Hawley’s
`
`Condensed Chemical
`
`Dictionary
`
`THIRTEENTH EDITION
`
`Revised by
`
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`
`JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
`NewYork ¯ Chichester ° Weinheim ¯ Brisbane ¯ Singapore ¯ Toronto
`
`FAST FELT 2016, pg. 1
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`This text is printed on acid-free paper.
`
`Copyright © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
`transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108
`of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written
`permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate
`per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
`MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher
`for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,
`John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012,
`(212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Condensed chemical dictionary.
`Hawley’s condensed chemical dictionary.--13th ed./revised by
`Richard J. Lewis, St.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-471-29205-2 (hardcover)
`1. Chemistry-Dictionaries. I. Hawley, Gessner Goodrich, 1905-1983.
`II. Lewis, Richard J., Sr. III. Title.
`QD5.C5 1997
`540’.3-~1c21 97-35762
`CIP
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`1098765432
`
`FAST FELT 2016, pg. 2
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`ACS
`atm
`
`autoign temp
`aw
`bp
`Btu
`C
`CAS
`
`CC
`Ci
`CI, C.I.
`
`CL
`CP
`
`cP
`COC
`ca
`
`e.g.
`
`FCC
`FDA
`
`flash p
`
`ft
`I~TC
`g
`
`rI2O
`
`i.e.
`L,!
`lb
`
`Abbreviations
`
`mg
`mg/m3
`IxCi/mL
`Ixg/m3
`rain
`m-
`ram
`mp
`mw, Mw
`NF, N.F.
`
`NIOSH
`
`American Chemical Society
`atmosphere
`American Society for Testing
`and Materials
`autoignition temperature
`atomic weight
`boiling point
`British thermal unit
`degrees centigrade (Celsius)
`Chemical Abstract Service
`Registry Number
`cubic centimeter
`closed cup
`Curie
`nm
`"Color Index" (A standard
`British publication giving
`o-
`official numerical designations OC
`OSHA
`to colorants.)
`ceiling level
`chemically pure: A grade
`designation signifying a
`minimum of impurities, but
`not 100% purity,
`centipoise
`Cleveland open cup
`cubic
`density
`U.S. Department of
`Transportation
`for example
`degrees Fahrenheit
`"Food Chemical Codex"
`U.S. Food and Drug
`Administration
`flash point
`freezing point
`feet
`U.S. Federal Trade Commission
`
`p-
`ppb
`ppm
`psi(a)
`
`%
`refr
`see
`sp vol
`TCC
`TLV
`TM
`TOC
`USAN
`USDA
`USP
`UV
`yap d
`vap press
`
`gallon
`grams per liter
`grams per milliliter
`water
`mercury
`hour
`that is
`liter
`pound
`
`ct
`~
`T
`A
`ix
`E
`1)
`
`xiii
`
`milligram
`milligrams per cubic meter
`microcuries per milliliter
`micrograms per cubic meter
`minimum, minute
`meta
`millimeter
`melting point
`molecular weight
`National Formulary grade of
`chemical
`National Institute for
`Occupational Safety and
`Health
`nanometers
`ortho
`open cup
`U.S. Occupational Safety and
`Health Administration
`para
`parts per billion
`parts per million
`pounds per square inch
`(absolute)
`percent
`refractive
`second
`specific volume
`Tagliabue closed cup
`Threshold Limit Value
`trademark
`Tagliabue open cup
`United States Adopted Name
`U.S. Department of Agriculture
`United States Pharmacopeia
`ultraviolet
`vapor density
`vapor pressure
`weight per gallon
`
`Greek Letters
`
`alpha
`beta
`gamma
`delta
`mu
`sigma
`omega
`
`FAST FELT 2016, pg. 3
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`ASPARAGINIC ACID
`
`96
`
`NH~COCH2CH(NH2)COOH. The fl amide of as-
`partic acid, a nonessential amino acid, existing in
`the D( +)- and L(--)-isomeric forms as well as the
`I~L-racemic mixture. L(--)-asparagine is the most
`common form.
`Properties: L(--)-Asparagine monohydrate: White
`crystals. Mp 234-235C. Acid to litmus. Nearly in-
`soluble in ethanol, methanol, ether, and benzene;
`soluble in acids and alkalies.
`Derivation: Widely distributed in plants and ani-
`mals both free and combined with proteins.
`Use: Biochemical research, preparation of culture
`media, medicine.
`
`asparaginic acid. See aspartic acid.
`
`"Aspartame." [Nutrasweet]. C14H18N20~. TM
`for a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener approved by
`FDA for tabletop use and as a packaged food ad-
`ditive. The U.S., Canada, and South Africa permit
`its use in carbonated beverages. A combination of
`aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine, it is said to be
`200 times sweeter than sugar.
`See sweetener, nonnutritive.
`
`aspartamic acid. See asparagine.
`
`aspartamide. See asparagine.
`
`aspartic acid. (asparaginic acid; asparagic acid;
`aminosuccinic acid). COOHCH~CH(NH2)COOH.
`A naturally occurring nonessential amino acid. The
`common form is L( + )-aspartic acid.
`
`H0~CCH,CHC0,H
`I
`NH~
`
`Properties: Colorless crystals. Soluble in water; in-
`soluble in alcohol and ether. Optically active.
`aspartic acid. Mp 278-280C (decomposes), d 1.663
`(12/12C). L(+)-aspartic acid. Mp 251C. D(--)-as-
`partic acid. Mp 269-271C (decomposes), d 1.6613.
`Source: Young sugar cane, sugar beet molasses.
`Derivation: Hydrolysis of asparagine, reaction of
`ammonia with diethyl fumarate.
`Use: Biological and clinical studies, preparation of
`culture media, organic intermediate, ingredient of
`aspartame, detergents, fungicides, germicides,
`metal complexation. Available commercially as D/
`( --)-, L( + )-, and DL-aspartic acid.
`
`aspartocin. USAN for antibiotic produced by
`Streptomyces griseus.
`
`aspergillic acid. (2-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-6-(1-
`methylpropyl)pyrazine- 1-oxide). C,2H20N2Ov
`An antibiotic from strains of Aspergillusflavus.
`Properties: Yellow crystals. Mp 97C. Insoluble in
`cold water; soluble in common organic solvents and
`dilute acids. Hydrochloride melts at 178C and is
`soluble in water.
`Use: Antibiotic.
`
`Aspergillus. A genus of small molds and fungi
`used in industry to ferment carbohydrates for pro-
`ducing citric and other organic acids.
`
`ASPET. See American Society of Pharmacology
`and Experimental Therapeutics.
`
`asphalt. (petroleum asphalt; Trinidad pitch; min-
`eral pitch).
`CAS: 8052-42-4. A dark-brown to black cementi-
`tious material, solid or semisolid in consistency, in
`which the predominating constituents are bitumens
`that occur in nature as such or are obtained as re-
`sidua in petroleum refining (ASTM). It is a mixture
`of paraffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons and het-
`erocyclic compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen,
`and oxygen.
`Properties: Black solid or viscous liquid. D approx-
`imately 1.0. Soluble in carbon disulfide. Flash p
`450F (132C), autoign temp 900F (482C), solid soft-
`ens to viscous liquid at approximately 93C, pene-
`tration value (paving) 40-300, (roofing) 10-40.
`Good electrical resistivity. Combustible.
`Occurrence: California, Trinidad, Venezuela, Cuba,
`Canada (Athabasca tar sands).
`Hazard: Toxic by inhalation of fume. TLV: (fume)
`5 mg/m3.
`Use: Paving and road-coating, roofing, sealing and
`joint filling, special paints, adhesive in electrical
`laminates and hot-melt compositions, diluent in
`low-grade rubber products, fluid loss control in hy-
`draulic fracturing of oil wells, medium for radio-
`active waste disposal, pipeline and underground
`cable coating, rust-preventive hot-dip coatings, base
`for synthetic turf, water-retaining barrier for sandy
`soils, supporter of rapid bacterial growth in con-
`verting petroleum components to protein.
`See bacteria; protein; oil sands.
`
`asphalt (blown). (mineral rubber; oxidized as-
`phalt; hard hydrocarbon).
`Properties: Black, friable solid obtained by blowing
`air at high temperature through petroleum-derived
`asphalt with subsequent cooling. Penetration value
`10-40, softening point 85 to 121C. Combustible.
`Use: Primarily roofing, as diluent in low-grade
`rubber products and as thickener in oil-based drill-
`ing fluids.
`
`asphalt (cut-back). A liquid petroleum product
`produced by fluxing an asphaltic base with suitable
`distillates. (ASTM).
`Properties: Flash p 50F(10C) (OC).
`Grade: Solution of residue from distillation in car-
`bon tetrachloride, 99.5%.
`Hazard: Flammable, dangerous fire hazard.
`Use: Road surfaces.
`
`asphaltene. A component of the bitumen in pe-
`troleums, petroleum products, malthas, asphalt ce-
`
`FAST FELT 2016, pg. 4
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650