.9, 9) ""“’"‘“"“
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`European Patent Office
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`Office europeen des brevets
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`(11)
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`0
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`(12)
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`EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
`
`(43) Dateofpubiication:
`29.04.1998 Bulletin iseana
`
`(51) um. 0:93: G06F17i60
`
`(21) Application number: 971184523
`
`(22) Date of fiting: 23.10.1997
`
`(84) Designated Contracting States:
`AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC
`NL PT SE
`Designated Extension States:
`AL LT LV RO SI
`
`(72) Inventors:
`v Smith, Jeffrey C.
`llflenlo Park, CA 94025 (US)
`- Bandini. Jean-Christophe
`Cupertino, CA 95014 (US)
`
`(74) Ftepresentative:
`DIEHL GLAESEFI HILTL & PARTNER
`
`Fltiggenstrasse 13
`80639 llllfinchen (DE)
`
`(30) Priority: 24.10.1996 US 738966
`30.01.1997 US 792171
`
`14.02.1997 US 800864
`01) Appr
`t
`ICBIT I
`Tumbleweed software corp.
`Redwood City, CA 94063 (US)
`
`(54)
`
`Electronic document delivery system
`
`A document. preferably in a portable format. is
`(5?)
`forwarded to a remote server (e.g. using HTTP to
`"push" the document to the server). The server sends a
`generic notilication of the document to an intended
`recipient. and the recipient can download the document
`from the server using local protocols. A method and
`system is also provided that sends documents from a
`desktop computer inside an intranet through a series of
`lirewalls andlor proxy servers to a server residing on the
`Internet. A computer in an intranet system protected by
`a lirewatl or proxy server uses a software application to
`access the Internet. The software also encodes binary
`data to be sent as text. This binary data may be subdi~
`video into smaller text packets. The text packets are
`sent. using H'l‘|'P. to a server outside the firewall. which
`has been configured to accept such text packets. The
`server converts the text packets back to the original
`binary data representation. The binary data. once resi-
`dent on the internet server. can then be forwarded
`directly to other internet servers. internet desktop com-
`puters. printers, or fax machines. A document delivery
`server is also provided that dynamically customizes the
`format of a document to be delivered. based on the
`capabilities ot the recipient and the type ot document to
`be delivered. The server attempts to maintain the infor-
`mation contained in the document in a high level repre-
`sentation and deters the decision 0! when to convert to
`
`a lower level representation. thereby maximizing the
`potential set of options and function at each step in the
`delivery process.
`
`Printed by Xerox {UK} Business Services
`216.13-1
`
`Apple/Twitter
`App1e/Twitter
`Ex. 1014
`EX.
`IPR1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,765,482
`IPR1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,765,482
`
`EP0838774A2
`
`

`
`Description
`
`EP 0 838 774 A2
`
`The invention relates to the field of computer networks. More particularly, the invention relates to techniques for the
`delivery of electronic documents to users over the Internet.
`The development of computerized information sources, such as those provided through the Internet or other on-
`line sources, has led to a proliferation of electronically available information. Currently, a user who subscribes to the
`Internet manually navigates through the Internet to visit sites which may or may not be of interest.
`An inherent problem in this Internet system is that the available information is distributed through a ‘‘pull'' type infra-
`structure, where the user who wants to receive information must manually search sites of interest, or use a finder appli-
`cation, to search and download appropriate information. For a user who wishes to publish and distribute information or
`documents, either an individual or a larger entity that has information that is desired to be distributed, the present "pu||"
`system doesn't allow the freedom to send and distribute to a recipient or group of recipients, in a “push” fashion.
`Facsimile technology is widely used at the present time for the distribution of simple documents, but has numerous
`drawbacks, including lower quality printed documents, costly and bulky paper copies (particularly if the recipient doesn't
`care to have a paper copy), loss of content (e.g. text and graphics can't be edited or manipulated), and time require-
`ments for transmission, particularly for long or complex documents.
`Electronic Mail (E-mail) provides a means for sending electronic messages from computer user to another. E-mail
`has advantages of convenience, format and storage of messages for later retrieval. As such, E-mail has been accepted
`and widely used for basic communication. E-mail is typically an ASCII based format, however, and proves to be very
`limiting for the communication of long or formatted documents. As well, E-mail is not the medium of choice for the dis-
`tribution of complex documents, such as reports, articles, advertisements and art which can include page layout grids,
`postscript—formatted objects, multiple fonts with tracking and kerning, graphics, imbedded tables and spreadsheets, and
`other complicated information. Some E-mail systems provide a means for appending an ASCII based E-mail message
`with an associated file, to be downloaded along with the E-mail message. Most systems that allow the appending of an
`associated file are designed to allow a single user to send unsecured files to an associate or friend, and neither allow
`for controlled automated distribution to multiple recipients, nor do they provide advanced accounting, billing or other
`such features (e.g., receipt notification). E-mail gateways also limit the applicability of attachments, and do not solve the
`problems of security and receipt notation or acknowledgment.
`C. Baudoin, lnterenterprise Electronic Mail Hub, U.S. Patent No. 5,406,557 (11 April 1995) discloses an interenter-
`prise communications center, which has a computer hub comprising a common core and a plurality of input and output
`modules. The input modules connect to a first end user, and convert a message sent by the first end user into a univer-
`sal format. The hub core queues the message and fonivards it to the output module for conversion into the format of the
`destination user. While the disclosed hub discloses techniques to relay simple e-mail messages, it is designed to con-
`vert the e-mail message formats, thus losing the integrity of the original text-based file.
`The disclosed prior art systems and methodologies thus provide some methods for the delivery of documents, but
`fail to provide an economical, fast document delivery system that operates in a push-fashion, while conserving the
`integrity of the original electronic file. The development of such an electronic document delivery system would constitute
`a major technological advance. In addition, the ability to distribute electronic portable high-quality documents to many
`recipients in a controlled, economical and accountable fashion would constitute a further technological advance.
`The Internet is increasingly being used for communications. It is now possible on the Internet for a sender to direct
`a document to a specific recipient, regardless of platform, operating system, or email system. Such communication is
`possible even when the recipient is not a computer but, rather, a fax machine or printer connected to the Internet.
`In many instances, the sender of a document will reside on a local area network, referred to as an intranet. The
`sender's computer may be connected to the Internet directly, or through the intranet's server. An intranet is frequently
`protected and insulated from the Internet by a firewall or proxy server. A firewall is software and/or hardware which limits
`access to an intranet or a desktop computer. A proxy server is dedicated software and/or hardware which intercepts
`requests between machines running inside an intranet and machines outside the intranet.
`Such firewall provides one or more of a few basic services. First, a firewall prevents intranet users from accessing
`specific information on the Internet. Thus, an office worker is restricted from accessing non-work-related Internet sites.
`Second, a firewall restricts outside access to the information available on the intranet. Third, a firewall prevents intranet
`users from sending confidential information from the intranet to the Internet. Typically, blocking unsolicited outside
`access to the intranet also blocks information transfer from intranet to Internet.
`
`Various methods have been used to transfer data on the Internet between intranets protected by firewalls. One
`such method is the key management scheme described in Aziz, Method and Apparatus for Key-Management Scheme
`for Use With Internet Protocols at Site Firewalls, U.S. Patent No. 5,416,842 (16 May 1995). In this method, intersite traf-
`fic is encrypted at the Internet Protocol (IP) layer by using a Skip scheme to prevent detection of a source and destina-
`tion address of a communicating node.
`IP packets are encrypted only from site firewall to site firewall, such that only firewall servers need to participate in
`
`

`
`EP 0 838 774 A2
`
`it
`the Skip scheme. When a firewall receives from an interior site node an IP packet intended for a remote firewall,
`encrypts the IP packet and sends it encapsulated in another IP packet destined for the remote firewall. The remote fire-
`wall decrypts the encapsulated packet and sends it in the clear to the destination node on the interior side of the remote
`firewall.
`
`Such method, however, requires the encrypted IP packet to be received by a remote firewall server that is config-
`ured to decrypt the packet. The encrypted information cannot be directly sent to a computer or intranet system that
`does not use such firewall server, or to a device such as a fax machine or printer.
`A security system for connecting computer networks is described in Ge/b, Security System for Preventing Unau-
`thorized Communications Between Networks by Translating Communications Received in IP Protocol to Non-lP Proto-
`col to Remove Address and Routing Services Information, U.S. Patent No. 5,550,984 (27 August 1996). However, Gelb
`does not address how documents may be sent through a firewall or proxy server.
`It would therefore be an advantage to provide a method and system for sending documents through a series of fire-
`walls and/or proxy servers. It would be a further advantage if such method and system permitted the documents to be
`transmitted to a device such as a fax machine or a printer. It would be yet another advantage if such method and system
`did not require the receiving computer of device to be served by a decrypting firewall.
`One of the many complexities associated with delivering information between two disparate systems stems from
`basic incompatibilities between those systems including, for example, differences in capabilities. A printer has a very
`different set of capabilities than a personal computer, and a commensurate set of data formats which the printer might
`accept. A personal computer, for example, might be capable of processing a WordPerfect document, a portable docu-
`ment (e.g. Adobe Acrobat or Novell Envoy), or an HTML document. A printer, by contrast, might only be capable of
`accepting a PCL file or a Postscript file. A fax machine, as with a printer, may only accept a Group 3 compressed black
`and white raster representation of a document. Thus, various devices have various capabilities in terms of the types of
`data they may accept.
`Similarly, different data types offer different levels of flexibility and function. For example, an Envoy or PDF file can
`be scaled to any resolution, can support millions of colors, and can include text and fonts. A Group 3 compressed fax
`image, on the other hand, is limited in resolution, only supports black and white colors, and includes no text or fonts,
`thereby limiting the ability of a recipient of a Group 3 compressed image to perform any operations, except for rudimen-
`tary operations.
`The extended flexibility of a more robust data representation, such as a portable document, enables such docu-
`ments to be converted to less robust representations. By illustration, a portable document might be converted to a Post-
`script file or even a Group 3 compressed image. One might therefore suggest that a portable document is a high level
`data representation and a Group 3 compressed image is a low level data representation.
`In most cases, if the recipient system is capable of receiving a high level data representation, such representation
`is the data representation of choice due to the increased capabilities such representation provides. Thus, such repre-
`sentation offers a preferred common format, especially if such representation includes a mechanism that can convert
`the high level representation to a lower level representation as necessary.
`M. Williams, R. Yun, Method and Apparatus For Enhanced Electronic Mail Distribution, U.S. Patent No. 5,424,724
`(13 June 1995) disclose a method and apparatus for enhanced electronic mail distribution which permits distribution of
`electronic mail documents to multiple host systems and/or external networks via a single host agent. A host agent ref-
`erence table is established at selected host agents within a local network Each host agent reference table includes an
`identification of selected destination nodes associated with an identified host agent for those nodes. A referral to the
`host agent reference table is used to determine the appropriate host agent for an electronic document destined for a
`selected node. No provision is made within this method and apparatus for dynamic data conversion. Thus, documents
`are delivered with its level of representation unaltered and without regard for processing capability at a destination
`node.
`
`T Schultz, A. Gross, B. Pappas, G. Shifrin, L. Mack, Apparatus and Method of Distributing Documents To Remote
`Terminals With Different Formats, U.S. Patent No. 4,754,428 (28 June 1988) and T. Schultz, A. Gross, B. Pappas, G.
`Shifrin, L. Mack, Electronic Mail, U.S. Patent No. 4,713,780 (15 December 1987) disclose a method and apparatus for
`delivering a document originated at a local site by a source having a printer output that is normally connected to a
`printer, to one or more remote locations having printers or display devices that may differ from the printer normally con-
`nected to the printer output of the document generating source. Printer command signals which are normally provided
`at the printer output are converted to character and position data which represent the respective characters and their
`horizontal and vertical positions on each page of the document. The character and position data are transmitted to a
`remote location and reconverted to a form for driving a printer or other display device to produce a line-for-line conform-
`ing copy of the original.
`The '428 and ‘780 patents disclose the use of upstream data conversion, but do not provide downstream data con-
`version. That is, the '428 and ‘780 patents disclose a method and apparatus that allows text to be sent to a printer and
`converted to a printer specific format. However, such method and apparatus lacks the ability to start with a high-level
`
`

`
`EP 0 838 774 A2
`
`representation of the data, and only convert to a lower level representation if such conversion is determined to be nec-
`essary. Thus, such approach is not satisfactory where printer format is not known or established prior to document orig-
`ination, or where a heterogeneous network, such as the Internet, is used to deliver data.
`
`L. Harkins, K. Hayward, T. Herceg, J. Levine, D. Parsons, Network Having Selectively Accessible Recipient Priori-
`tized Communication Channel Profiles, U.S. Patent No. 5,513,126 (30 April 1996) discloses a method for a sender to
`automatically distribute information to a receiver on a network using devices and communications channels defined in
`a receiver profile. The receiver profile establishes the properties and mode for receipt of information for receivers on the
`network and the profile is published in a network repository for all network users or is accessible for selected groups or
`individuals on the network. The disclosed network does not provide for data conversion, but rather involves sending pre-
`determined data based on the capabilities of the recipient which are communicated through channels. Thus, each
`recipient must first establish a format before data are exchanged.
`l.S. Patent No. 5,404,231 (4 April 1995) dis-
`M. Bloomfield, Sender—Based Facsimile Store and Forward Facility,
`closes a system that provides sender-based store and forward services for delivering facsimile based information. The
`system is solely concerned with the delivery of facsimile bitmap images, and not with data conversion.
`In view of the limitations attendant with the state of the art, it would be advantageous to provide a system in which
`the ability to descend to a lower level representation is preserved to allow the flexibility to do so at a future point in time,
`but that also enables a richer set of functions as appropriate.
`The present invention intends to overcome the above problems. The object is solved by the apparatus according to
`independent claims 1, 13 and 36, the method according to independent claims 7, 15, 57 and 66 and the system of
`binary data delivery according to independent claim 69.
`Further advantages, features, aspects and details of the invention are evident from the dependent claims, the
`description and the accompanying drawings. The claims are intended to be understood as a first, non-limiting,
`approach of defining the invention in general terms.
`The present invention generally relates to the field of computer networks. In particular it relates to techniques for
`the delivery of electronic document to users over the internet.
`It is an object of the invention to provide an electronic document delivery system and methods of its use.
`A document, preferably in a portable format, is forwarded to a remote server (e.g. using HTTP to “push” the docu-
`ment to the server). The server sends a generic notification of the document to an intended recipient, and the recipient
`can download the document from the server using local protocols. In preferred embodiments, the invention is used for
`the controlled delivery of portable documents, from a sender to a large number of recipients, using a network of servers
`that route the documents and notifications in a store and forward manner, while providing routing and accounting infor-
`mation back to the sender.
`
`According to a further aspect, the invention also provides a method and system for sending documents from a
`desktop computer inside an intranet through a series of firewalls and/or proxy servers to a server residing on the Inter-
`net. Firewalls presume that HTTP for textual data is a valid operation that allows users to fill in HTML forms. Thus, fire-
`walls do not block HTTP for textual data. The invention circumvents the security provided by firewalls by using this
`lfeature of HTTP to move a document through the firewall.
`A computer in an intranet system protected by a firewall or proxy server uses a software application to access the
`Internet. The software also encodes binary data to be sent as text. This binary data may be subdivided into smaller text
`packets. The text packets are sent, using HTTP, to a server outside the firewall, which has been configured to accept
`such text packets. The server converts the text packets back to the original binary data representation. The binary data,
`once resident on the internet server, can then be forwarded directly to other internet servers, internet desktop comput-
`ers, printers, or fax machines.
`The invention provides in a further aspect a document delivery server which dynamically customizes the format of
`a document to be delivered, based on the capabilities of the recipient and the type of document to be delivered. The
`server thereby enables the transparent delivery of formatted documents, regardless of the capabilities of the recipient.
`For example, the recipient platform could be a desktop computer, a network computer, a printer, a fax machine, or a
`personal digital assistant. The server attempts to maintain the information contained in the document in a high level rep-
`resentation and defers the decision of when to convert to a lower level representation, thereby maximizing the potential
`set of options and function at each step in the delivery process. Accordingly, the invention starts with a high-level rep-
`resentation of data, and only converts to a lower level representation if necessary.
`According to still another aspect a method and apparatus is provided in which a document preferably in a portable
`format, is fonivarded to a remote server (eg. using HTTP to “push" the document to the server). The server sends a
`generic notification of the document to an intended recipient, and the recipient can download the document from the
`server using local protocols.
`A method and system is also provided that sends documents from a desktop computer inside an intranet through
`a series of firewalls and/or proxy servers to a server residing on the Internet. A computer in an intranet system protected
`by a firewall or proxy server uses a software application to access the Internet. The software also encodes binary data
`
`

`
`EP 0 838 774 A2
`
`to be sent as text. This binary data may be subdivided into smaller text packets. The text packets are sent, using H'|'l'P,
`to a server outside the firewall, which has been configured to accept such text packets. The server converts the text
`packets back to the original binary data representation. The binary data, once resident on the internet server, can then
`be fonrvarded directly to other internet servers, internet desktop computers, printers, or fax machines.
`
`A document delivery server is also provided that dynamically customizes the format of a document to be delivered,
`based on the capabilities of the recipient and the type of document to be delivered. The server attempts to maintain the
`information contained in the document in a high level representation and defers the decision of when to convert to a
`lower level representation, thereby maximizing the potential set of options and function at each step in the delivery proc-
`ess.
`
`The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the invention
`taken in conjection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
`
`Figure 1 is a block diagram which depicts a binary file delivery system using one binary file server;
`
`Figure 2 is a block diagram which depicts a binary file delivery system using two binary file servers;
`
`Figure 3 is a block diagram which illustrates key elements of a store item;
`
`Figure 4 is a schematic depiction of the binary file delivery server;
`
`Figure 5 provides an example of the architecture of one embodiment of the binary file server;
`
`Figure 6 illustrates different types of store events employed by the binary file delivery server;
`
`Figure 7 is a block diagram of the specific components within the binary file delivery server architecture;
`
`Figure 8 provides a block diagram illustrating of the architecture of the store;
`
`Figure 9 illustrates how the user session organizes internet clients into three layers, including sessions, transac-
`tions, and transports;
`
`Figure 10 illustrates the non-interactive tasks of a delivery, once the send session has created a store item or
`another server is forwarding a store item;
`
`Figure 11 provides details of the account manager architecture;
`
`Figure 12 provides details of the logger architecture;
`
`Figure 13 provides details of the server connector architecture;
`
`Figure 14 provides a functional block diagram which depicts a portable document delivery system using one port-
`able document delivery server;
`
`Figure 15 provides a functional block diagram which depicts a portable document delivery system using two port-
`able document delivery servers;
`
`Figure 16 illustrates how a portable document send client application and a portable document receive client appli-
`cation are used in the invention;
`
`Figure 17 illustrates how a server configuration user interface application is used in the invention;
`
`Figure 18 illustrates how a document can be sent by the fax gateway of a server to a printer;
`
`Figure 19 illustrates how a document can be sent by the department gateway of a dedicated corporate server
`through a LAN to a department printer;
`
`Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the system for transmission of data across a firewall and/or proxy server, accord-
`ing to the invention;
`
`

`
`EP 0 838 774 A2
`
`Fig. 21 an exemplary flow chart illustrating the algorithm for transmission of data across a firewall and/or proxy
`server, according to the invention;
`
`Fig. 22 is an exemplary flow chart of the set of operations necessary to transfer a native file across a firewall and/or
`proxy server, according to the invention;
`
`Fig. 23 is a block schematic diagram that shows an example of an application involving a dynamic document con-
`version server according to the invention;
`
`Fig. 24 is a block schematic diagram that shows another example of an application involving the dynamic document
`conversion server according to the invention; and
`
`Fig. 25 is a block schematic diagram showing a presently preferred implementation of the dynamic data conversion
`server according to the invention.
`
`The binary file delivery system 10 enables corporations, publishers and individuals to distribute documents elec-
`tronically. importantly, unlike existing Web based document publishing technologies, the binary file delivery system 10
`allows the directed and secure distribution of documents. The Web could currently be characterized as a pull-publishing
`environment, where the consumer of documents must find and retrieve documents from a server. Push-publishing, by
`contrast, allows the producer of a document to direct the delivery of documents to consumers. Facsimile (fax), the
`postal service, and electronic mail (E-mail) are all examples of push-publishing.
`Figure 1 is a block diagram which depicts a binary file delivery system 10 using one binary file server 12. The binary
`file delivery system 10 allows users to push documents, enabling the producer of documents to direct where those doc-
`uments will go. One way that the binary file delivery system 10 achieves push-publishing is by combining HTTP, which
`is usually implemented to pull information over a network, with SMTP (which only supports text). Additionally, the binary
`file delivery system 10 provides a host of services to facilitate the various applications of directed document delivery. At
`one level, the binary file delivery system 10 can be characterized as a new generation of facsimile technology, which
`utilizes networks instead of telephone lines, and moreover, introduces support for new document representations vastly
`superior to existing fax formats. At another level, the binary file delivery system 10 is a general purpose document deliv-
`ery server capable of supporting massive amounts of documents and transactions. In all cases, the binary file delivery
`server 10 provides a complete and robust solution for document delivery.
`The binary file delivery server 10 is used for sending a set of binaryfiles from one end-point to one or multiple end-
`points. An endpoint is typically a recipient 22 with Internet access, but can also be another entity, such as a facsimile
`machine 172 or a printer 178 (Figs. 14, 15). The delivery of binary files is accomplished in a reliable, accountable, and
`tractable manner. The binaryfile delivery system 10 provides several levels of security for the directed files, from E-mail
`equivalent security, to better than facsimile or physical mail. The system also provides user account management
`including the credit and debit of billing accounts. The system can also cooperate between multiple binary file delivery
`servers 12, which may or may not be controlled by some other authority. Figure 2 depicts a binary file delivery system
`using two binary file servers 12a and 12n, which communicate across an Internet.
`The binary file delivery server 12 operates in three primary modes, which include a public mode, where senders 16
`set up their accounts 132 themselves and are subject to billing, a private mode, where senders 16 are controlled by an
`administrator, and billing is more an internal accounting issue than a collection issue, and a publishing mode, where
`there are many recipients 22, but few senders 16.
`The binary file delivery server 12 is comprised of separate functional components, and are not necessarily proc-
`esses or shared libraries. The binary file delivery server 12, shown schematically in Figure 4, includes an intelligent
`storage compartment called a store 42, which is augmented by a set of clients 44a -44n, called store clients 44, which
`use the store methods and listen to the store events, but do not interact with or know about other clients 44. An account
`manager 46 component is a shared service that keeps information about the sender 16. The design also incorporates
`information about recipients 22 for the case of a receive application (as opposed to e-mail notification).
`The client/server general architecture provides a better extensibility than a more pipelined structure. It also decou-
`ples the store clients 44 from each other, which can be useful in the context where some tasks are interactive, while
`others are more background oriented.
`
`The Store.
`
`The store 42 contains a set of store items 48. As shown in Figure 3, a store item 48 includes a tree of binary files
`34 and a descriptor 36, which is a set of store-defined and client-defined attributes. The tree of binary files 34 can be
`viewed as part of the store-defined attributes.
`
`

`
`The bile storage system provides the following functionality:
`
`EP 0 838 774 A2
`
`1) Permanent storage of Store items 48 (e.g. the binary file tree 34 contained in a store item 48 is written to disk)
`2) Client read/write access to the descriptor 36, which is made up of store-defined and client-defined attributes
`(e.g. a client 44 can write the expiration date of a store item 48)
`3) Client notification of store events 67 (e.g. clients 44 can be notified of the creation event 68 of a new store item
`48)
`4) Internal management according to store defined attributes (e.g. store item expiration date generates an event).
`
`The store 42 provides access to the store items 48 and generates store events 67, wherein store items 48 have
`store-defined attributes such as ID, creation date, file count, file names, file data, and store events 67 can be listened
`to by the clients 44. Store events 67 may include the creation 68, deletion 69 or modification 70 of a store item 48. The
`events 67 play a crucial role in the architecture, since this defines how the clients 44 synchronize their work with a very
`limited knowledge of the other.
`
`Store Clients.
`
`Store clients 44 can be of a wide variety, and specific clients will be detailed further. In this framework, a store client
`44 is some component which uses some of the store methods and or listens to some of the store events 67 to perform
`useful tasks on the store items 48.
`
`Account Manager.
`
`The account manager 46 provides read/write access to user and billing accounts, and is used by clients 44 or other
`components of the system 10. The store 42 does not use or know about the accounts.
`
`Other Components.
`
`Other components used by the store clients 44 and the store 42 itself are implemented within the architecture of
`the system. For example, inter-server communication, log management, and other administrative services, which is dis-
`cussed below.
`
`Figure 5 provides an example of the architecture of one embodiment of the binary file server 42, including client 44
`modules (52-66) that are used to implement server functions. The Internet Send 52 is used to create store items 48 and
`fills in the attributes. The Internet Receive 54 opens existing store items 48 and can be used to modify their attributes.
`A Fax gateway 56 listens to the creation events 68 generated by the store 42, processes relevant store items 48, and
`then deletes them from the store 42. A forwarder 58 listens to the creation events 68 generated by the store 42, and
`then examines the attributes of the new store items 48, and decides if forwarding is necessary. An archiver 60 listens
`to deletion events, and copies the store item 48 to secondary private storage before deletion occurs. The format trans-
`lator 62 listens to creation, examines attributes, and if translation is needed, it reads, processes and writes back the files
`in the store item 48. The web publisher 64 listens to the creation events 68 and checks if the store item attribut