COMPREHENSIVE
`DICTIONARY
`OF
`
`EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
`Phillip A. Laplante
`
`RECEIVED
`MAR 25 2013
`CooleY I..Lf'
`SF Li\ml!Y
`
`0 CRC PRESS
`
`... · Springer . . IEEP: PRESS
`""
`A CRC Handbook Published in Cooperation with IEEE Press
`
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`

`
`Acquiring Editor: Ron Powers
`Production Manager: Suzanne Lassandro
`Project Editor: Susan Fox
`Cover Design: Jonathan Pennell
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Comprehensive dictionary of electrical engineering I Phillip Laplante, editor-in-chief.
`p. em.
`Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
`ISBN 0-8493-3128-5 (alk. paper)
`ISBN 3-540-64835-6 (alk. paper)
`1. Electric engineering - Dictionaries. I. Laplante, Phillip A.
`TK9.C575 1999
`621.3'03-dc21
`
`Co-published by
`CRC Press LLC
`2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W.
`Boca Raton, FL 33431, U.S.A
`(Orders from the U.S.A. and Canada (only) to CRC Press LLC)
`
`and by
`Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
`TiergartenstraBe 17
`D-69121 Heidelberg
`Germany
`(Orders from outside the U.S.A. and Canada to Springer-Verlag)
`
`ISBN 3-540-64835-6
`
`98-44776
`CIP
`
`This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted
`with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made
`to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity
`of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
`All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission
`of the publisher. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,
`computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
`Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
`for identification and explanation, without intent to infii.nge.
`
`© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
`
`No claim to original U.S. Government works
`International Standard Book Number 3-540-64612-4
`Library of Congress Card Number 98-44776
`Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
`Printed on acid-free paper
`
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`

`
`quasi-optics
`
`the gain characteristics can be determined from
`S-parameters, which are linear, with little or no
`error.
`
`fields are quasi-TEM. In this case, good approx(cid:173)
`imation for the phase velocity, propagation con(cid:173)
`stant, and impedance is obtained.
`
`quasi-optics
`a low loss method of transmis(cid:173)
`sion and manipulation of millimeter and sub(cid:173)
`millimeter waves.
`
`quasi-TEM
`a mode of a structure comprising
`multiple dielectrics that behaves like the TEM
`mode of an equivalent structure comprising a sin(cid:173)
`gle material with an appropriate effective dielec(cid:173)
`tric constant. In certain types of transmission
`lines, for example, microstrip lines, the propa(cid:173)
`gating waves are not pure TEM waves. There(cid:173)
`fore, the general static approximations cannot be
`applied; however, in most practical cases one
`can make an approximation by assuming that the
`
`quasiquantum device
`electron device in
`which the principle of the device function is more
`easily explainable by quantum mechanics than by
`Newtonian classical dynamics.
`
`queue
`a data structure maintaining a first(cid:173)
`in-first-out discipline of insertion and removal.
`Queues are useful in many situations, particu(cid:173)
`larly in process and event scheduling. See also
`FIFO memory.
`
`quick gun
`connectors.
`
`a tool for installing crimped wire
`
`524
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`

`
`and the correlation length of the random height
`profile.
`
`round-robin arbitration
`a technique for
`choosing which of several devices connected to a
`bus will get control of the bus. After a device has
`had control of the bus, it is not given control again
`until all other devices on the bus have been given
`the opportunity to get control in a predetermined
`order. The opportunity to get control of the bus
`circulates in a predetermined order among all the
`devices.
`
`rounding
`an operation that modifies a floating(cid:173)
`point representation considered infinitely precise
`in order to fit the required final format. Common
`rounding modes include round to nearest, round
`toward zero, and round toward positive or nega(cid:173)
`tive infinity.
`
`router
`a node, connected to multiple net(cid:173)
`works, that forwards packets from one network
`to another. It is much more complex than bridges
`that work between networks having compatible
`protocols. Also called a gateway.
`
`routing
`given a collection of cells placed on a
`chip, the routing routine connects the terminals
`of these cells for a specific design requirement.
`
`row decoder
`logic used in a direct-access
`memory (ROM or RAM) to select one of anum(cid:173)
`ber of rows from a given row address. See also
`two-dimensional memory organization.
`
`ruby laser
`
`R s Q Q'
`0
`0
`0
`0
`1
`0
`0
`1
`1
`0
`0
`0
`1
`1
`0
`0
`1 0
`1
`0
`I
`1 0
`1
`1 1 0 X
`1 1
`1 X
`
`the symbol "X" is used to denote an unknown
`state for the flip-flop. See also JK flip-flop.
`
`RS-170A
`technical standard developed by the
`Electronics Industry Association that describes
`in detail the relationship between vertical, hori(cid:173)
`zontal, and subcarrier components within a video
`signal. The standard permits synchronization of
`two or more video signals.
`
`RS-;422
`technical standard developed by the
`Electronics Industry Association that defines the
`exact physical, electrical, and functional charac(cid:173)
`teristics for a 40-pin connector that links a com(cid:173)
`puter to communication equipment.
`
`RSGNN
`network.
`
`See recursive self-generating neural
`
`RSSI
`
`See received signal strength indicator.
`
`RTB
`reverse translation buffer. See inverse
`translation buffer.
`
`RTU
`
`See remote terminal unit.
`
`row-access strobe See two-dimensional mem(cid:173)
`ory organization.
`
`rubbers
`personal protective wear for line
`workers, including insulating gloves, sleeves,
`and rubber boots.
`
`RS flip-flop
`a single-bit storage element, usu(cid:173)
`ally formed by connecting two NOR or NAND
`gates in series. RS stands for reset-set. For state
`variable Q and next state variable Q', the simpli(cid:173)
`fied truth table is given as
`
`ruby
`amplifying medium employed in the first
`man-made optical frequency laser.
`
`ruby laser
`laser.
`
`first man-made optical frequency
`
`557
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