THE
`
`RANDOM HOUSE
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`OF THE
`
`ENGLISH
`
`LANGUAGE
`
`Second Edition
`
`Unabridged
`
`Capella 2007
`Fujitsu v. Capella
`IPR2015-00726
`
`0001
`
`

`
`Dedicated to the memory of
`Jess Stein
`
`COPYRIGHT © 1987, BY RANDOM HOUSE, INC.
`
`The Random HouseDictionary ofthe English Language and its abbreviations, RHD, RHDEL, RHD—I, and R
`Library of Congress Cataloging~in~Publication Data
`The Random House dictionary of the English language.
`(Random House dictionaries)
`1. English language—Dictionaries. I. Flexner,
`Stuart Berg. II. Series.
`PE1625.R3
`1987
`423
`87-4500
`ISBN 0—394-50050-4; 0394-565002 deluxe ed.
`
`nition ofa word or term is not intended to affect, or to express a judgment on, the validity or
`legal status ofthe word or term as a trademark, servioe mark, or other proprietary term.
`The Concise French Dictirmarjy, edited by Francesca L. V. Langbaum, Copyright © 1983, 1954, by Random House, Inc.
`The Concise German Dictionary, edited by Jenni Karding Moultun, Copyright © 1983, 1959, by Random House, Inc.
`The ConciseItalian Dictiomzrjv, edited by Robert A. Hall, J11, Copyright © 1983, 1957, by Random House, Inc.
`The Concise Spanish Dictionary, edited by Donald F. Sola‘, Copyright © 1983, 1954, by Random House, Inc.
`Entire contents ofthe Atlas, Copyright © 1987, by C. S. Hammond & Company.
`International Phonetic Alphabet, courtesy International Phonetic Association.
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`r.s/uh
`
`0002
`
`

`
`interaction among colleagues.
`-ITY]
`col-le-gian (kc léfjan, -jé an), n. 1. a student in, or a
`graduate of, a college. 2. a member ofa college.
`[1350-
`1400; ME < ML collégidnus, equiv. to collegi(um) GUL-
`LEGE + -onus -AN]
`col-le-glate (ka lé’jir., -jé it), adj.
`1. of or pertaining
`to a college: collegiate life. 2. of, characteristic of, or in-
`tended for college students: collegiate clothes; a collegiate
`clictionary. 3. of the nature of or constituted as a col-
`lege. —n. 4.
`(in Canada) See collegiate Institute.
`[1400-50; late ME < LL collegiotus. See COLLEGE, -ATE']
`——col-le/giate-ly. adv. -col-le/giate-ness, ri.
`collelgiate church’ . 1. a church that is endowed for
`a chapter of canons, usually with a dcan, and that has no
`bishop’s see. 2. (in the U.S.) a church or group of chur-
`ches under the general management of one consistory or
`session. 3. a consolidation of formerly distinct churches
`under one or more pastors. 4. (in Scotland) a church or
`congregation the active pastor of which is the colleague
`and successor of the emeritus pastor.
`[1400-50; late ME]
`colle/giate in/stitute.
`(in Canada) a fully accredited
`high school tcauhing academic subjects under the super-
`vision of a provincial government.
`col-le-gl-um (ka le/jé am). n., pl. -gioa (-jé o), -gi-ums.
`1. Eccles. college (def. 11). 2. :1 group of ruling officials
`each with equal rank and power, esp. one that formerly
`administered a Soviet commissariat.
`[1915-20;
`<1 L; see
`coLLEc.E]
`col-le-gi-um mu-si-cum (kn lé’jé em my-:TI’7.i koni;
`Lat. ko legie o"om/ nIo_o/si koom/),
`21 group of usually
`amateur musicians, often connected with a university,
`who meet to study and perform chiefly old or little-
`known music.
`[< N1; musical society]
`(of per-
`col le-gno (ko l§n’yo; It. kol le’nyL‘)), Music.
`formance with the bow on the strings of a stringed in-
`strument) with the wood.
`[< It]
`1. Also. col-
`col-lem-bo-Ian (ks lem’bs lan), adj.
`lem/bo-Iuus. belonging or pertaining to the insect order
`Collembola, comprising the springtails. —n. 2. a col
`lembolan insect; springtail.
`[1870; < NL Collembol(a)
`order name (equiv. to Gk kéllta) glue + émbola, pl. of
`émlialon wedge, stopper (see EMEOLUS); so named from
`the collophore) + -AN]
`a layer of
`11. But.
`col-len-chy-ma (ks leng’ke me),
`modified tissue consisting of cells that are thickened at
`the angles and usually elongated.
`[1825—35; < l\'L < Gk
`h6ll(a) glue + évichynw. contents (cn- EN-2 + chy-, s. of
`chein to pour + -ma Ii. suffix denoting result of action)]
`—col-len-chym-a-tous (kol/an kim/e tos), col-len-chy-
`mat-ic (ks leng’ka niatfik), adj.
`col-let
`(kol/it), n.., v., -let-ed, -let-ing. —n. 1. a collar
`or enclosing band. 2. the enclosing rim within which a
`jewel
`is set.
`3. a slotted cylindrical clamp inserted
`tightly into the tapered interior ofa sleeve or chuck on a
`lathe to hold a cylindrical piece of work. 4. Horol. the
`tiny collar that supports the inner terminal of a hair-
`spring. ——u.t. 5. to set (a gem or other stone) in a collet.
`[1520 30; < E, equiv. to col neck (_< L collum) + -et -ET]
`col-lide (ka 1111!), v., -lid-ed, -lid-ing. —v.i. 1. to strike
`one another or one against the other with a forceful im-
`pact; come into violent contact; crash: The two cars col-
`lided with an ear-splitting crash. 2. to clash; conflict:
`Their views on the matter collided. —v.l. 3. to cause to
`collide: drivers colliding their cars in on demolition derby.
`[1615-25; < L colliderc to strike together, equiv. to col-
`COL--‘
`l —lLderc, comb. form of lacdere to strike]
`—Syn. 1. hit, smash, clash.
`(ka li’dii-lg bem/),
`col-lid/ing-beam/ machine’
`Phys s.
`a particle accelerator in which positively and
`nega vely charged particles circulate in opposite direc-
`tions and collide head-on. Also called col-lid-er (ke lif-
`der).
`col-lie (kn!/9), n. one of a breed of dogs having a usu-
`ally long, black, tan, and white or sable and white coat,
`raised originally in Scotland for herding sheep.
`[1645-
`55; perh. Scots colle COAL (in reference to the original
`coloration of the breed) + -IE; cf. ME Colic dog's name]
`—coI/lie-like’. adj.
`
`[1885—90; COLLEGIAL +
`
`collie
`2 11. 40.6 m;
`high at shoulder
`
`collective unconscious
`
`speech and writing, COLLECTIVE NOUNS are usually not
`treated as both singular and plural in the same sentence:
`The enemy is fortifying its
`(not
`their) position. The
`enemy are bringing up their heavy artillery.
`When the COLLECTIVE NOUNS couple and pair refer to
`people, they are usually treated as plurals: The newly
`married couple have found (1 house near good transpor-
`tation.
`'l‘he pair are busy furnishing their new home.
`The CoLLEcTIvE NOUN number, when preceded by a,
`is
`treated as a plural: A number of solutions were sug-
`gested. When preceded by the, it is treated as a singular:
`The number of solutiorls offered was astounding.
`Other common COLLECTIVE NOUNS are class, crowd,
`flock, panel, committee, group, audience, staff, and fam-
`ily.
`collec/tive uncon/scious,
`(in Jungian psychology)
`inborn unconscious psychic material common to human-
`kind, accumulated by the experience of all preceding
`generations. Cf. archetype (def. 2).
`[191fr20]
`col-lec-tiv-ism (ks lek’t9 viz/em), n.
`the political
`principle of centralized social and economic control, esp.
`[1875—8O
`of all means of production.
`< F collectivisme;
`l-lec/ti
`see cui.i.ECTIvE, —lSM] -co
`st, n., ail]. ——col-
`lee/tiv-ls/tic. ad}. —-col~lec/tiv-is’ti-cal-ly, adv.
`col~lec-tiv-iety tkol/ek tiv’i té), n.., pl. -ties. 1. collec-
`tivc character. 2. :1 collective whole. 3. the people col-
`lectively.
`[1860—65; CoLLEcTivc —r
`-ITY]
`-vized, -viz-ing.
`col-lec-ti-vize (ke lek'ta viz’), v.t.,
`to organize (a people, industry, cconomy, etc.) according
`to the principles of collectivism. Also, esp. Bril., colvlec/o
`ti-vise’.
`[1890—95; COLLECTIVE + -1213]
`-col-lec/ti-vh
`za/tion, n.
`collect’ on deliv/ery. see c.0.D.
`col-lec-tor (ke lck’tor), n.
`1. a person or thing that
`collects. 2. a person employed to collect debts, duties,
`taxes, etc.
`3. a person who collects books, paintings,
`stamps, shells, etc., nsp. as a hobby. 4. Elect. a device
`for accumulating current froni contact conductors
`5.
`Electronics. an electrode in a transistor or vacuum tube
`for collecting electrons, ions, or holes. 6. Metall. pro-
`moter (def. 5). 7. Energy. See solar collector.
`[1375-
`l425; late ME (< AF) < ML, equiv. to L colleg— (var. s.
`of colligere; see COLLECT‘) + -tor —TOR] —col-lac/tor~
`ship/, col-lec’l:or-ate, n..
`collec/tor elec/trode, Electronics. See under Klys-
`tron.
`collec/tor's i/tem, an article or object of particular
`interest or value because of its uniqueness or scarcity.
`[1930-35]
`col-leen (kol/en, ko lén’), n.
`an Irish girl.
`[1320-30,
`< Ir cailin, equiv. to caile girl, Wench + -in dim. suffix]
`Col-leen (kol/en, ko lén/),
`It.
`a female given name:
`from an Irish word meaning "girl."
`col-lege (kol’ij), n.
`1. an institution of higher learn-
`ing, esp. one providing a general or liberal arts education
`rather than technical or professional training. Cf. uni-
`versity 2. a constituent unit ofa university, furnishing
`cou
`of instruction in the liberal arts and sciences,
`usually leading to a bachelor's degree. 3. an institution
`for vocational, technical, or professional instruction, as in
`medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, or music, Often a part
`of a university 4. an endowed, self-governing associa
`tion of scholars incorporated within E1 university, as at
`the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in England. 5.
`a similar corporation outside a university. 6. the build
`ing or huildings occupied by an institution of higher edu-
`cation. 7. the administrators, faculty, and students of a
`college. 8. (In Britain and Canada) a private secondary
`school. 9. an organized association of persons having
`certain powers and rights. and performing certain duties
`or engaged in El particular pursuit: The electoral college
`formally selects the president. 10. a company; assem-
`blage. 11. Also called collegium. a body of clergy living
`together on a foundation for religious service or similar
`activity.
`12_. Brit. Slang.
`:1 prison.
`[1350—1400; ME <
`AF, MF < L collégium, equiv. to col- ooL-‘ + leg-, var.
`s. of legere to gather 4-
`ium.
`-IUM; cf. c:oi.LEAGuE]
`Col/legs Boards/, Trademark.
`a standard set of ex-
`aminations administered by a college entrance examina-
`tion board to evaluate aptitude and achievement in sev-
`eral
`fields of
`study for
`students
`seeking college
`admission. Cf Scholastic Aptitude Test.
`Colilege of Arms/. See Heralds’ College.
`Col/lege of Car/dinals,
`the chief ecclesiastical body
`of the Roman Catholic Church, electing and advising the
`pope and comprising 2.1? of the caidinals of the church.
`Official name, Sacred College of Cardinals.
`Covlege of Propagan/da. See under propaganda
`(def. 4b).
`Col/lege Park/. 1. a city in N Georgia 24,632. 2. a
`city in central Maryland 23,614.
`col-lege-pre-par-a-to-ry
`(kol/ij
`pri pave t5r’é,
`-tor’c), adj. preparing a student for acmleniic work at
`the college level.
`Covlege Sta/tion. a city in F1 central Texas. 37,272.
`colflege try/,
`Informal. maximum effort for success
`on behalf‘ of one’s group, team, alma mater, etc. {usually
`prec. by the phrase the old): We may not 7l’l.(lltB the dead-
`line. but we’ll give it the old college try.
`[1950 55]
`colvle-gial
`(kn le"_iel, -je el; for 2 also ke lé/gé all, adj.
`1. collegiate. 2. ofor characterized by the collective re-
`sponsibility shared by each ofa group of colleagues, with
`minimal supervision from above.
`[1300-50; ME < I. col-
`legialis. See COLLEGE, AL‘,I —col-leigi-al-ly. adv.
`col-Ie-gi-al~i-ty (ka lc’jé al’i té, -gé-). n.
`cooperative
`CONCISE ETvMoI.uaY KEY: <, descended or borrowed from.
`T»,
`whence; b., blend oi‘, blended; c, cognate with. cf, com are; deriv.
`d€l".\'al.lV€1
`equiv, equivalent; imit., inntative‘, obl., obique, I'., re-
`placing; s, stem; sp., spelling. spoiled; resp.. respelling, respelled;
`trans, transaticn; 1’, or: n unknown;
`‘. unattested;
`It, probably
`earlier than. See the full
`"say inside the from cover.
`
`404
`
`colloidal
`
`of molecules or atoms rather than on their nature.
`[1900—05; COLLIGATE ~.
`-IVE]
`-mat-ed. -mat-ins. 1. to
`col-li-mate (kova mat’), u.t.,
`2. to adjust accurately
`bring into line; make parallel.
`the line of sight of (a telescope).
`[1615—25; < L cul-
`lirniitus, misreading of collinefitus, ptp. of collineare to
`direct in a straight ine, equiv. to col— C01.-‘ + —linea-. v.
`deriv. of linen LINE‘ +
`-tus ptp. suffix] —col’li-ma/-
`tion. n.
`1. Optics. a. a fixed
`(kol’a ma/tar). n.
`col-Ii-ma-tor
`telescope for use in collimating other instruments. b. an
`optical system that transmits parallel rays of light, as the
`receiving lens or telescope of a spectroscope. 2. Physics.
`a device for producing a beam of particles in which the
`paths of all the particles are parallel.
`[18l5—25; COLLI-
`MATE + -0112]
`lying in the same
`col-lin-e-ar
`(ks lin/é er, ké—), adj.
`-coI-|in/e-
`straight line.
`[1720-30; ooi.-‘ + LINEAR]
`ar/i-ty, n. -col-Iinle-ar~ly, ado.
`a city in SW
`Col-Iings-wood (kol’ingz wood/), n.
`New Jersey. 15,838.
`1. a city in SE
`Col-ling-wood (kol/ing wo"od/), n.
`Australia, near Melbourne. 20,906. 2. a town In S On-
`tario,
`in S Canada, on Georgian Bay of Lake Huron.
`12,064.
`col-lins (kol’inz), n. (often. cap.) a tall drink made with
`gin, whiskey, rum, or Vodka, and lemon or lime juice,
`soda water, and sugar.
`[1940-45; after the proper name
`Collins]
`1. Edward Trowbridge (Eddie),
`Col-lins (koliinz), n.
`1887-1951, US. baseball player. 2. Michael. 1890-1922,
`Irish revolutionist and patriot. 3. Michael. born 1930,
`U.S. astronaut. 4. William. 1721-59, English poet. 5.
`(Wi
`lam) Wil-kie (wil/ke), 1824-89, English novelist.
`001-|Il'l°Si'8 (ka lin/sé e, -zé a),
`11. any plant belonging
`to the genus Collinsui, of the figwort family, having
`whorled leaves and usually clusters of variously colored
`flowers.
`[l81'7; after Zaccheus Collins (1764-1831), US.
`botanist; see -IA]
`a city in SW Illinois.
`Col-lins-ville (kol/inz vil/), n.
`19,613.
`the act of colliding; a
`1.
`(ke lizh’en), n.
`C01-l SiOl‘I
`coming violently into contact; crash: the collision of two
`airplurics. 2. a clash; conflict: a collision ofpurposes.
`.
`Physics.
`the meeting of particles or of bodies in which
`each exerts a force upon the other, causing the exchange
`of energy or momentum.
`[1400-50; late ME < LL colli-
`sio'n- (5. of cullisifi), equiv. to collis(u5) (ptp. of collidere
`to COLLIDE) + -ion- -IoN] —co|-li/sion-al. adj.
`GOlIl’SiDl1 COUFSB/, 1. a course or path of a vehicle,
`projectile, etc., that, if unchanged, will lead to a collision
`with another object. 2. any plan, attitude, or course of
`action that leads to a confrontation or conflict with an-
`other.
`[1940—45]
`the rate at which colli-
`colli/sion den/sity. Phys .'s.
`sions are occurring per unit volume per unit time, usu-
`reactor.
`ally pertaining to the collisions of neutrons in a nuclear
`colli/sion diam/eter, Physics.
`the distance between
`the centers of two colliding molecules when at their clos-
`est point of approach.
`colli/sion insur/ance,
`insurance protecting an auto-
`mobile owner against loss or damage to the automobile
`resulting from a collision or other accident.
`col-lo-blast
`(kol-'9 blast/), n. Zool.
`one of the cells
`covered with sticky granules on the tentacles of a cteno-
`phore, which aid in capturing prey. Also called glue call.
`[< Gk kéllta) glue + —o- + -BLAST]
`col-lo-cate (kol/a km’). 12., -cat-ed. -catving, n. —v.t.
`1. to set or place together, esp. side by side. 2. to ar-
`range in proper order: to collocate events.
`-12.1". 3. Ling.
`to enter into a collocation. —n. 4. Ling. a lexical item
`that collocates with another.
`[1505-15; < L collocatus
`(ptp. of collocare), equiv. to col— coL—‘ + loc(us) place +
`-ritus -ATE‘j
`col-lo-ca-tion (kol/n ka’shen), n.
`1. the act of col-
`locating. 2. the state or manner of being collocated. 3.
`the arrangement, esp. of words in 21 sentence. 4. Ling. a
`co-occurrence of lexical items, as perform with operation
`or commit with crime.
`[1595-1605‘, < L collocl'1ti6n- (s.
`of collocatio), equiv.
`to collocfittus) (see COLLOCATE) +
`-ion- -ION] —co|/lo-ca/tion-al, col/lo-ca/tive. adj.
`CO1-I0-dl
`(ka l6/dé: It. kfil lo/dé), n. Carola {ka'r’lo; It.
`k!a'R/lo), (Carlo Lorenzini), 1826-90, Italian writer: crea-
`tor of the story of Pinocchio.
`col-Io-di-on (ks lo’dé an), n.
`a yellowish, viscous,
`highly flammable solution of pyroxylin in other and al-
`cohol: used in the manufacture of photographic film, in
`engraving and lithography, and in medicine chiefly for
`cementing dressings and sealing wounds.
`L1850—55;
`alter. of NL collodiurn < Gk kollr'id(és) glutinous (kélltri)
`glue + -odes -OIJE‘) + -tum -[UM]
`collo’dion proc/ess, Photog. See wet plate proc-
`ess.
`[1865-60]
`1. to
`col-logue (ko log’), v.i., -Iogued, -Io-guing. Dial.
`L159!»
`confer secretly.
`2.
`to plot mischief; conspire.
`1605; perh. b. COLLUDE and DIALOGUE]
`col-loid (kol/oid). n.
`1. Physical Chem. a substance
`made up of a system of particles with linear dimensions
`in the range of about 10”’ to 5 X 10 ‘5 cm dispersed in a
`Continuous gaseous, liquid, or solid medium whose properties
`depend on the large specific surface area. The particles can
`be large molecules like proteins, or solid, liquid, or gaseous
`aggregates and they remain dispersed indefinitely. Cf. aero-
`sol, amulsion, gel, sol‘, suspension. 2. Med.
`.3 colloidal
`substance In the bndy, as a stored sect etion or a cyst. —adj.
`3. Physical Chem. colloidal.
`[18-10-50; < Gk kr'ill(a) glue +
`-019]
`C0l~l0l-dal
`(ke loid/l), adj. Physical Chem. pertaining
`to or of the nature of a colloid: colloizlaldguld and silver.
`LIBGO-65; COLLOID + -AL‘] ——col-loi- al-i-ty (kol’oi-
`—col-lol/dal-Iy, adv.
`dal/i té),
`ri.
`
`1. a ship For carrying coal. 2. a
`col-lier tkollysr), n.
`coal miner. 3. Obs. a person who carries or sells coal.
`[1300—50', ME coliere; see COAL, -IER‘]
`Col-lier (kol’yar), n. Jeremy. 1650- 726, Englisli cler-
`gyman and author.
`col-lieroy (kol’yo ré), n., pl. -liar-ies.
`a coal mine, in-
`cluding all buildings and equipment.
`[1625435, COLLIER
`+ -v‘‘]
`col-lie-shang-ie (kol’e shang’é), n. Scot. a noisy row;
`brawl.
`[173'm45; of obscure orig.]
`to
`1.
`col-li-gate (kol/i gist’), u.t.. -gat-ed, -gat-ing.
`bind or fasten together. 2. Logic. to link (facts) together
`by a general description or by a hypothesis that applies
`to them all.
`[1425-75 for obs. adj. sense “bound to-
`gether"; 1535-45 for def. 1; < L colligatus (ptp. of col-
`ligfire). equiv. to col- COL-‘ + ligEz- (s. of ligfire to bind)
`+ -tus ptp. ending] —col/Ii-ga/tion, n.
`col-Ii-gavtive (kol’i g§’ti\'), adj. Physical Chem.
`(of
`the properties of a substance) depending on the number
`
`0003
`
`

`
`flying squirrel
`
`fly/ing squir/rel, any of various nocturnal tree squir-
`rels, as Glaucomys uolans, of the eastern U.S., having
`folds of skin connecting the fore and hind legs, permit-
`ting long, gliding leaps.
`[1605—l5]
`
`flying suulrrel.
`Glaucumys volons,
`head and body 8 in.
`(20 cm); tail 4 in.
`(10 cm)
`
`in
`1. a start, as in sailboat racing,
`fly/éng start/.
`which the entrants begin moving before reaching the
`starting line. 2. a start or beginning of anything, char-
`acterized by thc participant’s vigor and enthusiasm and
`sometimes by a certain advantage over competitors:
`She's off to a flying start in her new job.
`[1850—55]
`fly/ing tacklle, Football.
`a tackle made by hurling
`all.
`gne’s body through the air at the player carrying the
`the American Volunteer Group (AVG), who
`ought
`Fly/ing Ti/gers.
`the nickname of U.S. fighter ‘pilots,
`against the Japanese in China during World War II.
`fly/ins wing/. Aeron. an airplane whose wings form
`almost all the airframe, with the fuselage almost or en-
`tirely within the wing structure.
`[1935—40]
`fly-leaf
`(fli’léf/), n., pl. -leaves.
`a blank leaf in the
`front or the back ofa book.
`[1825—35; FLY‘ (n., in combi-
`nation: something fastened by the edge) —l— LEAF]
`flyl line/, Angling. a line for use in fly-fishing.
`fly! loft/, Theat.
`fly‘ (def. 37).
`a stagehand,
`fly-man (fli/man), n., pl. -man. Theat.
`esp. one who operates the apparatus in the flies.
`[1835-
`45; FLY‘ 4-
`-MAN]
`fly’ net/, a net or fringe to protect a horse from flies
`or other insects.
`fly-off
`(fli/of/,
`-of/), n.
`1. Meteorol.
`evapotran—
`spiration (def. 1). 2. a competition between aircraft of
`various manufacturers to establish superior perfor-
`mance, es .
`in order to gain a government contract.
`[1965—70; def. 1) prob. FLY!‘ + (RUN)0FF; (def. 2) rm‘ +
`~ on-]
`1. a formation of aircraft in
`(flifo/var), n.
`fly~0-V9!‘
`flight for observation from the ground, esp. a prear-
`ranged, low-altitude flight over a public gathering. 2. a
`flight over a simulated target by a bomber or bombing
`planes. 3. a flight over a specified area, as for viewing:
`We booked a one-hour flyover of the Grand Canyon. 4.
`the action of passing or
`ying overhead: rumors of an-
`other UFO flyover. 5. Brit. an overhead crossing, esp. a
`highway overpass.
`[1900—05; 11. use of v. phrase fly over]
`fly-pa-per
`(flifpa/per), n. paper designed to destroy
`flies by catching them on its sticky surface or poisoning
`them on contact.
`[1840—50; FLY’ + PAPER]
`fly-past (fli/past/, — est’), 1:.
`flyby (def. 2a).
`[191(H5;
`u. use of v. phrase f‘ past]
`fly’
`rail/,
`1. Furniture.
`a horizontally swinging
`bracket
`for supporting a drop leaf.
`2. Also called
`fly!-rail/, working rail. Theat. the upper row of pins or
`cleats on a pin rail, used for tying off or fastening lines of
`scenery to be flied.
`[1850—55j
`Fly’ Riv/er (fli), a river in New Guinea, flowing SE
`from the central part to the Gulf of Papua, ab. 800 mi.
`(1290 km) long.
`fly! rod’, Angling. a light, extremely flexible fishing
`rod specially designed for use in fly-fishing.
`[1675—85]
`flysch (flish), n. Geol. an association of certain types of
`marine sedimentary rocks characteristic of deposition in
`a foredeep.
`]_1845—55; < G < Swiss G flisch referring to
`such deposits in the Swiss Alps; perh. akin to Swabian
`dial. flins slate (akin to rLIN'r)]
`fly’ sheet/. a sheet on which instructions or informa-
`tion are printed; handbill.
`[1825—35]
`fly-speck (fli’s ek’), n.
`1. a speck or tiny stain from
`the excrement 0 a fly. 2. any minute spot. 3. Plant
`Pathol. a disease of pome fruits, characterized by small,
`raised, dark spots on the fruit, caused by a fungus, Lep-
`tothyrium pomi.
`-14.1. 4.
`to mark with flyspecks.
`[185()—55; FLY: + SPECK]
`fly-strike (fli/strik/), n. Vet. Pathol. myiasis.
`[1935-
`40]
`fly’ swavter,
`a device for killing flies, mosquitoes,
`and other insects, usually a square sheet of wire mesh
`attached to
`a
`long
`handle. Also,
`fly’-swat/ter.
`fly/swat/ter.
`[1885—90]
`flyte (mt), v.i., flyt-ed, flyt-ins. n. Scot. and North
`Eng.
`flite.
`fly-ti-er (fli/ti/ar), n. Angling. a person who makes ar-
`tificial lures for fly-fishing.
`[1880—85; FLY‘ + 'rIEa“]
`fly-trap (fl1’trap/), n. 1. any of various plants that en-
`trap insects, esp. Venus’s-flytrap. 2. a trap for flies.
`[176&75; rm!" + ’l‘RAP‘]
`fly-up (fli/up/), n. a formal ceremony at which a girl
`leaves her Brownie troop, receives a pair of embroidered
`wings for her uniform, and becomes a member of an in-
`termediate Girl Scout troop.
`[n. use of v. phrase fly up]
`CONCISE ETYMOLOGY KEYS <, descended or borrowed from; >,
`whence; b., blend of, blended; c., cognate with; cf., compare; deriv.,
`derivative; equiv., equivalent; imit., imitative; obl., oblique; r., re-
`placing; s., stem; sp., spelling, spelled; resp., respelling, respellsd;
`trnns., translation; ‘.7. ori
`'1: unknown; ‘, unattested; I, probably
`earlier than. See the full
`ey inside the front cover,
`
`0004
`
`742
`
`foe
`
`surrounding areas, as reflected in a set of isoglosses
`a route between breeding and
`fly-way (fli’wa/), n.
`more or less concentrically surrounding it. Cf. relic area,
`wintering areas taken by concentrations of migrating
`transition area.
`birds.
`[1890 95; FLY‘ + WAY]
`fo/cal infec/tion. Pothol., Dentistry. an infection in
`fly-weight (fli/wat/), n. a boxer or other contestant of
`which bacteria are localized in some region, as the ton-
`the lightest competitive class, esp. a professional boxer
`sils or the tissue around a tooth, from which they may
`weighing up to 112 lb. (51 kg).
`[1905—10; cut’ 4- WEIGHT]
`spread to some other organ or structure of the body.
`[1920—25]
`fly-wheel
`(fli/hwél/, -wel/), n. Mach. a heavy disk or
`wheel rotating on a shaft so that its momentum gives al-
`fo-cal-éze (fo’ka liz/), v.t., v.i., -lzed, -iz~ing.
`1.
`to
`most uniform rotational speed to the shaft and to all con-
`bring or come to a focus. 2. to localize. Also, esp. Brit.,
`nected machinery.
`[1775-85; FLY‘ + WHEEL]
`fo/cal-ise/.
`[I835-45; room. 4-
`-12:] —fo/cal-i-zah
`tion. n.
`FM. 1. Electronics. frequency modulation: a method of
`1. the distance from a focal
`impressing a signal on a radio carrier wave by varying
`f fo/cal length/. Optics.
`the frequency of the carrier wave. 2. Radio. a system 0
`point of a lens or mirror to the corresponding principal
`radio broadcasting by means of frequency modulation.
`plane. Symbol: f 2. the distance between an object lens
`3. cf, pertaining to, or utilizing such a system. Cf. AM.
`and its corresponding focal plane in a telescope. Also
`Fm, Symbol, Chem.
`fermium
`called fo/cal dis/tance.
`[1745-55]
`fm, Symbol, Physics.
`femtometer.
`f0’cal plane/. Optics. 1. a plane through a focal point
`and normal to the axis of a lens, mirror, or other optical
`fm.. 1. fathom. 2. from.
`system. Cf. principal plane. 2. the transverse plane in
`f.m.,_ (in prescriptions) make a mixture. [< L fiat mis-
`a telescope where the real image of a distant view is in
`tfiraj
`focus.
`[1890—95]
`FMB, Federal Maritime Board.
`fo/cal-plane shut/ter
`(fcvkal plan/), Photog.
`a
`camera shutter situated directly in front of the film! Cf.
`FFKC. Federal Maritime Commission.
`ciirtain shutter.
`[1900—05]
`FHCS, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.
`fo/cal point/, 1. Also called principal focus. Optics.
`FM cyclotron. Physics.
`synchrocyclotron.
`either of two points on the axis of a mirror, lens, or other
`F.?fll(.,
`finmark; Finnish msrkka. Also, FMk
`optical system, one oint being such that rays diverging
`fn, footnote.
`from it are deviated)parallel to the axis upon refraction
`or reflection by the system and the other point being
`FNMA, Federal National Mortgage Association.
`such that rays parallel to the axis of the system converge
`f-number (ef/num’bar), n. Optics, Photog.
`a number
`to the point upon refraction or reflection by the system.
`2. the point at which all elements or aspects converge;
`corresponding to the ratio of the focal length to the di-
`ameter of a lens system, esp. a camera lens. In f/ 1.4, 1.4
`center of activity or attention: The focal point of our dis-
`is the 1'-number and signifies that the focal length of the
`cussion was the need for action. 3. the central or princi-
`lens is 1.4 times as great as the diameter. Abbr.: f/, f/, f,
`pal point of focus.
`[1705—15]
`f: Also, f number. Also called focal ratio, speed, stop
`f-number. L1925—30]
`fofcal ra/tio, Optics, Photog.
`number. Cf. relative aperture.
`[1890—95]
`f0’ cal sei/zure. Pathol.
`an epileptic manifestation
`F0 (fo), n. Chinese. Buddha (def. 1).
`arising from a localized anomaly in the brain, as a small
`fO.,
`folio.
`tumor or scar, and usually involving a single motor or
`sensory mechanism but occasionally spreading to other
`F.O., 1. field officer. 2. foreign office. 3. Mil. forward
`observer.
`areas and causing convulsions and loss of consciousness.
`Foch (fosh; Fr.
`fosh), n. Fer-di-nand (fen dé nan’),
`foal
`(fol), n. 1. a young horse, mule, or related animal,
`1851-1929, French marshal.
`esp. one that is not yet one year of age. —v.t., ui. 2. to
`fo-ci
`(fo/si, -ki), n. a pl. of focus.
`give birth to (a colt or filly).
`[bef. 950; (n.) ME fole, OE
`fola; c. OHG folo (G Fohlen); akin to L pullus young an-
`fo-com-e-tar (f5 kom/i tar), n. Optics. an instrument
`imal, Gk pélos foal; (v.) ME, deriv. of the n.]
`for measuring the focal length of a lens or other optical
`foam (f6m), n.
`1. a collection of minute bubbles
`system.
`[1850-55; roc(us) i
`-0- + —METEll]
`formed on the surface of a liquid by agitation, fermenta-
`fo'c's’le (fok/sel), n. Naut.
`forecastle. Also, fo't:'s|e.
`tion, etc.: foam on a glass of beer. 2. the froth of perspi-
`[resp., reflecting syncope and loss of pre-consonantal r]
`ration, caused by great exertion, formed on the skin of a
`fo-cus (f(')’kas), n., pl. -cus-as, -oi (-si, -ki), 12., -cused.
`horse or other animal. 3. froth formed from saliva in
`-cus-ing or (esp. Brit.) -cussed, -cus-sing. —n. 1. a
`the mouth, as in epilepsy and rabies. 4. a thick frothy
`central point, as of attraction, attention, or activity: The
`substance, as shaving cream. 5. (in firefighting) a. a
`need to prevent a nuclear war became the focus of all
`chemically produced substance that smothers the flames
`diplomatic efforts. 2. Physics. a point at which rays of
`on a burning li uid by forming a layer of minute, stable,
`heat-resistant
`ubbles on the liquid’s surface. b.
`the
`light, heat, or other radiation, meet after being refracted
`or reflected. 3. Optics. a. the focal point of a lens. b.
`layer of bubbles so formed. 6. a dispersion of gas bub-
`the focal
`length of a lens.
`1:.
`the clear and sharply
`bles in a solid, as foam glass, foam rubber, polyfoam, or
`defined condition of an image. d.
`the position of a
`foamed metal. 7. Literary. the sea. —u.i. 8. to form or
`viewed object or the adjustment of an optical device nec-
`ather foam; emit foam; froth. —v.t. 9.
`to cause to
`oam. 10. to cover with foam; apply foam to: to foam a
`essary to produce a clear image: in focus; out of focus.
`4. Geom. (of a conic section) a point having the property
`runway before an emergency landing.
`11.
`to insulate
`that the distances from any point on a curve to it and to
`with foam. 12. to make (plastic, metal, etc.) into a foam.
`a fixed line have a constant ratio for all points on the
`13. foam at the mouth. to be extremely or uncontrolla-
`curve. See diag. under ellipse. hyperbola, parabola. 5.
`bly angry.
`[bef. 900; ME fom, OE fam; c. G Feim]
`Geol. the point of origin of an earthquake. 6. Pathol.
`—-foam/a-ble. adj. —foam/-er. n. —foam/ing-Iy, adv.
`the primary center from which a disease develops or in
`—foam’Iess. adj. -foam/like/. adj.
`which it localizes. —v.t. 7. to bring to a focus or into
`——$yn. 1. froth, spume, head, fizz; scum.
`focus: to focus the lens of :1 camera. 8. to concentrate: to
`a uniform
`foamed’ met/al,
`Chem., Metallurgy.
`focus one’s thoughts. —v.i. 9.
`to become focused.
`foamlike metal structure produced when hydrogen bub-
`F1635-45; < L: fireplace, hearth] —fo/cus-a-bis, adj.
`—fofcus-er, n.
`bles are evolved from metal hydrides uniformly dis-
`—Syn. 1. center, heart. core, nucleus.
`persed throughout a host metal or metal alloy: used as a
`structural material because of its shock-absorbing prop-
`erties and light weight. Also, foam’ met/al.
`A
`[1935-40]
`foamed’ plas/tic. See expanded plastic.
`foam-flow-er
`(fom/flou/er), n.
`a North American
`plant, Tiarella cordifolia, havin a cluster of small, usu-
`ally white flowers. Also called also miterwort.
`[1890-
`95; Foam + FLOWER]
`foam! glass/, cellular glass made by fusing powdered
`glass with carbon part'cles or other gas-generating ma-
`terial, used chiefly for industrial purposes.
`[1945-50]
`foam! rub/ber. a li ht, spongy rubber, used for mat-
`tresses, cushions, etc.
`1940-45]
`foam-y (f6/me), a.dj., foam~i-er, foam-i-est. 1. cov-
`ered with or full of foam. 2. consisting of foam. 3.
`resemblin foam. 4. pertaining to foam.
`[bef. 1000; ME
`fomy, O
`ffimig. See FOAM,
`-\"] ——foam’i-ly, adv.
`—foam/i-ness, n.
`fob‘ (fob), n. 1. a small pocket just below the waistline
`in trousers for a watch, keys, change, etc. Cf. watch
`pocket. 2. a short chain or ribbon, usually with a me-
`dallion or similar ornament, attached to a watch and
`worn hanging from a pocket. 3. the medallion or orna-
`ment itself.
`[164&55; or‘
`. uncert.; cf. G dial. Fuppe
`pocket]
`fob’ (fob), v.t., fobbed, fob-hing. 1. Archaic. to cheat:
`deceive. 2. fob off. a. to cheat someone by substituting
`something s urious or inferior; palm off (often fol. by
`on): He trie
`to fob offan inferior brand on us.
`I). to put
`(someone) off by deception or trickery: She fobbed us off
`with false promises.
`[1350-1400; ME fobben; c. G foppen
`to delude; cf. roa‘]
`f.0.b., Com.
`free on board: without charge to the buyer
`for goods placed on board a carrier at the point of ship-
`ment: automobiles shipped f.o.b. Detroit. Also, F.O.B.
`FOBS, See fractional orbital bombardment system.
`Also, F.0.B.S.
`[168.&
`fo-cal
`(f6/kal), adj. of or pertaining to a focus.
`95; < NL focolis. See FOCUS, -AL’] —foIcal-Iy, adv.
`foical ar/ea, Ling.
`(in dialect geography) an area
`whose dialect has exerted influence on the dialects of
`
`fo’cusing cloth’, an opaque cloth surrounding the
`ground glass of a camera so as to shield the eyes of the
`photographer from light that would otherwise prevent
`seeing the image in the ground glass.
`[185(P55]
`fo/cusing screen/, Phatog. See under reflux cam-
`era.
`[1855—60]
`fod-der (fodfar), n. 1. coarse food for livestock, com-
`posed of entire plants, including leaves, stalks, and grain,
`of such forages as corn and sorghum. 2. people consid-
`ered as readily available and of little value: cannon fod-
`der. 3. raw material: fodder for a comedian’s routine.
`——v.t. 4.
`to feed with or as if with fodder.
`[bef. 1000;
`ME; OE fodder, fiidor; c. G Futter; akin to FOOD]
`—$yn. 1. See feed.
`fod-der-beet (fod-‘er bet/), n. sugar beet used as fod-
`der. Also, fod/der beet’.
`[rooms]: + ar.r:T‘]
`[1715—25;
`fodg-el
`(foj’al