) long.
`fly/ rod’. Angling. a light, extremely flexible fishing
`rod specially designed for use in fly-fishing.
`[1675—85]
`flysch (flish), n. Geol. an association of certain types of
`marine sedimentary rocks characteristic of deposition in
`a foredeep. L1845—55; < G < Swiss G flisch referring to
`such deposits in the Swiss Alps; perh. akin to Swabian
`dial. flirts slate (akin to FLINT”
`fly/ sheath a sheet on which instructions or informa—
`tion are printed; handbill.
`[1825—35]
`fly-speck (fli’s ek’), n.
`1. a speck or tiny stain from
`the excrement o a fly. 2. any minute spot. 3. Plant
`Pathol. a disease of pome fruits, characterized by small,
`raised, dark spots on the fruit, caused by a fungus, Lep-
`tothyrium pomi.
`——u,t. 4.
`to mark with flyspecks.
`[1850—55; rm“ + SPECK]
`fly-strlke (fll/strik/), n. Vet. Pathol. myiasis.
`[1935—
`40]
`fly/ swat/tar,
`a device for killing flies, mosquitoes.
`and other insects, usually a square sheet of wire mesh
`attached to
`a
`long
`handle. Also,
`flyl-swat/ter,
`fly/swat/ter.
`[1885—90]
`flyte (nit), v.i., flyt-ed, flyt-ing. n. Scot. and North
`Eng.
`flite.
`fly-ti-er (fli/ti/ar), n. Angling. a person who makes ar-
`tificial lures for flyefishing.
`[1880—85; rm?2 + T115112]
`fly-trap (fli’trapV), n. 1. any of various plants that en—
`trap insects, esp. Venus’s—flytrap. 2. a trap for flies.
`[176&75; ELY“ + TRAP‘]
`fly-up (fli/up/l, n. a formal ceremony at which a girl
`leaves her Brownie troop, receives a pair of embroidered
`wings for her uniform, and becomes a member of an in-
`termediate Girl Scout troop.
`[n. use of v. phrase fly up]
`
`concxsr E'I'YMOLOGY KEY: <, descended or borrowed from; >,
`whence; b., blend of, blended; c., cognate with; cf., compare; deriv.,
`derivative; equiv, equivalent; imit, imitative; obl., oblique; r., re-
`placing; s., stem; sp., spelling, spelled; resp., respelling. respellsd;
`trons, translation; “.7. ori
`'u unknown; ‘, unattested; i, probably
`earlier than. See the full ey inside the front cover.
`
`
`
`
`F, focus
`(def. 3)
`L, focal length;
`A, convex lens;
`
`B, concave lens
`
`fo’cusing clothl, an opaque cloth surrounding the
`ground glass of a camera so as to shield the eyes of the
`photographer fzom light that would otherwise prevent
`seeing the image in the ground glass.
`[18W55]
`fo/cusing screenl, Photog. See under reflex cam-
`era.
`[1855—60]
`fod-der (fod’er), n. 1. coarse food fo