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`Graphic Arts
`and
`Desktop Publishing
`Pocket Dictionary
`
`by
`Harvey R. Levenson, Ph.D.
`Department Head
`Graphic Communication Department
`California Polytechnic State University
`San Luis Obispo, California
`
`and
`
`Thomas D. Kinsey
`Ergo Marketing
`Desktop Publishing Specialist
`
`Summa Books
`560 N. Moorpark Rd., Suite 134
`Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
`
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`Cover and Book Design: Thomas D. Kinsey
`Illustrations and Graphics: Kerri Kramer
`
`Copyright © 1996 Summa Books. All rights reserved. No
`part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any
`form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
`photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
`and retrieval system without written permission from the
`publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a
`review.
`
`First Printing 1996
`
`ISBN 0-932423-10-8
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`About the Authors
`
`Harvey R. Levenson, Ph.D.
`
`A Professor and Department Head of Graphic Communication
`at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo,
`California, with specialties in printing, technology, communica-
`tion, media, and literacy. Dr. Levenson holds four degrees in
`printing and communication including a Ph.D. in Speech with a
`focus on Rhetoric and Communication from the University of
`Pittsburgh; M.S. degree in Printing and Journalism from South
`Dakota State University; B.S. degree in Printing from Rochester
`Institute of Technology; and A.A.S. degree in Graphic Arts and
`Advertising Technology from New York City Community
`College.
`
`Prior to joining Cal Poly in 1983, he founded and chaired the
`Division of Graphics, Design, and Communication at LaRoche
`College in Pittsburgh, and he was Associate Director ot
`Technical Services at the Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
`(GATF). Dr. Levenson serves on the Education Department
`Steering Committee of the GATF, and he is the Chairman of the
`Board of the Graphic Arts Literacy Alliance.
`
`A native of Brooklyn, New York, Dr. Levenson presently
`resides in Ataseadero on California’s central coast with his wife
`Barbara and sons Mark and Damien.
`
`Thomas D. Kinsey
`
`Mr. Kinsey’s forte is business and computers. He sold both
`Mac. and UNIX and PC-based products for many years for such
`companies as: Linotype-Hell Company and Delphi Information
`Sciences Corporation. Additionally, he was a Major Accounts
`Sales Executive for Teledata/General Computers and HP
`Prepress. With over 20 years of experience in the field of com-
`
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`puters, Mr. Kinsey has an extremely diverse and knowledgeable
`background in the Mac, PC and UNIX products.
`
`He has been deeply involved in the graphic arts field since the
`early 1970’s and in desktop publishing since it’s inception.
`Currently he uses the Mac for all desktop publishing applica-
`tions and his PC-based product as an America On-Line and
`Internet workstation and as a contact managing tool. For relax-
`ation, he turns again to his PC for such games as solitaire,
`poker, and blackjack.
`
`Mr. Kinsey is also familiar with the needs of students having
`taught business and related subjects at UCLA, UCSB,
`Moorpark College, Ventura College, Pierce Co!lege and over 15
`other California Community Colleges.
`
`At the present time he is the owner of Ergo Marketing, a firm
`specializing in direct mail and new products development activ-
`ities. Mr. Kinsey has also edited, developed and published over
`20 publications on real estate, investment analysis, and a vari-
`ety of other business topics.
`
`Working in concert with Dr. Harvey R. Levenson, the two form
`a perfect combination of academia and front line field experi-
`ence. Development of this excellent reference book for graphic
`arts professionals was a natural outcome of their mutual desire
`to assist others by sharing their vast knowledge of this rapidly
`changing field.
`
`Mr. Kinsey has lived in California since the age of six and was
`educated in Southern California Catholic Schools. He attended
`Santa Clara University and graduated from California State
`University at Long Beach with a degree in the Humanities.
`
`Table of Contents
`
`PART I: OVERVIEW
`
`List of Figures .......................................................................... 7
`Introduction ............................................................................. 9
`Chronology of Change in the Graphic Arts ........................ 11
`1456: Earth-Shaking Type ................................................... 11
`1897: Enter the Linecasters ................................................ 11
`1954: Photo Threatens Metal .............................................. 11
`!968: The Electronic Age ................................................... 12
`1974: The Front-End Systems ............................................ 12
`1977: Computer Graphics ................................................... 13
`1980: Print Boundaries Change .......................................... 14
`Early to Mid 1980’s ............................................................ 14
`Mid to Late 1980’s .............................................................. 16
`Late 1980’s to Early 1990’s ................................................. 16
`Early 1990’s to Present ....................................................... 18
`Profile of Printing and Publishing Industry Today:
`Industry Segments ............................................................... 21
`Commercial Printing .......................................................... 21
`Newspaper Printing and Publishing ................................... 22
`Magazine/Periodical Printing and Publishing .................... 22
`Book Printing and Publishing ............................................. 23
`Business Forms and Bank Stationery Printing ................... 24
`Financial and Legal Printing .............................................. 24
`Greeting Card Printing ....................................................... 25
`Yearbook Printing .............................................................. 26
`Packaging ........................................................................... 27
`Folding Carton Printing ................................................... 28
`Flexible Packaging .......................................................... 28
`Corrugated Box Printing .................................................. 29
`Metal Decorating ............................................................. 29
`Label Printing ...................................... : ........................... 30
`In-Plant Printing ................................................................. 31
`On-Demand (Quick Printing) ............................................. 32
`Prepress Vendors ................................................................ 33
`Service Bureaus .................................................................. 34
`
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`Gravure Printing - A unique printing process where the image to
`be printed is actually sunken or etched into very small and micro-
`scopic ink wells that hold the ink for transfer to the paper during
`printing. Also known as Intaglio. Printing Processes
`
`Gray Balance - The different percentage of overlapping cyan,
`magenta, and yellow colors that are needed to achieve a gray bal-
`~1 la¢’e, (’.qorf~eprt~duction
`
`Gray Component Replacement (GCR) A more sophisticated ver-
`sion of Under Color Removal that uses modern scanners and digi-
`tizing techniques. This process replaces with black ink those areas
`where the three colors - magenta, cyan, and yellow - overlap in
`equal amounts. Because black ink is cheaper and easier to use, this
`has reduced the cost of color printing. See Under Color Removal
`(UCR). Color Reproduction
`
`Gray Content - The amount of gray in a process color ink that
`causes the color to deviate from its saturated hue. Color
`Reproduction
`
`Gray Map Editor - A method of software control over gray levels
`and shades. Software
`
`Gray Level - Each pixel’s brightness level.~ See Brightness Level.
`Color Reproduction
`
`Gray Scale - A scale that shows the full range of gray tones
`between pure white and solid black. Most computer software used
`today recognizes 256 levels of gray. The human eye can only see
`80 to 100 levels of gray. Digital Photograpt~y - Graphic Arts
`Photography - Scanning
`
`Gray Scale Strip - The gray scale strip printed along a four-color
`printed piece that is used to check contrast and tonal range. Color
`Reproduction - Digital Photography
`
`Greeking - The use of unreadable and meaningless text to create
`the illusion of text in a specific area. It is most commonly used
`when creating a rough draft of artwork or a design to show the
`amount of space to be occupied by the text. Art ~tnd Copy Preparation
`- General Computer
`
`Gripper - The metal clamps that hold the substrate in place as it
`moves through the press. Prioting Processes
`
`Gripper Edge - The non-image, unprintable paper edge that passes
`through the press first. This edge, which can be as wide as 3/s of an
`inch, is held in place by mechanisms called grippers and is respon-
`sible for holding the paper in the press. See Gripper and Gripper
`Margin. Printing Processes
`
`Gripper Margin - The unprintable area on the leading edge of the
`paper where the grippers hold the paper. See Gripper and Gripper
`Edge. Printing Processes
`
`Groundwood Papers - A lower grade paper that is manufactured
`from groundwood pulp and is often used for newsprint. Substmtes
`
`Groundwood Pulp - The wood pulp used to manufacture the low-
`est grade, and the lowest cost paper. Newspaper and other dispos-
`able paper products are created from this type paper. Substrates
`
`GTA/Gravure Ink Standard Color Charts - Color proofing refer-
`ences that are used in gravure printing. Color Reproduction -
`Quality/Process Control
`
`GUI - See Graphical User Interface.
`
`Guillotine - The most common large and powerful paper cutter that
`is used for cutting varying size stacks of paper. The blade requires
`regular attention in order to be sharp enough to cleanly cut the
`paper. Finishing
`
`Gray Scale Value - A scale of 0 through 256. Each number indi-
`cates the degree of brightness of a single pixel. Graphic Arts
`Photography - Scanning
`
`Gum Arabic - A material that is applied to non-image lithographic
`plate areas that make the areas accept water and repel ink. This
`material is manufactured from the acacia tree. Printing Processes
`
`130
`
`131
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`Imagesetter - A sophisticated laser device that is capable of creab
`ing high-resolution text and graphics on film, paper, and on plates,
`Laser Applications - ]),,pesttlittg and Imagesetting
`
`IMG - A file format used on hit-mapped images in GEM programs.
`Desktop/Electronic Publishing
`
`Impactless Printing - See Non-Impact Printing,
`
`Impedance - A measure of the resistance to AC current flow in a
`circuit expressed in ohms. Digital Photogrophy
`
`Imposition - The correct layout or placement of each page of a
`multi-page job, so that every page is positioned in the exact loca-
`tion needed to correctly print and fold the job to achieve the correct
`pagination or paging sequence, hnage Assembly - Printing Processes
`
`Imposition Layout - The guide that is used to indicate the correct
`folding sequence of each signature, how the signatures are to be
`arranged, and indications for all needed cuts and scores. Finishhtg.
`bnage Assembly
`
`Impression - The pressure that occurs when the plate (or type in
`letterpress) touches the paper (or other substrate) and creales the
`printed image, Printing Processes
`
`Impression Counter - The meter that indicates the number of
`impressions created during any interval. Printing Processes
`
`Impression Cylinder - A eyhndrtcal press device that causes the
`impression to occur. See Impression. Printing Processes
`
`Impressions Per Hour (IPH) - A term that indicates press speed.
`Printing Processes
`
`Imprinting - Affixing or stamping information or symbols onto
`different forms ofsubstrates. Finishing
`
`Impulse Jet - Ink-jet printing in which pressure on the ink reser-
`voir is not maintained continuously. Appropriate pressure is
`applied when a droplet is needed to form charactei-s or images.
`Printing Processes
`
`Iudents - The placement of copy or graphics to the right or to the
`left of the margin. See Fig. 19 on page 142. 7~rpography
`
`Index - The alphabetical listing of all the key words in a book with
`the appropriate page numbers where each word is located in the
`text. Desktop/Electronic Publislting
`
`Indexing ~ The printing of tabs that protrude from a book or hinder
`to indicate subdivisions. Prbtthtg Processes - Substrate~,
`
`Inferiors - Characters that are dramatically smaller than the point
`size of the characters next to them. They sit below the adjacent
`character. See Fig. t8. ~pogrophy
`
`Information Superhighway. A telecommuni-
`cation and networking concept for government.
`business, education, and all other institutions to
`send and receive information electronically. It Fig. 18 - Inferiors
`should expedite and simplify information flow. Telecommunications
`
`[ H20
`’
`
`53 1
`
`Information Time Value - The length of time that information
`remains useful, General Computer
`
`Infrared Laser - A specific type of laser that is used in all varieties
`of imagesetters. ,Laser Applications
`
`Inheritance - Object-oriented software that allows one object (i.e.,
`a subheading) to inherit its attributes (i.e.. typeface, point size, etc.)
`from another object (i.e., a header). Desktop/Etectronic Publishing
`
`Initial Graphics Exchange Specifications (IGES) - A standard-
`ized graphics file format. Desktop/Electronic Publishing - Standards
`
`Initial Cap - A style that sets the first letter in the beginning sen-
`tence of a paragraph in an extra large, bold mode. 7~Vpography
`
`Initialize - The process of formatting a diskette or hard drive. See
`Formatting. General Computer
`
`Ink Channel - Areas within the printed section, but outside the
`crop marks of the main image where on-press ink adjustments can
`be made. Printing Proces~’es . Quali~. /Proce~:r Control
`
`140
`
`141
`
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`rollers, which transport the ink to the plate to create the printed
`Ink Film Thickness - The exact thickness of the ink used on press.
`lnk - Qualim. /Process Control
`impression. Ink
`
`Commonly Used Indents
`
`Hanging Indent
`
`This is this an example of a very
`unique type of indentation that
`
`First Line Indent
`
`This is a example of the most
`common type of indentation that
`
`Left/Right Indent - Flush Center
`
`This is the first paragraph that will have the
`standard indentation.
`
`This next paragraph is indented
`with the Left/Right Indent to cre-
`ate a special emphasis.
`
`The next paragraph returns to the style of the
`
`Fig. 19 - Commonly Used Indentations.
`
`Ink Film Thickness Gauge - A device that is used on the press that
`will show the exact ink film thickness. Ink - Quality/Process Control
`
`Ink Fineness of Grind Gauge - A device that is used for the mea-
`surement of the size of pigment particles in the ink. Ink -
`Quality/Process Control
`
`Ink Flying - See Ink Mist.
`
`Ink Fountain - A press storage device that provides the ink for the
`
`Ink Gloss - The gloss or shine that is reflected at specific angles by
`the ink itself, htk - Quality/Process Control
`
`Ink-Jet Printer - A printer that places characters on paper by
`minute dots of ink. Computer Hardware
`
`Ink-Jet Printing - The process of printing with an ink-jet ~nter.
`See Ink-Jet Printer. General Computer
`
`Ink Mist - The mist of minute ink particles that are created while
`printing. This mist tends to collect on the press and on all materials
`surrounding the press. Ink
`
`Inkometer - A device that measures ink tackiness. Ink that is too
`sticky or tacky can harm the paper and cause poor printing, lnk -
`Quality/Process Control
`
`Ink Opacity - An ink’s ability to cover another ink and prevent any
`showthrough. Ink - Quality/Process Control
`
`Ink Sequence - See Color Sequence.
`
`Ink Splitting - The ink rupturing as it leaves the nip on press.
`Printing Processes
`
`Ink Trapping - A condition that occurs when inks in multi-color
`printing do not adhere to each other and the result is color distortion
`and related problems. I~
`
`In-Line Finishing - Binding and finishing operations that are inte-
`grated with printing presses and are part of a continuous operation
`when a substrate leaves the printing press. Such operations include
`trimming, slitting, and all other finishing operations. Finishing
`
`In-Line Position - Images that print in the same direction as the
`paper moves in the press. Printing Processes
`
`In-Plant Printer - Company that owns its own printing presses and
`prints jobs forintemal use. Printing Processes
`
`142
`
`143
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`Key Frame - The main animation flame that controls the action in
`
`upcoming frames. Multimedia
`
`Keyline - A drawing that shows only the outside edges of all the
`
`elements that are to be included in the finished CRC. Their exact
`position and size must be indicated. See CRC. Art and Copy
`
`Preparation
`
`Key Plate - The guide plate that is used for the precise registration
`of all four plates on a multi-color job. Color Reproduction
`
`Kilobyte - See K.
`
`Kiosk - A small display unit that is used to inform the public of
`events or the location of stores. Multimedia
`
`Kiss Impression - The lightest impression ~at can he made on the
`press and still produce a complete impression. See Impression.
`Printing Processes
`
`Knife - A blade that assists in the process of folding paper.
`Finishing
`
`Knock Out - The removal (or knock out) of the color in an area,
`and it usually refers to white. In fact, the term "knock out white"
`means to convert an area to white. Color Reproduction
`
`Kr~fft - A brown (can be dyed other colors) paper that contains
`wood pulp. The stronger version of this paper is used in paper gro-
`cery bags and large mailing envelopes. Substrates
`
`Label - A special gummed paper of various sizes that can be
`adhered to any item for identification or to provide information
`about the item. Substrates
`
`Lacquer - A clear (dull or glossy) coating that is applied to a sub-
`strate to protect the printed surface, to enhance appearance, or to
`draw attention to certain areas on the piece. Printing Processes
`
`Laid Paper - A high-quality paper that is manufactured with a par-
`allel line pattern on the surface to project sophistication and style to
`the paper. Substrates
`
`Laminate - The process of lamination. See Lamination. Finishing
`
`Lamination - The bonding (with heat and steady pressure) of clear
`plastic onto a printed piece to enhance appearance and provide pro-
`tection. Finishing
`
`LAN - See Local-Area Network.
`
`Lands - The non-image areas on gravure cylinders. Image Carriers
`
`Landscape Mode - The capability of a printer to output computer
`images that are wider than they are tal!. See Fig. 23 on page 152.
`Desktop/Electronic Publishing
`
`Laptop - A small portable computer. Computer Hardware
`
`Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
`Radiation) - A low power, highly concentrated, narrow-band light
`beam that creates images through the use of impulses that can be
`received by computers, printers, FAX’s, etc. Laser Applications
`
`Laser Color Separations - The creation of color separations via
`laser techniques. Laser Applications
`
`Laser Paper - Paper having surface characteristics such as smooth-
`ness and adhesion properties that are desirable for the dry toners
`used in imaging on laser printers. Laser Applications - Substrates
`
`150
`
`151
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`MOS (~Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) - A solid-state image pick-up
`device that is very similar to a CCD unit. However, the MOS type
`uses a different method of transferring the signal from the image
`pick-up. This MOS electronic chip typically contains more noise,
`has a low sensitivity to the color blue, and offers more complicated
`signal processing. Digital Phowgraphy
`
`Motile - A spotty printed pattern (or appearance) that is used to cre-
`ate a special effect or it could be the result of some printing error.
`Printing Processes
`
`Muilen Tester - A device that measures any particular paper’s
`bursting strength. Quali~.,/Process Control - Substrates
`
`Multi-Function Device - A state-of-the-art device that performs
`multiple tasks, i.e., foxing, copying, printing, networking, etc.
`Computer Hardware
`
`Multh-nedia - A presentation that combines text, graphics, sound,
`video and animation. Multimedia
`
`Multiple Internal Reflections - A condition that occurs when
`light strikes paper and the light is absorbed (not reflected) by the
`paper. Color Reproduction
`
`Multiplexed - Three or more fonts that have the same width values,
`character for character, in each font. Typography
`
`Multitasking - An operating system that allows more than one task
`to be executing simultaneously. Software
`
`Multithreading - A computer program that allows more than one
`task or process to be executed simultaneously, Software
`
`Munseil-Foss Color Chart - A color production aid that shows the
`color capability of specific combinations of ink, press, and different
`substrates. Color Reproduction
`
`Mylar - A strong and stable polyester film that was developed by
`DuPont. Image Carriers
`
`National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) - A group
`that establishes TV standards for telecasting in the U.S. and other
`countries. NTSC designates video signals which conform to the 525
`scanning line, 60 field/30 frames per second format. Digital
`Photography - Standards - Telecommunications
`
`Near Letter Quality (NLQ) - The level of quality above the dot
`matrix printer. The characters are not as fully formed as high-quali-
`ty electric typewriters. See Dot Matrix Printer. General Computer
`
`Negative Film - Film the reverse of an original image, i.e., light
`areas appear dark and dark areas light. Graphic Arts Photography
`
`Network - A communications link that connects a series of com-
`puters together. This allows them to share files and send files to
`other computers and to peripherals, i.e., printers. General Computer
`
`Neutral Gray - An overprint of the exact same percentage of the
`three process colors in the same area. Color Reproduction
`
`Newspaper Printer - A printer specializing in news and newspaper
`print production. Printing Processes
`
`Newsprint - Low-cost paper manufactured from groundwood and
`chemical pulp. Newspapers are most commonly printed on this type
`of paper, hence the name of newsprint. Sabstrates
`
`Newton Rings - A pattern of concentric, colored circles that can
`occur between smooth, polished surfaces and is caused when light
`is reflected off these surfaces. Quality/Process Control
`
`Noise - Any undesired random voltage, it can be produced by any
`electronic part or component, or may occur naturally. Appears on a
`TV set as grain, snow, or other disturbances in the picture. Digital
`Photography. Telecommunications
`
`Non-!anpact Printing - A printing process where there is no con-
`tact on the substrate in transferring the image to be printed, i.e., ink-
`jet printing, etc. Printing Processes
`
`166
`
`167
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`Non-Metallic Composilion - A technique that uses paper or film
`carriers instead of metal carriers. Typesetting and lmagesetting
`
`Non-Photo Blue - A marking instrument with light blue coloring
`that cannot be seen by a graphic arts camera when photostats,
`plates, or negatives are created. Artand Copy Preparation
`
`Non-Reproducible Colors - Specific colors that occur in nature
`(certain flowers) and in photography that are not reproducible by
`the four-color printing process. Color Reproduction
`
`Non-Reproduciog Blue - See Non-Photo Blue.
`
`North Atlantic Publishing Systems Develops professional soft-
`ware products for desktop publishing users. Contact numbers: 9
`Acton Rd., Chelmsford, MA 01824; (508)250-8080. Software
`
`Notch Binding - The process of making small cuts to the spine of a
`book, prior to perfect binding, to hold the glue when the cover and
`the book are bound together. Finishing
`
`Notebook - A small and portable computer. Computer Hardware
`
`Novell NetWare - A LAN (Local-Area Network) designed and
`developed by Novell, Inc. for PC’s, Mac’s, and other computers and
`their peripherals. Software
`
`Nozzle - The device that ejects the ink on an ink-jet printer.
`Computer Hardware - Printing Processes
`
`NTSC - See National Television Standards Committee.
`
`Numbering - The process of placing numbers on printed business
`forms that are in consecutive order. The operation is frequently
`performed during the time of printing, i.e., immediately after or
`before the creation of an impression. Printing Processes
`
`Numeric Keypad - That portion of the keyboard where the num-
`bers (0-9) and the decimal point are located. ComputerHard~vare
`
`NyQuist Criterion - The criteria used in the definition of image
`sampling rates. Digital Photography
`
`Object-Oriented Graphics - Computer graphics b~sed on the
`graphic primaries - lines, squares, circles, and curves. Graphics are
`created mathematically and altered by changing their mathematical
`descriptions. See Draw Program. Deskrop/Electronic Pubiishirig
`
`Oblique Typestyle - Slanted roman characters. Typography
`
`Oblong - Publications that are bound at the shorter length. Finishh~g
`
`OCR - See Optical Character Recognition.
`
`OCR Scanner - A mechanism that can read typed or typeset char-
`acters and convert these characters to electronic data that is stored
`and can be used later. Scanning
`
`Off-Color - Color different from desired color. Color Reproduction
`
`Off-Line Converting - The groups of different machines that per-
`form binding and finishing operations, i.e., cutting, folding,
`imprinting, etc. Finishing
`
`Off-Machine Proofs - Proofs not created on a press. See
`Matchprint (3M) and Cromalin (DuPont). Proofing
`
`Off-Press Proofs - See Off-Machine Proofs and Pre-Press Proofs.
`
`Offset Duplicator - A small printing press based on the offset lith-
`ographic process. Printing Processes
`
`Offset Gravure - A press that combines the basic principles of
`gravure and offset technology. Printing Processes
`
`Offset/Gravure Conversions - The process of converting offset
`film to gravure cylinders. Printing Processes
`
`Offset Lithographic Press - A printing press on which the plate is
`dampened and then inked. The inked image is transferred to the
`blanket, which will immediately transfer the image to the substrate
`and create the impression. This process is designed to attract water
`to non-image areas and ink to the image areas. Printing Processes
`
`168
`
`169
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`graphics, and photos) that need to be combined to create a finished
`page. See CRC. Art and Copy Preparation
`
`Page Make-Up, Electronic - Computerized systems that can create
`complete pages of text, graphics, and scanned photos that are ready
`to be output to film or plate for printing. See Page Makeup. Art and
`Copy Preparation - Desktop/Electronic Publishing
`
`Paperback - Book with a soft cover. Des~top/Electronic Puhtis’hi~tg
`
`Paperboard - A thick sheet usually made of cellulose and other
`materials, that is over .010th of an inch thick. Substrates
`
`Paper Cutters - A device that has been designed to precisely cut
`paper sheets into the desired sizes. Finishing
`
`Page Printer - An output printer that prints a thll page once it has
`been fully processed. Computer Hardware. Printing Process’es
`
`Paper Master - A paper plate used in some aspects of printing, i.e.,
`offset-duplicator, etc. hnage Carriers
`
`Page Prool~s - A representation of a page as it will appear printed,
`including all the elements: type, graphics, and photos, in the actual
`correct colors. Proofing
`
`Pages Per Inch (PPI) - Paper thickness, i.e., the exact number of
`pages in an inch. Substrates
`
`Pagination - A computer technique that automatically breaks all
`the pages in a document into their correct page sequence.
`Desktop/’Eleclronic Publishing
`
`Paint Prograra - Software that allows the user to create drawings,
`graphics, and illustrations by manipulating various pixels. So.ftware
`
`Palette - A group of colors that have been selected from a larger set
`of colors which can be shown on-screen. Color Reproduction
`
`Panchromatic - A ~pe of photographic film that is sensiti’ce to
`the wavelengths of the visible spectrum (the full range of all the
`visible colors). Graphic Ar~s Photography
`
`Panning - Moving an image, page, or document that is larger than
`the monitor around to view all sections. Desktop/Electronic Publishing
`
`Pantone Matching System (PMS) - A worldwide standard for
`color. Each unique color has a PMS Number, which is used by
`printers and all other individuals in the graphics field to specify the
`exact colors required on each job. Color Reproduction. Ink
`
`Paper - A sheet made of cellulose and other materials, less than
`.006th of an inch thick, used as a printing substrate. Substrates
`
`Paper Stencil Screening - An inexpensive method of screen print-
`ing that uses a paper stencil. See Screen Printing. Printing Processes
`
`Parallel - The sending of data, side by side (at the same time), over
`different wires in the same cable. General Computer
`
`Parallel Port - The computer connection that accepts parallel com-
`munication. Computer Hardware
`
`Park - Setting the head on the hard drive in a rigid position.
`Ge~eral Computer
`
`Password - A character string or code that is a part of a computer
`security system and the user must have to log onto the computer.
`This limits access to computer usage. General Computer
`
`Paste Drier - A material that is compounded into ink to quicken the
`drying time. Ink
`
`Paste Ink - An ink that has a high viscosity, lnk
`
`Paste-Up - The manual process of assembling all the copy, graph-
`ics, and photos onto a board in preparation for the creation of the
`CRC. See CRC. Art arm Copy Preparation
`
`Paste-Up Artist - The person who manually adheres the copy and
`graphic elements onto boards to create CRC. See CRC. Art and
`Copy Preparation
`
`Patch - A last minute change or revision to a plate. Image Carriers
`
`PC-Compatible - Computer hardware and software that is compat-
`
`174
`
`-175
`
`FAST FELT 2007, pg. 11
`Owens Corning v. Fast Felt
`IPR2015-00650
`
`

`
`Print Driver - Software that allows an application program to out-
`put on specific printers. So.tiware
`
`Printer’s Errors - Printer’s errors that are not chargeable to the
`customer. Quality/Process Control
`
`Processor - A special device or unit that converts, through chem-
`istry, the latent image on light-sensitive film or paper to a perma-
`nent, visible image. See Developer. Graphic Arrs Photography
`
`Process Camera - See Graphic Arts Camera.
`
`Printer’s Helper - Those individuals who assist the press opera-
`tors. especially on larger presses. Printing Processes
`
`Process Colors - The four process colors - magenta, wan, yellow,
`and black. See Subtractive Primaries. Color Reproduction - htk
`
`Printer’s Rule - A short, (1 foot or less) two-sided metal or clear
`plastic ruler that has inch measurements on one side and pica and
`point gradations on the other side. Quality/Process Control
`
`Print Image - The image created on the press. Printh~g Processes
`
`Printing Plate - The metal/paper surface that contains and carries
`the complete image that will be printed on the press, hnage Carriers
`
`Printing Press - See Press.
`
`Printing Surface - The actual printing plate surface. It is flat in
`lithography, raised in letterpress and flexography, and recessed in
`gravure. Printing Processes
`
`Print Quality - The final quality of the material that has been print-
`ed. It should match the proof and meet the customer’s expectations.
`Quali~. ,/Process Control
`
`Print Rub Resistence - See Rub Resistence.
`
`Print Run - See Run
`
`Print Server - A computer device (or workstation), having the pri-
`mary function of management of all the printers on a network.
`Computer Hard,rare
`
`Process Lens - A photographic lens that is used in the graphics
`field to produce col