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`Standardization Efforts for
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`Victor Hayes
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`menflyflhewirelehsmmticafinmmrketismmudunwicem
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`nieafionsascaabeappreciatedbythe npidlyincreasingpopnlaflanofcarand
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`manila-phantoa'maflahifimdmmm
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`elapse]bitumiMWMWu-fflrrmdifloaotthem’smmdthe
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`umfismmfleufllflshfim
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`require flawless
`Computer communications, however,
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`transfer of millions ofbita in a few seconds. Radio Local Area
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`Network (LAN) products that do not require a user license and
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`operateatuptoZMbbarcavailablctoday andhaveproventhe
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`concept to be viable. Because a large instailetl base of wired
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`{mpper or fiber-optic cable) LANs operate at rates of IO M'hh.
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`astandard effortforawireless LANhastobeaimedatthe
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`same speed. at least. to give a user equivalent performance.
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`Available Standards for
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`Wireless LANs
`There is no fully approved standard for wireless LANs
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`available. The only draft standard close to the l Mbh data rate
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`the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
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`(DEC?) drafi standarcL In June 1991, the Technical Commit-
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`tee for Radio Equipment and Systems of the European Telo
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`communications Standards Institute [ETSD‘ approved the
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`publication of a dam DECT standard for public comment.
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`Each DECT system (comparable to a Private Automatic
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`Branch Exchange—~PABX] can carry IO frequency-division
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`channels for [2 (voice) connections each. Each connection car-
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`riestwo SZMdigital channdsfionnetnionscanbeeombined
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`into groups for higher data rates. the maximum being one
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`614.4 “NS stream for computer data from one access point to
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`another. It typically takes 30 ms to set up and clcar such a con-
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`nection; this limits the practical throughput in LAN systems to
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`about 300 this
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`Active Standards Groups
`Two committees an: working on wireless communications
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`in the U5. The Accredited Standards Committee Tl estab-
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`lished a group, TlPl, chartered with the systems engineering.
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`standards planning. and programs man
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`networks within Tl , in October 1990. The first project is called
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`Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT). UFT would
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`enable a user to access network services from any terminal, i.e.,
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`fixed. movable, or mobile. The user could move across difi‘er—
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`ent networks. both private and public, such as the Public
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`Switched Telephone Network (PS’I‘N), Integrated Services
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`Digital Networks (ISDNs). and cellular radio networks It is
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`not clear what the data rate and error requirements should be.
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`From the list of networks mentioned, this writer assnrnes that
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`thedataratewould mainlybebciowé‘ikbbandbemz. would
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`IE‘l‘Sl was formed by the Conference ofEuropean Postfl andTele-
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`communications LCEPT} administration in 1988. and is only accessi-
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`ble for its members. i.e., European administrations. European tele-
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`communication sen'iee protriders. European telecommunication and
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`computumanufactumanduscrouanintions. ‘l‘hegoalofETSIis
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`to create Europe-wide telecommunication standards.
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`not fit the requirements for local area computer communica-
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`cons
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`The institute ofEiec-trical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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`established a standards working group for wireless LANs in
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`July 1990. More details of this committee are given in the next
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`section.
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`In Europe, the two potential candidates for establishing a
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`standard are ETSI and the European Computer Manufacturers
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`Association (ECMA).
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`'l'heECMAproposalisthatETSlandECMAeslabhsha
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`joint committee with the charter offeetfins the IEEE working
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`group with European requirements for wireless LANs. coordi-
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`nating European radio spectrum Immunization. and provid-
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`ing technical contributions with the aim of obtaining a world-
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`wide standard for wireless LANs
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`ETSI is in the process of establishing a rubtechnical com-
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`mittee for wireless LANs. An ad hoc group is already working
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`to prepare the terms and reference for the group. The next op-
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`portunity for approving the establishment of the sublechnical
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`committee is in the Dec. 1991—.lan. 1992 timeframe. The
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`first charter ofthe committee is to manage research for the def-
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`inition of “services and facilities.” The original plan called for
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`having the definition established in June 1992.
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`Although ECMA could invite experts from outside, both
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`ECMA and ETSI restrict participation in the standards making
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`pmcem to members only.
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`The European Radio Commission {ERG} of the CEFF ad-
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`ministration is studying the acceptance ofa Recommendation
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`for radio LANs. It is expected that the Recommendation could
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`be agreed upon in the beginning of 1992.
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`In Japan. four groups are active on wireless LAN. The Tele-
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`communication Technology Council (TIC) ofthe Ministry for
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`Post and Teleconununications (MPT) is responsible for fre-
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`quency allocation and has recommended that radio IAN sys—
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`tems share the LES-3,4!!!) MHZ and the l?.?—2].2 Gil:
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`bands with other services. The Research and Development
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`Center for Radio Systems (RCRJ. within the MPT. is preparing
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`Tabla 1. International Standards Prepared by IEEE P802
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`if" it"
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`WWW
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`WWW-utte-
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`iP-na: murderous-am
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`ImWnW-m—
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`mammummm
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`00-”me
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`Hofltodand
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`WWW
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`Part4: Tatum-Flam ”Am-aw ltd
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`0mm;91f0011~m19 $01.00 " 199! IEEE
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`November 1991 ~IEEE Network Magazine
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`.
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`l9
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`Petitioner Biotronik, Inc. - EX. 1016, p. l
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`1
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`Petitioner Biotronik, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 1
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`

`

`Tabb [LWodtPIaflollhelEEE m1! Norman“)
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`Goal
`Projected Eli-rte
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`draft specifications for the Japanese wireless standard. Re-
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`search is being done at the Institute of Electronics Information
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`and Computer Engineering (IEICE) and the Ministry of Inter-
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`national Trade and Industry {MITI}.
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`The IEEE Working Group
`The IEEE worlting group2 for wireless LAN: (designated
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`[BEE P301”) is part of IEEE Standards Project 802. This
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`project is sponsored by the Technical Committee for Comput-
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`er Communications, a standards activity ofthe Computer So-
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`ciety. It is recognized as the focal point for the development of
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`LAN standards and is respected for its expertise and produc-
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`tivity within the IEEE. Their work is appreciated internation-
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`ally. Table I shows these standards that have been adopted as
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`International Standards by the International Organization for
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`Standardizationflnternational Electrotechnical Commission
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`(ISCIlIIlEC)3 community to date.
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`The first activity on a wireless medium was started in Work-
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`ing Group 802.4, which worked on the token-passing bus ac-
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`cess method in 193?. The prime interest ofthe participants was
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`using radio transmission.
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`During the studies of modulation techniques. the group‘s
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`interest focussed on the nonlicensed radio frequencies. The
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`only opportunity to do so was by using spread spectntm modu-
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`lation aspennitted in the U.S. by the Federal Communications
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`Commission (FCC) in the 902—928 MHz. 2,400—2.50(l MHz.
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`and 5325—5375 MHz hands. These bands are designated for
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`Industrial. Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. Other
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`results of the studies were the understanding of radio channel
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`characteristics. such an propagation and noise in buildings.
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`The information was gained partly from literature and partly
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`from measurements obtained at the automobile plant of Gen-
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`eral Motors (GM) at Oshawa. Ontario. Canada.
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`At the July 1990 meeting, the group had come to the oonclu~
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`sion that the token-passing bus protocol was not suitable for
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`controlling a radio medium without causing inefficient use of
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`the radio frequency spectrum. The Executive Committee of
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`IEEE Project 802 decided at the same meeting to establish
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`2The working group in IEEE is an open forum; anyone can attend
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`the meetings, but participation in the discussions may be restricted by
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`the chaiman to members. Membership of the working group is grant-
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`ed to individuals that have a satisfactory attendance record.
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`3The ISO and {EC are jointly responsible for the international stan-
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`dard ization of infest-nation technology related subjects. Membership is
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`by national standards institute.
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`20 e November 1991 - IEEE Network Magazine
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`Working GroupIEEE P301] l withthechanerto delineation-
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`cess protocol and a medium control specification suited for
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`radio.
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`The working group now has over 3'0 voting members and a
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`mailing list with over 300 addresses. Members are from the
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`US. as well as Canada. Japan. Australia. and Europe. Most
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`major computer manufacturers participate in this group.
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`First, the plan calls for the establishment of an IEEE Stan-
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`dard and then the introduction ofthat standard asa draft to the
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`ISOIIEC for consideration as an International Standard. In
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`concert with the policy of the Open Systems Interconnection
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`(OSI) community in ISOJIEC, the plan includes the prepara-
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`tion of abstract test suites. The goal ofabstract test suites is to
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`ensure that all products can be tested for conformance to the
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`standard, employing the same set of test rules and providing
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`the same verdict of test results. no matter where in the world
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`the testing is performed.
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`Although ”Wireless” may include infrared or visible light
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`waves, the majority of the group has an interest in radio. The
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`radio spectrum, however. is a scarce resource and “owned“ by
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`the administration of each country. The major challenge, first
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`of all. is to obtain sufficient spectrum in various countries, and
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`harmonize the allocation and rule-making worldwide. Thus.
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`panofthetaskofthe workinggroupistoenoourage regrlatory
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`agents to allocate bands for radio LANs. To prevent a require-
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`ment for end-user licensing. the means of sharing radio fre-
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`quencies must be such that no coordination with existing users
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`is needed. Because of the many uncertainties involved in the
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`regulatory process, the group started work in the bands desig-
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`nated for ISM applications.
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`Presently the working group is focusing on the formulation
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`of design goals based on user requirements. A majorissue is the
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`decision whether voice communication is to be accommodat-
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`ed. Onoeanagreement basbeen reached. the group willestab—
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`lishanarchitecturebeforeafirstdraftisdevekrped'fhework-
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`ing group has set an ambitious schedule (see Table II). The goal
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`is to have a standard by the end of 1993.
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`As stipulated in its Project Authorization. the goal of IEEE
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`P802 is to propose a standard suitable for adoption by the ISO!
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`IEC as an International Standard. Liaison with ETSI andTl P I
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`has been set up to prevent duplication of work However.
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`scarceness of radio frequency spectrum and historical differ-
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`ences in national frequency allocations may force the specifica-
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`tion of separate transmitterlreceiver specifications in some
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`countries.
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`Biography
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`Petitioner Biotronik, Inc. - EX. 1016, p. 2
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`2
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`Petitioner Biotronik, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 2
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