United States Patent t19]
`Young et al.
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`4,641,472
`Feb. 10, 1987
`
`[54] FASTENER FOR SECURING ROOFING
`MATERIAL TO CEMENTITIOUS ROOF
`DECKS HAVING REMOVABLE TAB
`[75] Inventors: Kenneth E. Young, Greenville, S.C.;
`Hubert T. Dudley, Chelmsford;
`Robert T. Frohlich, Bedford, both of
`Mass.
`
`[73] Assignee: W.R. Grace & Co., Cambridge,
`Mass.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 882,709
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Mar. 2, 1978
`
`Int. C1.4 ........................ F16B 15/02; FI6B 15/04
`[51]
`[52] U.S. C1 ......................................... 52/361; 52/366;
`52/411; 52/515; 411/448; 411/477; 411/531;
`411/545
`[58] Field of Search ..................... 85/1 JP, 11, 23, 26,
`85/28, 29, 50 R, 63; 52/361,362, 363, 410, 411,
`412, 413, 414, 516, 544, 748, 515, 366; 156/66,
`92, 295, 71, 91, 252; 428/133, 139, 468
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`63,737 4/1867
`308,837 12/1884
`578,151 3/1897
`667,814 2/1901
`795,553 7/1905
`855,318 5/1907
`921,767 5/1909
`1,025,799 5/1912
`1,102,871 7/1914
`1,143,091 6/1915
`1,231,887 7/1917
`1,264,504 4/1918
`1,278,270 9/1918
`1,670,890 5/1928
`1,700,561 1/1928
`2,102,901 12/1937
`2,157,374 5/1939
`2,193,122 3/1940
`2,498,627 2/1950
`2,744,591 5/1956
`
`McGill .................................... 85/13
`Frost ....................................... 85/13
`Knudsen ................................. 85/13
`Wyland ................................... 85/11
`Sherman ......................... 85/50 R X
`Kindig .................................... 85/13
`White .................................... 52/444
`Fulenwider ............................. 85/13
`Carroll .................................... 85/28
`Stimpson ............................ 85/50 R
`Herman ................................... 85/13
`Gude ..................................... 52/366
`Wilber ................................. 428/139
`Illmer .................................. 85/50 R
`Commin et al ....................... 156/92
`Laursen .............................. 85/50 R
`Wells ..................................... 52/363
`Crabbs ............................ 85/50 R X
`Hallock ................................... 85/11
`Simpson .............................. 85/1 JP
`
`2,745,308 5/1956
`3,135,069 6/1964
`3,240,101 3/1966
`3,246,439 4/1966
`3,466,967 9/1969
`3,710,672 1/1973
`3,812,817 5/1974
`3,878,756 4/1975
`3,882,755 5/1975
`3,905,549 9/1975
`4,031,802 6/1977
`4,043,246 8/1977
`
`Gisondi ................................... 85/13
`Schuller et al ................... 52/411 X
`Hallock ................................... 85/23
`Foster et al ............................. 85/28
`Hallock ................................... 85/11
`Halloek ................................... 85/11
`Hallock ............................... 85/11 X
`Halloek ................................... 85/23
`Enstrom .................................. 85/11
`Walker ...................... ,; ........... 85/26
`Hallock ................................... 85/11
`Wright .................................... 85/11
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`682956 10/1939 Fed. Rep. of Germany .......... 85/28
`920221 11/1954 Fed. Rep. of Germany .
`2,636,627 2/1978 Fed. Rep. of Germany ........ 52/444
`935042 1/1948 France ................................ 85/50 R
`7415863 6/1976 Netherlands ........................ 85/50 R
`957852 5/1964 United Kingdom .
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"Inspec Data", E.S. Products, Inc., 07500, May, 1976.
`
`Primary" Examiner--Thomas J. Holko
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm--William L. Baker
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A fastener for securing built-up roofing membranes
`used to waterproof cementitious roof decks combines
`the conventional nail used for this purpose having a
`head and a shank portion designed to resist withdrawal
`of the fastener from the deck, with a non-integrai tab
`penetrated by the shank of the nail and of larger diame-
`ter than the nail head, the tab having a design which
`allows the fluid asphalt conventionally poured over the
`nail during construction of the roofing membrane to
`bond the portion of the membrane beneath the tab and
`thereby increase the wind uplift resistance of the cover-
`ing material. Removability of the tab allows its detach-
`ment in applications where increased uplift resistance is
`unnecessary.
`
`8 Claims, 13 Drawing Figures
`
`24
`
`x
`
`~ x
`
`x
`
`FAST FELT 2021, pg. 1
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 1987
`
`Sheet I of 2 4,641,472
`
`FIG. 3
`(PRIOR ART)
`
`12
`
`It
`
`/-
`
`.12S10
`
`FIG. 2
`
`f17
`
`FIG. 4
`(PRIOR ART)
`16
`
`14
`
`19
`
`24
`
`12
`
`FIG. 6
`
`x
`
`FAST FELT 2021, pg. 2
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent Feb. 10,1987 Sheet2of2 4,641,472
`
`FIG. 7
`
`FIG. 9
`
`27
`
`280
`
`12
`
`/11 12
`
`28a
`
`FIG. 12
`
`13
`
`29
`
`FIG. 13
`
`FAST FELT 2021, pg. 3
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`4,641,472
`
`2
`wind uplift resistance of roofings secured with this and
`other similar types of fasteners.
`
`FASTENER FOR SECURING ROOFING
`MATERIAL TO CEMENTITIOUS ROOF DECKS
`HAVING REMOVABLE TAB
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates to fasteners of the type utilized
`to secure coverings to cementitious substrates. More
`particularly, this invention concerns fasteners of the
`type used to anchor built-up waterproofing membranes
`to cementitious roof decks, which fasteners improve the
`wind uplift resistance of the built-up roofing membrane.
`Conventional "flat" roofs or roof decks often utilize a
`layer of hydratable cementitious material such as
`Portland cement type concrete to impart structural
`strength and rigidity and/or thermal insulating proper-
`ties in the case of lightweight aggregate-containing
`concretes which hydrate into relatively low-density
`masses. Typically a waterproof covering layer is ap-
`plied to the uppermost surface of the cementitious layer
`and such covering layer must be secured in some fash-
`ion. Most commonly the waterproof covering is in the
`form of several plies of sheet material bonded together
`
`¯ by hot asphalt, each ply being applied or "built-up" on
`the job site and adhered together by intermittent mop-
`pings of hot fluid asphalt. The first ply, termed the
`"base ply", is either adhered over its entire surface to
`the surface of the cementitious layer using e.g. hot as-
`phalt, or is secured only at spaced intervals using "spot"
`applications of hot asphalt or mechanical fasteners
`forced through the base ply and into the soft concrete
`before it has fully hydrated into a hard rigid mass. The
`remaining plies of the built-up roofing are then secured
`to the base ply over their entire surfaces by hot mop-
`pings of fluid asphalts.
`The mechanical fasteners or "nails" used to secure
`the base ply in various "spots" generally have a pene-
`trating shank designed to resist withdrawal from the
`concrete layer, and a flat head which is wider in diame-
`ter than the shank thereby acting as a washer to hold the
`built roofing. The shank is typically made resistant to
`withdrawal from the concrete by causing the shank to
`expand in diameter near its penetrating end either as it
`enters the soft concrete or soon thereafter. In the fasten-
`ers for. example of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,466,967; 3,710,672
`and 4,031,802 to Hallock, the shank portion of the fas-
`tener comprises a slit cone or a pair of hinged legs and
`is caused to expand as the fastener is inserted into the
`soft cementitious mass. The shank portions of these
`fasteners moreover define a hollow space which re-
`ceives a portion of the soft cement mixture as the fas-
`tener is driven thereby increasing the resistance of the
`fastener to withdrawal particularly after the cement has
`hardened.
`The nail in particular of the type shown in U.S. Pat.
`Nos. 3,710,672 and 4,031,802 to Hallock has proven in
`practice to be especially effective for locking built-up
`roofing to lightweight low density expanded vermicu-
`lite or perlite containing concretes. The nail is economi-
`caily formed as a one piece integral product from sheet
`metal stock and has a high resistance to withdrawal
`from the concrete layer. Difficulity has been experi-
`enced however in passing certain stringent wind uplift
`resistance requirements with built-up roofings fastened
`to such concrete layers using nails of this type. A need
`exists therefore for a practical manner of enhancing the
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`5 In laboratory experiments designed to test the resis-
`tance of built-up roofing membranes to being uplifted
`by wind, essentially a vacuum is created above the built-
`up roofing stimulating the effect of a high wind upon an
`installed roof atop a building. In investigating the cause
`10 of failure of built-up roofings to remain attached to
`insulating concretes using the aforementioned fasteners
`of U.S. Pat. No. 3,710,672, in particular, it was found
`that the cause of failure was due to tearing loose of the
`base ply around the perimeter of the nail head as op-
`15 posed to withdrawal of the shank from the concrete
`layer or delamination of the plies in the built-up roofing
`as might first be theorized. Moreover it was discovered
`that simply increasing the number of nails used to attach
`the base or first ply of the roofing by a practical propor-
`20 tion did not allow the roof to pass the more stringent
`requirements for wind uplift resistance. Further investi-
`gations led to the finding that this tearing loose could be
`avoided by providing the nail with a flat tab having a
`central opening penetrated by the shank of the nail and
`25 wider in diameter than the head of the nail, the tab
`further having a design which allows the hot fluid as-
`phalt subsequently poured over the nail to bond the
`portion of the base ply beneath the tab, effectively rein-
`forcing the weakened portions of the base ply beneath
`30 the tab and nail head against tearing loose during uplift-
`ing by a vacuum above the roofing simulating the effect
`of a high wind. According to the present invention, this
`desirable bonding-reinforcement of the weakened un-
`derlaying base ply portions is accomplished by provid-
`35 ing the tab with a number of openings into which the
`asphalt can flow and/or undulations in its surface which
`create spaces between the tab and the underlying base
`ply for receiving the asphalt. In preferred embodiments
`of the invention, the tab has both openings and surface
`40 undulations, for example lugs, stand,offs or emboss-
`ments on its lower surface, or channels communicating
`with the openings in the tab and/or the edges of the tab.
`In these preferred embodiments, the portion of the base
`ply beneath the tab becomes bonded both to the upper
`45 plies of roofing by way of the openings, and also to the
`lower surface of the tab for optimum reinforcement.
`The tab is preferably made easily removable from the
`shank of the nail to avoid its added expense in applica-
`tions where increased uplift resistance is unnecessary.
`
`50
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`55
`
`FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a tab for use in conjunc-
`tion with a conventional fastener or nail of the type
`shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
`FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view along the line 2--2 of
`FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a side viex~ of a preferred prior art nail for
`use with the tab of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 4 is a view looking upwards from the bottom of
`60 the nail of FIG. 3;
`FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the nail of FIG. 3 inserted
`through the central hole of the tab of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the nail-tab combi-
`nation shown in FIG. 5 after such has been driven
`65 through a base ply positioned upon a slab of lightweight
`insulating concrete;
`FIG. 7 is a top plan view of an alternative tab for use
`according to the invention.
`
`FAST FELT 2021, pg. 4
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`4,641,472
`
`3
`FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line 8--8 of
`FIG. 7;
`FIG. 9 is a top plan view of another alternative con-
`struction of a tab for use according to the invention;
`FIG. 10 is a sectional view along the line 10--10 of 5
`FIG. 9;
`FIG. 11 is a top plan view of yet another alternative
`tab construction for use according to the invention.
`FIG. 12 is a top plan view of still another tab con-
`struction; and
`FIG. 13 is a sectional view along the line 13--13 of
`FIG. 12.
`
`10
`
`4
`of the legs as the nail is driven pushes against these
`sloped surfaces forcing them apart. The entrapped ma-
`terial resists against subsequent withdrawal of the fas-
`tener. The use of such overlapping channel-shaped legs
`as a shank, the width of which is the same at the bottom
`as at the top has the advantage over for example a cone-
`shaped shank such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,466,967
`that no void in the soft cement is left at the point of
`insertion following penetration of the shank.
`In FI(3. 6, the shank of the nail of FIG. 3 has been
`inserted through center hole 11 of tab !0 and the nail
`driven through base ply 24 positioned upon a layer 25 of
`insulating concrete, e.g. a mixture of Portland cement,
`expanded vermiculite, air-entraining agent and water.
`15 Legs 17 and 18 have spread to better lock the nail
`within the concrete layer. The inserted nail-tab combi-
`nation shown in FIG. 6 is ready for the usual layer of
`hot fluid asphalt applied, e.g. by mopping, over the
`entire upper surface of the nail, tab and base ply. Open-
`20 ings 12 in combination with the stand-off projections
`13a and 13b permit the asphalt to flow between the tab
`10 and base ply 24. The tab is lifted from the base ply
`surface by the projections 13a and 13b which both al-
`lows the asphalt to be mopped under the edge of the tab
`25 and also to pass from openings 12 to the underside of tab
`10. The result is a bonding of the lower surface of the
`tab to the base ply as well as a bonding of the upper plies
`of built-up roofing applied over the hot fluid asphalt to
`the base ply underlayer by way of the openings 12.
`30 Various alternative constructions for tab 10 are
`shown in FIGS. 7 through 13. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the tab
`10 has generally straight non-interconnecting emboss-
`ments 26a and 26b approximately 0.13 inch (0.32 cm.)
`wide in its surface communicating both with openings
`35 12 and the outer edge 27 of the tab. The embossments
`26a and 26b raise from the surface of the tab eog. about
`0.063 inch (0.19 cm.). The embossments may be raised
`from the upper surface of the tab (26b) in which case
`they create channels between the tab and the base ply
`40 which serve to conduct and distribute fluid asphalt. The
`embossments may also raise from the lower surface
`(26b) in which case they act as "stand-offs" to raise the
`tab from the surface of the base plyo Preferably the tab
`10 of FIG. 7 has both a number of embossments 26b
`45 which raise from its upper surface and a number of
`embossments 26a which raise from its lower surface.
`Such embossments 26a and 26b can be alternatively
`staggered with respect to one another around the cir-
`cumference of the tab as shown.
`50 The embossment in the surface of tab 10 may also be
`in the form of one or more continuous circumferential
`channels, such as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, which inter-
`connect all of openings 12, and which may be raised
`from either or both surfaces of the tab. In FIG. 9, outer-
`55 most circumferential embossment or channel 28a is
`raised from the upper surface of the tab, while the inner
`embossment or channel 28b is raised from the lower
`surface. Openings 12 are located such that they commu-
`nicate with both channels 28a and 28b.
`60 An especially preferred construction for tab 10 is
`shown in FIG. 11. The tab shown therein is essentially
`a combination of the tabs shown in FIGS. 7 and 9. The
`tab of FIG. 11 has a number of embossments 26a from
`its lower surface equal to the number of embossments
`65 26b from its upper surface and such are alternatively
`staggered with respect to one another about the perime-
`ter of the tab. The preferred tab of FIG. 11 additionally
`has the continuous, adjacent circumferential emboss-
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`The invention is best described in detail with refer-
`ence to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1, circular
`tab 10 has a thickness of 0.012 inch (0.039 cm.) and a
`diameter of 2.75 inches (6.99 cm.). Tab 10 has a central
`circular opening 11 and the diameter of which measures
`0.56 inch (1.43 cm.). The tab 10 can be fashioned from
`any rigid material, e.g. metal or plastic, but is preferably
`galvanized steel. The tab has eight circular openings 12
`0.188 inch (0.476 cm.) in diameter regularly spaced
`about its perimeter. In the embodiments shown in the
`drawings, the centers of openings 12 are located one
`inch (2.54 cm.) from the center of the tab. The openings
`have been punched from the tab in a manner such that
`. each opening has projections or lugs 13a and 13b in
`FIG. 2, approximately 0.188 (0.476 cm.) in height com-
`municating therewith and extending from the bottom
`surface of the tab. Projection 13a is spaced from projec-
`tion 13b so that fluid asphalt flowing into an opening 12
`is thus allowed to continue to spread past the projec-
`tions and beneath the tab as will be more fully described
`later.
`In FIG. 5 the tab of FIG. 1 is shown in use according
`to the invention positioned beneath the head of a fas-
`.. tener of the type described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,710,672
`~ . and 4,031,802 to Hallock, the disclosures of which are
`..... hereby incorporated by reference. The Hallock nail
`shown is the preferred nail for use according to the
`invention although it will be obvious that the tab 10 can
`be used in conjunction with other nails used for the
`same purpose in the art. The Haltock nail is shown in
`more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.
`The nail shown in FIG. 3 is a one piece construction
`integrally formed from a single metal blank (e.g. see
`FIG. 9 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,710,672). The nail is generally
`comprised of a generally flat head portion 14 and a
`hollow tubular shank portion 15 depending fron the
`head portion. The head has an embossment 16 best
`shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 to strengthen it against flexing.
`The shank 15 of the nail is made up of two opposed
`"U" or channel-shaped legs 17 and 18 the sides of which
`overlap to form a hollow rectangular tube. Each of the
`legs 17 and 18 is formed integrally with the head 14 and
`are hinged thereto by way of flaps 19 and 20 respec-
`tively. Each of the flaps is attached to the head 14 by
`"knock-out" portions 21 punched from the head and
`part of each of the flaps. The head 14 of the nail has a
`diameter of approximately 1.19 inch (3.02 cm.) and the
`length of the legs 17 and 18 is approximately 1.63 inches
`(4.13 cm.).
`The legs 17 and 18 are caused to spread apart upon
`insertion into.the soft insulating concrete by sloping the
`interior surfaces of opposed sides 22 and 23 of legs 17
`and 18, respectively, toward one another. The portion
`of soft concrete entrapped within the hollow enclosure
`
`FAST FELT 2021, pg. 5
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`4,641,472
`
`ments 28a and 28b of the tab of FIG. 9 raised from its
`upper and lower surfaces respectively. Each opening 12
`in the tab of FIG. 11 communicates with both emboss-
`ments 28a and 28b, as well as a linear embossment 26a
`and 26b. The result is a "fool proof" tab, that is one
`which can be used with a nail as in FIGS. $ and 6 with
`either its upper or lower surface adjacent the base ply
`with excellent distribution of fluid asphalt between the
`¯ base ply and the lower surface of the tab resulting in
`either case.
`Another "fool-proof’ tab construction according to
`the invention is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. In this case,
`the tab surfaces are corrugated, the corrugations 29
`serving to admit and conduct the fluid asphalt mopped
`around the fastener. Although not shown in FIGS. 12
`and 13, the tab 10 is preferably fashioned with the open-
`ings 12 of the previous Figures since bonding of the base
`ply underlying the tab of FIGS. 12 and 13 would be
`dependent solely upon asphalt being mopped under the
`edge of the tab.
`It is obvious to one skilled in the art that tab 10 and
`openings 11 and 12 can have a geometry other than
`circular as has been shown by way of illustration only in
`the drawings. For example, tab 10 can have an overall
`square or rectangular configuration as can openings 11
`and 12. Also the undulations or embossments in the
`surfaces of the tabs can be made interconnecting or
`non-interconnecting in any desired fashion. Moreover
`the tab can be used in connection with any of the vari-
`ous nails or fasteners conventionally used to attach
`roofing membranes in the art other than that shown in
`the drawings, and also in connection with cementitious
`materials other than vermiculite/Portland cement mixes
`for example, mixes containing gypsum or other hydra-
`table binders with or without lightweight aggregates or
`foaming agents.
`It is also obvious that the fastener of the invention can
`have dimensions other than those given above. For
`securing base plys of built-up roofing membranes in the
`manner of the invention however, it is desirable that the
`tab 10 have a width of at least 1.75 inches (4.5 cm.),
`preferably at least about 2 inches (5.08 cm.), and that the
`width of openings 12 be at least about 0.06 inch (0.15
`cm.), preferably at least about 0.12 inch (0.30 cm.).
`It is claimed:
`1. The combination of roofing material for water-
`proofing a roofing deck and a holder for securing said
`roofing material to the deck, comprising said roofing
`material including at least one layer of resilient sheet
`material engaging said deck and a layer of waterproof
`adhesive covering said resilient sheet material, said
`adhesive being flowable when it is applied and substan-
`tially non-flowable after it sets, said holder including a
`generally fiat body having upper and lower surfaces
`and an outer edge, means for penetrating said resilient
`sheet material and attaching said holder to the deck
`with a substantial portion of said lower surface engag-
`ing said sheet material, said holder having a plurality of
`raised portions extending generally radially inwardly
`from said outer edge, each of said raised portions having
`an upper convex surface and a lower concave surface in
`which said convex surfaces extend above said upper
`surface of said body and" said concave surfaces define
`hollow spaces below said raised portions which extend
`to said outer edge and permit flowable adhesive to flow
`thereinto, and said holder having a plurality of aper-
`tures extending through said raised portions and com-
`municating with said hollow spaces to permit flowable
`adhesive to flow into the hollow spaces and form en-
`
`10
`
`larged plugs, whereby said resilient sheet material is
`attached to the deck by said holder and said pentrating
`means and thereafter flowable adhesive is applied to
`said resilient sheet material and said upper surface of
`5 said holder and said adhesive flows into the outer ends
`of said hollow spaces and through the openings to form
`enlarged plugs in the hollow spaces which are inte-
`grally connected to the adhesive above said holder
`when said adhesive sets.
`2. An improved fastener for attaching a base ply of a
`multi-ply built-up roofing membrane to a soft not fully
`cured cementitious construction material and over
`which ply fluid asphalt is to be applied after installation,
`said fastener being comprised of (a) a centrally located
`15 nailing element positioned within (b) a separate base ply
`bonding element non-integral with said nailing element,
`said central nailing element having a generally flat pla-
`nar head serving as a washer to hold said base ply down
`and a narrower hollow penetrating shank depending
`20 from the lower planar surface of said head, said shank
`being comprised of a pair of overlapping, channel-
`shaped legs and being adapted to expand during inser-
`tion into said construction material to thereby capture
`said construction material within it and lock the nailing
`25 element in the construction material; said base ply bond-
`ing element being in the form of a generally flat tab
`having broad upper and lower opposed planar surfaces,
`narrow terminal end surfaces and a central opening
`penetrated by said shank, said central opening being
`30 narrower than said nailing element head in order that at
`least a portion of said lower surface of said head bears
`on the said upper planar surface of said tab, said tab
`being wider in crosswise dimension than said nailing
`element head so that a portion of said tab extends be-
`35 yond said head, said tab having a plurality of additional
`openings therethrough distributed around its portion
`extending beyond said head which openings extend
`from said upper planar surface to said lower planar
`surface, said tab further having at least one embossment
`40 raised from at least one of its said planar surfaces com-
`municating between at least one of said additional open-
`ings and a said terminal end surface of said tab, said
`embossment acting as an asphalt-conducting channel,
`whereby fluid asphalt applied over said fastener and
`45 said base ply is permitted to fill said additional openings
`and also to flow between said tab and said base ply in
`order to bond the portion of the base pty beneath said
`tab and increase the resistance of the roofing membrane
`to uplifting by wind.
`3. The fastener of claim 2 having a plurality of said
`embossments, certain of said embossments raising from
`a said planar surface of said tab, other of said emboss-
`ments raising from the opposed planar surface of said
`tab.
`4. The fastener of claim 2 wherein said tab has a
`width of at least about 1.75 inches.
`5. The fastener of claim 2 wherein said tab has a
`width of at least about two inches.
`6. The fastener of claim 2 wherein said additional
`60 openings through said tab have a width of at least about
`0.12 inch.
`7. The fastener of claim 2 wherein said embossment is
`raised from the said planar surface of said tab upon
`which said nailing element head bears.
`8. The fastener of claim 2 wherein said embossment is
`raised from the said planar surface of said tab adjacent
`said base ply.
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`FAST FELT 2021, pg. 6
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650