NEWTON’s
`TELECOM _
`é DICTIONARY
`
`The Official Dictionary of Telecommunications
`Networking and Internet
`‘
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`NEWTON: TELECOM DIGIOIIAIIY
`
`copyright © 2001 Harry Newton
`email: Harry_Newton@HarryNewton.com
`personal Web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`business web site: www.1ecl‘mologylnvestor.corn
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions,
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereotin any form whatsoever.
`
`Published by CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media Inc.
`Converging Communications Group
`12 West 21 Street
`
`New York, NY 10010
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`For individual or quantity orders
`CMP Books
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`Distributed to the book trade in the U5. and Canada by
`Publishers Group West
`1700 Fourth St, Berkeley, CA 94710
`Phone: 510-528-1444
`ISBN Number 16782040695
`
`February 2001
`
`Seventeenth Edition
`
`Matt Kelsey, Publisher
`Christine Kern, Manager
`Ray Horak, Managing Editor
`Omar Mirabel, Cover Artist
`Donal Roldan, Inside Layout Artist
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Von Hottmann Graphics
`Owensville, MO 65066
`
`

`

`Continuity Chock Tone CU A single frequency of 2000 I'll whichIs trans
`mitted by the sending exchange and looped bodr by the receiving exdronge. Reception of
`the returned indicates the channelIs working See till-T Recommendation27].
`Continuous Award usedIn voice recognition to mom a type of recognition that
`requires on pause between utterances.
`Continuous It‘ll! thisIs a feature of some Ehones [especially cellular phones)
`that sends taudrtone sounds for as long as the keyrs eid down, allowing access to soar
`ices sudr as voice mail and nrrswenng machines that need lahg-durotillrr tones Some
`phones automatically have continuous Illicit; some dont. it’s worth dreclhrg Continuous
`DTIIIF makes I lot more sense.
`Continuous Information Environment item for the wodd we true
`in -- in which infonrrolion (text, voiae, video images, etc.)rs flowing at as continuous-
`h. And our iobIs, somehow, to omega the infermotiorl The ideaIs to use the new com-
`puter telephony terrrrs to manage the information.
`'
`Continuous I’lrau Modulation CI'M. An allio‘ent means at modulator for
`purposes of digital transmission over a radio system, such as microwave. CPI'II modulates
`the signal by charging its phase, or position, mudr as does Phase Shift Keyirrg (PSII) in
`modems. {PMIs a memorydependent tedrnique which requires that the receirin device
`compare Ilre value of the startirrgpbase of the transmitted signal to the value of
`e end-
`
`lllflsplm of the previously trarmnitted signal Thereby, the value ofthe transmittedsym-
`
`ngnn
`Continuously Variabio Capable of having one ofIn infinite number of values,
`
`can be determined, as long as the trcnsrnitter and receiver are ccrrefully synchronized
`and the bit irrteorais, tincture, are consistent in time Each value can represent one or
`more bits, depending on whether a compression techniqueIs used toImprove the efficien-
`cyof daid trnrrsmissinn. See also PSK.
`Continuous Wanton CItI A series of electromagnetic waves or cycles, all of which
`have a constant or unvaryirrg amplitude. Continuous wave usually refers to thenon
`of a
`devic? (eg. on optical fiber laser) whichIs turned on, butwhichlIs notmodel
`with a
`differing from each other by an orhihalfty small amount. “orally used to describe amlog
`signals or analog transmission
`Contract For the
`nose developing applicationsIn the telecommunications industry,
`there are two types
`contracts: Active and Passive. An active contmct is one you mrrst
`sign. A passive contract is the type of conhact you find in a software package. liy opening
`the shrink wrapped podcoge, you are committing yourself to the terms of the contract
`inside the package a the terms of which mostly consist of not dupircating the software
`in on urrouihorized'way.
`Control In switching systerrrs, ire ovend contrci of the strides this 'Ircirdesnron
`detemrirevdreooctianis needed, lagictndeterrninewhatoction'Is rreeded, nntho
`itlliaie the actions.
`Control Cable h multiconductor cable made for operation in cannot or signal cir-
`cuits.
`
`Control Channel A cenhol charrrrel'Is a logic channel canyIngrreiwork ‘IIionnation
`ratherthan actual voice or data messages. Wrthirr a cellular telephonesystem, servant of the
`channels are assigned as control’ channels Instead of scppnting voice communications
`
`‘
`
`monitor a
`
`I
`
`Context» Corporation / Control Equipmont
`
`tention and lost See also Ethemet.
`Contoxt Cuf oration in independent consultancy headed by Ray Harak,
`Consulting Editarof
`ewton’s Telecom Dictionary. Infect, and according to Horair's math-
`or, wife and children, Tire Canton Ction is the world's greatest consuitnncy, headed
`bthe worldssg‘rfotest, sweetest andmosthmdsome man. flute: Herok’s err-wives (and
`others) have a
`red dritering and unpnntable definitions.
`
`Context-Baud Access Control See CBAC
`Contoxt Doponrlont Soft lioyo Many telephones now have on ICD screen
`Sornetimes such screens have unmarked keys underneath them and/or at their side. What
`these keys do depends on the “labels” appenand on the screen. They are called‘content
`dopendent’ because what those keys do dep
`s on where the callIs at that time. The
`first context dependent soft keys were on the Mitel SuperSet 4 phones. When the hand-
`set was resting on the phone, only three of the six context sensitive keys had meaning
`Onesaid 'ngrom,’ onesoid “g'r'l'rs and onesoid “Radial." When you pillsdcedthe hone
`up, three buttons would now be alive One would say 'Fage," one wouldsoypl"‘Red'rall’”and
`one would say "Hangupf If the phone rang and you picked it In, one button world now
`say "trans/conf” (meaning transfer/conference. When onodrer phone was ringing. one
`button would say ”Pickup,” lettin youpush that ixrtton and curswer someone elses
`hone. And so on. the neatest'IIn errrentniion of context sensitive keys was probably on
`the Telemvo (now no longer manufactured). in one point when you were in voice mail,
`this hone's six buttons looked exactly like a cassette recorder —- record, play, tastier-
`war, fast reverse etc. It was brilliant No one has ever made using voice mail so easy.
`Cont-It Ito s Buttorrs on a phone or device that have a display next to thorn. The
`buttons perform ifferent furrcfions depending on the what the screen shows when you
`press thebutton See Context Dependent Saftkeys
`Canton! Sonsitirro Aterm from the computerindus which means that 'Help'
`is only a keystroke away. Hitil and Help information willfl
`on the screen. that infor-
`mation will be relevant to what youre doing now, i..e that help'Is IrriIhin the contest of
`what's going on It ht this moment. See also Context Dependent Soft Keys
`Context SIII Nil The technique with which on Intel 30186 microprocessor handles
`multitasking:5 called a context switch. The CHI performs a curtain switch when it trans-
`fers control from one task to another. In the process, it saves the pmcrnrr state (includ-
`mgregistars) ofonetaslc, Ilren loodsthevaluesforthe iaslcthotistoking cenhol. Context
`switching is the kind at IlIIrltitaski
`thata done'In standard mode Windows, where the
`CPUswifdusfromonetasktoone or,mtherthatallocatingtimetoeachtaskInturn, as
`in times In
`Contextual leonrlnorco Imagine you receive a email from your friendly Cl}
`supplier.‘.n it, he tcdks about the latest from Madonna. The email mentions the name of
`the CD You notice its theIs in blue and underlined— like a hot link to a Web site. You
`click on it. hstandy, youve bought the CD. You receive it the next day by Fedex Iiirrgo,
`we now have contextual eoommerce.
`Contiguoun Port Ports ocorrring in unbroken numeric sequence.
`Contiguous Slottiag This term refers to the process of selecting Individual use
`circuits within a asr arcurtor use circuit which are odincent to one anoilrer. Due tollthe
`timing drilerence whidr can result when nonadiacent channels are selected, conti
`slotted channels are preferable when the and equipment is desigred in multiples
`e iundi-
`vidual lowspeed channels into a single, higher speed connection.
`Contiguous United States The Iron within the barndaries of the D'slricl of
`Colrrmbia and the 48 contigrous states as we!
`the offshore areas outdde the boundaries
`of the coastal stores of the tilt contiguous states, (torturing artificial iskrns,d crnchored vessels
`and fired structures erectedin such offshore areas for the pumose of exploring for, develop
`commuting and transporting resources therefrom) to the extent that such areas ospertcin
`round aresubrsubiecttotheltnsdich‘on cIrd orntrelofihe United Stateswithinthemeoningrd
`the Other Continental She
`ImdAct, 43 ll.51'. Section 1331, etseq.
`Continental ll'elocol Inc. CONTEL It telephone company made up ofmare
`than I500 email phone commutes.
`In I990 rt merged with Cili'it] a tastree swap of
`shares CDNTEL was formed and grown b Chades'r'iolrlsteiter, on erstockhroker, who
`became financially comfortable (to say the least)in the process of growing CONTEL In late
`1990, CDIITEI merged with GTE, whichIs a euphemism for GTE buying Contel
`Continentallorso Code See Ir'rnrse Code.
`Continuity in unintenupterl electrical path
`Continuity Clrnclc A dreck to determine whether electrical current flows continu-
`ously throughout the length of a single wire on individual wires 'II a cable.
`
`172
`
`atinn, so at
`
`e use stcr
`
`.
`
`those We“ allow the hnsugusdtyahon to momto the callulnr menIn its
`aura.
`u
`canto
`fion tlrnt mm bestsignd
`”ll
`Control Charactor A nan-printing ASCII character which conaols the flow of com
`municatiarrs or a device. Conhol droracters are entered from computer terminal k
`boards
`by holding down the Control key (marked [Till on most keyboards] whie the otter is
`Eressed. in ring a bell at a remote telex terminal, an operator could hold down the URI
`ey, and tap the 'G' key, since ContrnlEIs the BELL drorocter. Most com
`Is display
`Control as the “I" character in hontioi the designated letter. For examphlltti‘spis the
`Carrioge Return character.
`'
`lJCCIEntI'ui Circuit ii.2i Interface circuitusedto send cenhol informationfrom hit to
`Control Connections A Central II'CC links the [EC to the LECS. Control IICCs also
`link the LEC to the [ES and carry lE_IiRP traffic and control frames. The cenhol II'CCs never
`cany data frames.
`_
`Control Emuipnont I. The cenhol "broir'rs" of a telephoness.ystem that part
`which controls
`a signding and switching to the attached telephones Known as the KSU
`[or key service unit}In a key system.
`
`

`

`gnome, or a Second Edition, or a software release with a number that differs from the re—
`pious one because it includes a numbers after the decimd point. for example, Side
`a
`4g is HEW
`4dhimprovod software. Side Office 4.0T is a bug fix or service package
`tirr Si e
`.
`.
`Sacrifice Period‘ The time during which the telephone company hurrishes a circuit.
`Service Observing Perlorl [monlhth telephone company term. l‘dl basi-
`Dess days of a month (carproximately 22 days). h is recommended that the paind estab-
`gslred for measuring cfial tone speed and incoming matching loss coincide as closely as pos-
`sible with the Service Observing Month.
`Service Point; The points on the arstorner's premises where such channels or facil~
`tries are tenninated in switchirg equipment used for communications with phones or cus-
`tomer-provided equipment located on the prenises.
`Service Porlehilll A telephone company AIN term. Tire abiity of an and user
`to retain the some geogrop ic or nongeographic to
`number ltlAth numbers) as
`hrs/she changes from one type of service to another. a tth Number Portability Workshop
`agreed that HARP numbers (e.g., 800, 500, 555, 950) should not be service por1able for
`nflmfiom outside of their marectbre industry approved service definifians or guidelines,
`3
`these definitions or guidelines err'rst.
`Service Profile Idenlllier Sea SPlD.
`Service Provider 1. A Windows Telephony hp lications standard which lies
`between Windows Telephony and the network. It defines
`the network —— anytlriag
`from PDTS to H, from a llarthem Telecom to on ATET PBX
`-— shall
`interface to Windows Telephony. which in turn talks to the Applications
`mm Interface, whidr talks to the Windows telephony applications software. See
`Win
`any.
`'
`2. An organization that provides connections to a part of the Internet. if you want to can
`nectyour company's network, or even your personal computer, to the format, you have
`to to
`to a "service provider.” Also called an ISP, is. Internet Service Provider.
`3. A service provider is also a company which provides informatim to people who cal up
`on a phone or an a modem.
`'
`d. An SCSA computer telegram; definition. An addressable entity providing oppliaation and
`administrative support to
`a client enviromnent by responrhng to client requests and main-
`trining the operational integrity of the server.
`5. A telecommunications service provider.
`Service Provider Messages An SCSA definition. The message inlamration
`roquied by, and provided by, the service provider to perform its functions in the enviou-
`mall whidr it is installed. Contrast with SCSA Message l’rotocal Interface. See Service
`r.
`“undid; Provider "$1?in Willi” SFtll. An 'rderrtrfier' for the serv-
`ne
`operating a aortic
`'
`Ice
`Service Provider Porlnlriliiy Ateleplrone company Alli term. Tire abiity of
`an and user to retain the same geographic or
`eographic telephone number (NANP
`numbers} as lie/she change form one service p
`' or to another.
`Service Provisioning ‘I'ool Whatthecornpaterindustrycallsanetworkmanufi;é
`the teleprone inrhsny calls a service provisioning tool. It is a complex piece of software
`allows telephone companies to contacttfreir various switches and sundry comprners dispersed
`over a wide geographic area, to log onto those machines and to" upload,
`load and or-
`'
`those machines so they are able to make Shower, crew, updated software services for
`telephone industry's customers. Telephone companies use various networks to gettnto
`that remote switdrethase networks mightvaryfrom diol-upto lSDll topacketswitched net-
`works to it .The better service provisioning taoLs allow one technia’an in one place to update
`oral test multiple central offices and computers sinerltaneously.
`Service Qualilyh call center term. A measure of how well staffing nratches work'
`load, expressed often as average delay fin answering a call).
`Service 'I'ernrlnol The equipment needed to terminate the channel and connect to
`the phone carporatus or customer terminal.
`Service Traffic Management STM. the platform functionality for detecting
`overloads associated with a spedlic service and for sendirg servicespecific control mes-
`sages to the appropriate entities. STM is the SLEE [Service
`to Execution Environment}
`
`functionality for detecting overloads associated with a fic service and for searing
`
`e SNSM (Service Negotiation
`to the appra tote entities.
`Automatic {ado Gap more
`mtions App notion) also provides SThl
`(Service Traffic
`and Management) DA {
`Managementt-related capobi tries
`
`Service Period / Session Key
`
`Service Switching Point SSP. A telephone company MN term. it switching sys
`tem, includi
`its remotes, that identifies coils associated with intelligent network services
`and initiates
`ialogaes with the 50’s in vrlv'ch the logic for the services resides. See SSP.
`Services Menu melt System Sills. bdministers 300 Data Base Service
`numbers on a national
`'
`. [astorner records for 300 Service are entered into the SEI’
`through this system. See Eighthundred Service.
`Services llocle SN. A network system in the Alli ardritectare comatning functions
`that enable flexible information interactions between an end user and the network.
`Services On Demand An ATET term for the immediate provision of alrrrost any
`nehvark service through universal ports, whenever required
`a user; as opposed to pro
`vision via art expensive, time consuming, inflexible service
`or procm
`Serving Iron Interface A serving area interface is part of a phone company’s
`outside plcurt. It is a fancy name for a ban on a
`la, a has attached to a wall or a loan it
`the ground that connects the phone company’s folder or. subfeeder cables (those coming
`from the central office) to the drop wires or buried service wires that connect to the cus-
`tomers premises.
`it’s also called a cross-woe box. See also Feeder Final and Drop Wire.
`Sol-vi
`Closet Tire
`rol term used to refer to either a riser or a satellite closet;
`Satellite or "not: Satellite c sot.
`Serving Hollile halo Intermediate System A celular rarira term.
`The [DPT] network entity that operates the-Mobile Serving Function. The serving trill-IS
`communicates with and is the peer endpoint for the trtDti' connection to the til-ES.
`Serving Office An office of AT&T or its Connecting or [oncurring (aunts, from
`which interstate communications services are tarnished.
`Servllg Wire The term for the photo mother that serves the location, referring to
`the phone number and terrrrr'natirg wire as one unit. Usually applies to a PUTS number.
`Serving Wire .CIISII' The wire center from which service is provided to the cus-
`tamer.
`
`Servlel An applet that runs on a server. The term readily refers to a Java applet that
`runs within a Web server lt'rleb server environment. This is analogous to a Java applet that
`runs within a Web browser browser environment. lava servleb are becoming increasirgfy
`popular as an oltemative to (GI programs. The biggest differenoe between the two is that
`a lava chlet is persistent. This means that once it is started, it stays in memory and can
`fulfill our tiple requests. In contrast, a [GI program disappears once it has fulfilled a request.
`The persistence aflava applets rnakasthem fasterbemuse there's no ousted fine in set
`fing up and tuning down the process.
`Servo Short for servomechanisrn. Devices which constantly detect a variable, curd radius!
`a mechanism to remand to changes. it serve might monitor optical signal strength bounc-
`ing back from a disc's surface, and adiust the position of the head to compensate.
`SERVO” Service Order.
`SIS 1. Satellite Earth Stations.
`2. Severely Errored Second A second in which a severe number of arms are detected over
`a digital circuit. Each error comprises a code violation (Ell). such as a bipolar violation. The
`specific definition of SES depends on the type of circuit involved, e.g. T-T, T-3, {TIE-3 and
`0548. See also Gland ES.
`-
`.
`3. Source End Stafion: in ATM temrinatian point, which is the source of ATM messages of
`a connection, and is used as a reference ainrfor ADR services See DES.
`Serene Sears European System
`Applications in a Multtvendor tournament.
`Developed by the [CAM [European Computer hianufacturershssaciatioal. it is intended for
`very large networks of disparate origin.
`Session 1. A set of tronsnttters and receivers. and tire dotastreorns that flow benveen
`them. In other words, an active communication, measured from beginning to end, bets-ma
`devices or appliootions over a network.
`[than used in reference to tenninal-tornaiaframe
`connections. Also a data conversation between two devices, say, a ckrrnb temrinal and a
`
`mainlfrcrne. 15va be possible to have more than one session going between two devices
`
`.
`stmu taneou
`2. As defined under the Orange Book, a recorded segment of a compact disc wlridr may
`contain one or more tracks of any type {data or audio]. The session is a purely logical can-
`t; when a multisessian disc is mounted in a multisession [MOM player, what the user
`wil see is one large session encompassing all the data on the disc.
`Session Descrl
`tion Protocol See SUP.
`-
`Session initial on Protocol See SIP.
`Session lcey Adi ital key that is created by the cheat, encry ted, and sent to the
`server. This key is a
`to encrypt data mat by the client. See a
`Certifioate, Digitcd
`
`I
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`61?,
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