THE PRESSURE SENSITIVE TOUCH- PAD
`
`James P. Williams
`Gregor y F. Welch
`
`April 30, 1985
`
`E.E. T. 454
`Prof . Tom Shultz
`
`r. -
`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 1
`
`

`
`System Plan :
`This project, which was designed by James P. Williams
`and Gregory F. Welch , will use an original design fo r a
`pressure sensitive touch- pad used to allow input to a micro(cid:173)
`processor system .
`The touch- pad will use a matrix of conductive foam
`squares which behave as variable resistor s . Using some
`special scan circuitr y , the sof tware will continue to scan
`the touch- pad for a large change in resistance f rom one scan
`to another .
`The problem f aced is that of designing the hardware and
`the software required to scan the pre ssure sensitive t ouch(cid:173)
`pad , and to determine (by software) whether or not a specific
`area of the touch- pad was being pre ssed .
`The touch-pad should be such that a small child could
`use it to control a small vehicle such as a wheelcha ir. The
`positional data could represent the direction in which t o
`move , and eventually, the amount of pressure could determine
`the speed at which the wheelchair moves .
`
`•
`
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`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 2
`
`

`
`Introduction:
`The pressure sensitive touch- pad system was designed
`to eliminate the need for a positive (definite) depression
`of a. speci f ic key to per form a task . However , the touch- pad
`is still set- up in a matrix fashion , so that the area of the
`most pressure could be determined . The purpose of this is
`to facilitate contr ol of a small vehicle by children with
`underdeveloped fine motor skills . Such children might have
`problems with pressing one specific key among many , and they
`might not be able to apply dir ect forc e on a key .
`With this current system , the user would apply pressur e
`to a certain area of the touch- pad , and the system would
`recognize the key (or area) , and display a number on the
`video display terminal which corresponds to that area.
`
`Software:
`There a r e seve ral special features in the touch- pad
`softwar e which require further explaination .
`The f irst area of interest is a typed subroutine called
`Value . The purpose of this subr outine is to allow the so f t (cid:173)
`ware to determine the amount of re sistance (relatively) that
`is character istic of a certain key or area .
`It begins by
`placing the count of the key OR ' d with data to initialize
`the hardware on an output port . This selects the key to be
`read , and places a high on both the a dd re ss latch enable (ALE)
`and the star t conver sion (SC) . The value s are OR ' d together
`because the control is all processed through the same port .
`Next , the r outine places the count value on the out(cid:173)
`put port twice again . Both times , the count is OR ' d with
`the data required to control the hardware. The fi r st time ,
`a l ow is pl aced on the ALE line , and then a low on the SC
`line . This begins the pr ocess of conversion .
`Final ly, the r outine loops , checking for an end of
`conversion (EOC) signal . When the data is ready , it is re(cid:173)
`turned through the typed subr outine .
`
`1
`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 3
`
`

`
`:
`
`The next area of software interest is the main section
`of code . The main section of code is comprised of two loops ,
`one inside ttie other . The outer loop repeats until either
`a break is encountered , or some other means such as a reset
`is used to halt the microprocessor .
`It begins by zeroing
`out (so to speak) several variable s to be used .
`It then
`scans the keyboard and looks for the largest difference in
`resistance between the present and the last scan . Then , if
`this difference is greater t han a threshold value , the numbe r
`corresponding to the area pressed is displayed on the vdt .
`The inner l oop repeats sixty- four times , every time
`it is encountered .
`I t begins by calling the Value sub(cid:173)
`routine which returns a value between zero and 128 , rep(cid:173)
`It
`resenting the current value of resistance for that key .
`then determines if the current scan value is less than the
`permanent value, then the permanent value is updated to the
`current value . Next, it determine s the difference between
`the permanent value and the current value . Throughout the
`looping, it checks to see if that difference is the greatest
`found yet .
`If so , it stores the key number and the value ,
`otherwise , it continues on to the next key .
`
`Hardware :
`The hardware consists mainly of two parts; the touch(cid:173)
`pad, and the scan circuitry .
`The touch- pad consists of 64 conductive foam square s
`which are sandwiched between eight conductive strips positioned
`in one direction below , and eight ot her s in a perpendicular
`direction above . This forms an eight by eight matrix wnich
`allows which allows the scan circuitry to determine the
`current re sistance of any square o: foam .
`The scan circuitry uses an eight channel digital de(cid:173)
`multiplexer, and an eight channel analog multiplexer. The
`software delivers a six bit word to this circuitry , three
`of which are used to place a high on one of eight lines using
`the demultiplexer ,
`the other three which are used to select
`one of the eight channels of the analog multiplexer A/D
`
`2
`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 4
`
`

`
`converter . This chip then converts the analog signal on the
`selected line to an eight bit digital word which is then
`I
`made available ·to the microproce ssor . This , although it
`is an actual vol tage reading , is used to represent the cur(cid:173)
`rent resistance of the sel ected square . The larger the number ,
`the greater the force applied to the square , the less the
`resistance .
`
`Analysis:
`There were two problems encountered during the devel(cid:173)
`opment of t he touch- pad which were considered to be major .
`The fi r st problem was that of selectivity. Originally ,
`the touch- pad consisted of one large sheet of conductive foam
`with a matrix of wires above and below it . The problem was
`that pressure in one spot might appear as pressure i n several
`spots . This problem was solved almost completely by separ(cid:173)
`ating the sheet into 64 seperate squares of foam which did
`not come in contact with eachother . Then to further eliminate
`the problem ,
`used flexible copper str ips instead of the
`stiff wir e originally used .
`The second pr oblem was that of dete r mining with soft(cid:173)
`ware , what actually represented a key being pressed . The
`fi rs t attempt kept the values read during each scan in an array
`I
`which was updated with each scan . The problem was that
`because the arr ay was being updated so frequently , there was
`never really time to determine if the change was due to an
`actual depression of the pad , or some other outside event .
`This problem was solved by updating the array only once at the
`begining of the program . Later scans a re c ompared to this
`scan only , and the a rray is only updated if the movement
`(resistance change) seems to be opposite to that of a dep(cid:173)
`ression, in other words , settling of the foam .
`
`I n the fu ture , one might separate the conductive foam
`further with strips of insulating foam . This would tend to
`physically support the keys surrounding the one being pressed ,
`but still still allow the fle xibility of the original design .
`
`3
`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 5
`
`

`
`Also , another nice improvement to be made in the future
`woul.d be to allow the amount of pressure applied to control
`a device such as a motor . This would not be a very tough
`project enhancement as far as the current software is con(cid:173)
`cerned . The byte value returned f r om the Value subroutine
`could be used directly to regulate the pulse width of a
`signal s ent to a motor , thus varying the speed .
`
`James P. Williams
`Gregory F. Welch
`
`4
`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 6
`
`

`
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`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 7
`
`

`
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`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 8
`
`

`
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`
`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 9
`
`

`
`/tl- 80 COMPILER
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`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 10
`
`

`
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`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 11
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`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 12
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`SCEA Ex. 1036 Page 13