STEIJMllllI'S
`Medical
`Dictionary
`
`28th Edition
`
`Illustrated in Color
`
`
`
`$29 LIPPINCOTTWILLIAMS aWILKINS
`
`A Wolters Kluwer Company
`
`Philadelphia - Baltimore - New York - London
`Buenos Aires - Hong Kong - Sydney - Tokyo
`
`IKARIA EXHIBIT 2007
`Praxair v. INO Therapeutics
`IPR2015-00524
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`IKARIA EXHIBIT 2007
`Praxair v. INO Therapeutics
`IPR2015-00524
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`1
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`

`.
`
`Publisher: Julie K. Stegman
`Senior Product Manager: Eric Branger
`Associate Managing Editor: Tiffany Piper
`Marketing Manager Yvonne Palmer
`New Terms Editor. Thomas W. Filardo, MD
`Etymology Editor: John H. Dirckx, MD
`.
`Chief Copyea'itor: Raymond Lukens
`Copyeditors: Ellen Atwood, Vincent Ercolano, Ellen Erkess, Linda Seating
`Pronunciations Editor. William R. Hensyl
`On-Line Editors: Barbara L. Ferretti, Kathryn I. Cadle, Lisa Fahnestock
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`Copyright © 2006
`Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
`A Wolters Kluwer Health Company
`351 West Camden Street
`Baltimore, Maryland 21201—2436 USA
`www.3tedmanscom
`stedmans@lww.com
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`Copyright © by William Wood and Company: 1911, lst ed; 1912, 2nd ed; 1914, 34 ed; 1916, 4th ed; 1918, 5th
`ed.; 1920, 6th ed.; '1922, 7th ed; 1924, 8th ed; 1926, 9th ed; 1928, 10th ed.; 1930, 11th ed.
`
`Copyright©byWilliams&Wilkins:1933,12thed;1935,13thed;1939,14thed.;1942,lSthed.;1946,16thed;
`1949, 17th ed; 1953, lSthedg 1957, 19th ed.; 1961, 20th ed.; 1966, let ed.; 1972, 22nded., 1976, 23rd cd.; 1982,
`24th ed; 1990,2501 ed.; 1995, 26th ed
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`Copyright © by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2000, 27th ed.
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`reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and
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`The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise) for any injury resulting
`from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general principles of medical
`care which should not be construed as specific instructions for individual patients. Manufacturers’ product infonna—
`tion and package inserts should be reviewed for current information, including contraindications, dosages and pre-
`cautions.
`
`Database design by Lexi-Comp Inc. Hudson, OH
`Printed in the United States of America by Quebecor World
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—l’ublicafion Data
`Stedman, Thomas Lathrop, 1853-1938.
`Stedman‘s medical dictionary. ——28th ed.
`p. ; cm.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 0-7817-3390—1 (alk. paper)
`1. Medicine-—Dictionaries.
`1. Title. 11. Title: Medical dictionary.
`_ [DNLMI 1._Medicine«Dictionary-English. W13 S812m 2006]"
`R121 38 2006
`610'.3--dc22
`
`2005021544
`
`05 06 07 08 09
`1 2 3 4 5
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`2
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`IKARIA EXHIBIT 2007
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`______—_.___.______———-_—-———-——-—-—*—-,_____
`chenopodium
`
`chill
`
`chemo-po-di-um (ké’né—pfi’de—fim). The dried ripe fruit of
`Chenopodium ambrosoides (family Chenopodiaceae). American
`wormwood, from which a volatile oil
`is distilled and formerly
`used as an anthelmintic. SYN Jesuits‘ tea, Mexican tea, wormseed
`(2).
`[G. che'n, goose, + pous (pod), foot] _
`CHEP. Abbreviation for cricohyoidoepiglottopexy.
`
`cher-ry juice (cher’é jfis). The juice expressed from the fresh
`ripe fruit of Prunus cerasus, containing not less than 1.0% of
`malic acid; used as a flavoring agent, and as a vehicle for cough
`syrups and other preparations for oral administration.
`che- rub-ism (cher’ilb-izm) [MIM*118400]. Hereditary giant
`cell lesions of the jaws beginning in early childhood; multilocular
`radiolucencies and progressive symmetric painless swelling of the
`jaws; bilateral; occurs with no associated systemic manifestations.
`SYN fibrous dysplasia of jaws.
`[Hebr. kerubh, cherub]
`chest (chest). 1. The part of the body between the neck and the
`abdomen, enclosed by the ribs and the sternum. SEE ALSO thorax.
`2. Colloquially, the anterior wall of the thorax. SYN pectus.
`[A.S.
`cast, a box]
`-
`alar c., SYN flat c.
`barrel c., a c. permanently resembling the shape of a barrel, i.e.,
`with increased anteroposterior diameter, roughly equaling the lat-
`eral diameter; usually with some degree of kyphosis; may be seen
`in cases of emphysema. SYN barrel-Shaped thorax.
`buffalo c., a c. in which there is a single pleural space. [so called
`because the North American buffalo, or bison, has a single pleural
`cavity]
`flall 0., loss of stability of thoracic cage following fracture of
`sternum, ribs. or both; can cause respiratory failure.
`_
`flat 0., a c. in which the anteroposterior diameter is shorter than
`the average. SYN alar c., pterygoid c.
`toveated c., funnel c., SYN pectus excavatum.
`kseled C., SYN 'pectus carillatum.
`phthinoid c., along narrow c., the lower ribs being more ob-
`lique than usual and sometimes reaching almost to the crest of the
`ilium, with the scapulae projecting backward,
`the manubrium
`Sterni depressed, and with the sternal angle sharper than normal;
`such a c. was once considered indicative of pulmonary tuberculo-
`srs.
`
`pigeon c., SYN pectus carinatum.
`pterygoid c., SYN flat c.
`Cheyne (Chan),
`John, Scottish physician, 1777—1836. SEE C.-
`Stokes psychosis, respiration.
`_
`CHF Abbreviation for congestive heart failure.
`chi (kl).
`1. The 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, x- 2. In
`chemistry, denotes the 22nd in a series. 3. Symbol for the dihedral
`angle betWeen the ot—carbon and the side chains of amino acids in
`peptides and proteins.
`-
`Chi-a-ri (kc-ah’ré), Johann B., German obstetrician, 18174854.
`SEE C.-Frorrlmel syndrome.
`Chi-a-ri (ké—ah’ré), Hans, German pathologist, 1851—1916. SEE
`Amold—C. deformity, malformation, syndrome; C. disease; net,
`syndrome, II syndrome; C.—Budd syndrome; Budd-C. syndrome.
`chi-asm (ki'azm). 1. An intersection or crossing of two lines. 2
`[TA]. In anatomy, a decussation or crossing of two fibrous bun-
`dles, such as tendons, nerves, or tracts. 3. In cytogenetics, the site
`at which two homologous chromosomes make contact (thus ap-
`pearing to be crossed), enabling the exchange of genetic material
`during the prophase stage of meiosis. SYN chiasma [TA].
`[G.
`chiasma]
`Camper c. (kahm'pér), SYN tendinous c. of the digital tendons.
`floptic c. [TA], a flattened quadrangular body in front of the tuber
`.cinereum and infundibulum, the point of crossing or decussation
`of the axons of the optic nerves. Axons from the nasal retina cross
`to the opposite side, whereas axons from the temporal retina run
`directly caudal without crossing; some pass transversely on the
`posterior surface between the two optic tracts, and others pass
`transversely on the anterior surface between the two optic nerves.
`See this page. SYN chiasma opticum [TA], optic decussation.
`tendinous c. of the digital tendons [TA], crossing of the
`
`
`
`optic nerve
`lnfundihulum
`optic chiasm
`‘ optic lracl
`
`
`
`
`crus cerebri
`
`
`
`mammlllary body
`inlerpeduncular fussa
`
`optic chiasm and adjacent structures on the inferior surlacevof the
`____________.____.._.-__—.———-———————
`diencephalon
`.
`
`tendons, the passage of the tendons of the flexor digitorum pro-
`fundus (flexor digitorum longus in the foot) through the interval
`left by the decussation of the fibers of the tendons of the flexor
`digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum brevis in the foot). SYN
`chiasma tendinum [TA], Camper c.
`chi-as-ma, p1. chi-as-ma-ta (ki—az’ma, ki—az’ma—ta) [TA].
`SYN chiasm“ [G. chiasma, two crossing lines, fr. the letter chi, 3]
`c. opticum [TA], SYN optic chiasm.
`c. tendinum [TA], SYN tendinous chiasm of the digital tendons.
`chi-as-ma-pex-y (ki-as’mii-pek’sé). Surgical fixation of the
`optic chiasm. [G. chiasma, decussation, + péxis, fixation]
`chi.as.mat-ic (ki—az—mat’ik). Relating to a chiasm.
`chick-en-pox (chik’en-poks). SYN varicella.
`chi.cle (chik'el). 1. The partially evaporated viscous, milky juice
`from Manilkara zapotilla (sapotaceae), which is native to the
`West Indies, Mexico, and Central America. 2. A mixture of gutta
`with triterpene alcohols. Used in the manufacture of chewing
`gum. [Sp., from Nahuatl chictli]
`Chieovitz (ké'vitz), Johan H., Danish anatomist, 1850—1901.SEE
`C. layer, .organ.
`‘
`chig-ger (chig’er). The six-legged larva of Trombicula species
`and other members of the family Trombiculidae; a bloodsucking
`stage of mites that includes the vectors of scrub typhus.
`chig-oe (chig’o). Common name for Tunga penetr'ans.
`fichil- (chil). sag chilo-.
`Chi-lai-di-ti (ké-li—dé'te), Demetrius, 20th-century Austrian ra—
`diologist. SEE C. syndrome.
`_
`.
`chil-blain (chil’blan). Avoid the misspelling'chillblain. Erythe—
`ma, itching, and burning, especially of the dorsa of the fingers and
`toes, and of the heels, nose, and ears caused by vascular constric—
`tion on exposure to extreme cold (usually associated with high
`humidity);
`lesions can be single or multiple, and can become
`blistered and ulcerated. SYN erythema pernio,‘pemiosis.
`[chill +
`A.S. blegen, a blain]
`'
`CHILD Acronym for congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform
`erythroderma and limb defects. SYN CHILD syndrome.
`-
`childtbear-ing (child’bat’ing). Pregnancy and parturition.
`chlld~birth (child’berth). The process of labor and delivery in
`the'birth of a child. SEE ALSO birth, accouchement.
`SYN parturi-
`tion.
`‘
`
`child-hood (child’hud). The period of life between infancy and .
`puberty.
`chill (chil). Avoid the redundant phrase cold chill(s).‘ 1. A sensa—
`tion of cold. 2. A feeling of cold with shivering or shaking and
`pallor, accompanied by an elevation of temperature in the interior
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`induction
`infant
`
`organizer or evocator on the differentiation of adjacent cells or on
`the development of an embryonic structure. 5. A modification
`imposed on an offspring by the action of the environment on the
`germ cells of one or both parents. 6. In microbiology. the change
`from probacteriophage to vegetative phage that may occur sponta-
`neously or after stimulation by certain physical and chemical
`agents. 7. In enzymology, the process of increasing the amount or
`the activity of a protein. SEE ALso inducer.
`8. A stage in the
`process of hypnosis. 9. Causal analysis; a method of reasoning in
`which an inference is made from one or more specific observa-
`tions to a more general statement. Cf. deduction. 10. Inactivation
`of a repressor in gene regulation. [L. inductio, a leading in]
`electromagnetic i., generation of an electrical current
`conductor when it is moved across a magnetic field.
`lysogenic i.,
`i. that occurs when prophage is transferred to a
`nonlysogenic bacterium by conjugation or by transduction.
`spinal i., the manner in which one sensory stimulus lowers the
`threshold for another.
`
`in a
`
`in-duc-tor (in—duk’tor. —t6r). 1. That which brings about induc-
`tion. 2. In embryology, an evocator or an organizer.
`imduc-to-ri-um (in’dilk-té’ré—iim). An instrument formerly
`used in physiologic experiments to generate pulses of induced
`electricity for stimulating nerve or muscle.
`in-duc-to-therm (in-diik’to-therm). The apparatus used in in—
`ductothermy.
`in-duc-to-thenmy (in-dfik’to-ther’mé). Artificial fever pro-
`duction by means of electromagnetic induction. [induction + G.
`therme“, heat]
`in~du-Iin (in’dfi-lin) [C.I. 50400—50415]. A blue quinone-imine
`dye related to nigrosin; occasionally used as a stain in histology
`and bacteriology.
`in.du-Iin~o-phile (in’dfi-lin’o-fil, n1).
`in-du-lin-o-phit,
`Taking an i'ndulin stain readily. [indulin + G. philos, fond]
`in odul-ratued (in’dfi—rét’éd). Hardened, usually. used with refer-
`ence to soft tissues becoming extremely firm but not as hard as
`bone. [L. in—duro, pp. -duratus, to harden, fr. durus, hard]
`in-du-ra-tion (in’dfi—ra’shfin). 1. The process of becoming ex-
`tremely firm or hard, or having such physical features. 2. A focus
`or region of indurated tissue. SYN sclerosis (1).
`[L. induraria (see
`indurated)]
`_
`brown i. of the lung, a condition characterized by firmness of
`the lungs, and a brown color associated with hemosiderin—pig-
`mented macrophages in alveoli, consequent upon long-continued
`congestion due to heart disease. SYN pigment i. of the lung.
`cyanotic i., i. related to persistent, chronic venous congestion in
`an organ or tissue, frequently resulting in fibrous thickening of the
`walls of the veins and eventual fibrosis of adjacent tissue; the
`affected tissue becomes fumer than normal, and tends to have an
`unusual, red-blue color.
`‘
`,
`.
`gray i., a condition occurring'in lungs during and after pneumon-
`ic processes in which there is failure of resolution; there is a
`conspicuous increase in fibrous connective tissue in the walls of
`the alveoli, and also within the alveoli (e.g., fibrous organization
`of exudate); in contrast to brown i., there is usually not a promi-
`nent degree of pigmentation, unless chronic passive congestion is
`also present.
`pigment i. of the lung, SYN brown i. of the lung.
`plastic i., sclerosis of corpus cavemosum of penis.
`red i., a condition observed in lungs in which there is an ad-
`vanced degree of acute passive congestion, acute pneumonitis or a
`similar pathologic process.
`in-dwra-tive (in’dfi-ra’tiv). Pertaining to, causing, or charac-
`terized by induration.
`‘
`in-du~si-um, p1. in-du-sia (in-dfi’zé—fim, sea). 1. A mem-
`branous layer or covering. 2. The amnion. [L. a woman’s under-
`garment, fr. induo, to put on]
`i. griseum [TA], 3 thin layer of gray matter on the ‘dorsal surface
`of the corpus callosum in which the medial and lateral longitudi-
`nal striae lie embedded. The i. griseum is a rudimentary compo-,
`nent of the hippocampus, continuous caudally around the spleni-
`
`um of the corpus callosum with the fasciolar gyrus, a slender
`convolution in turn continuous with the dentate gyrus of the
`hippocampus; rostrally the i. griseum curves around the germ and
`rostrum of the corpus callosum and extends ventralward to the
`olfactory trigone as the tenia tecta or rudimentum hippocampi,
`hidden in the depth of the posterior parolfactory sulcus that marks
`the anterior border of the subcallosal gyrus or precommissural
`septum. SYN supracallosal gyms.
`{fr-ine (in, en).
`1. A suffix used to form the names of Chemical
`substances.
`including halogens (c.g., chlorine), organic bases
`(guanine), amino acids (glycine), botanical principles (cafi'eine),
`pharmaceuticals (meperidine), and others. 2. General adj. suffix
`(e.g., equine, uterine). 3. Dim. suffix (e.g., cholerine). [G. inns”
`L. -inu.r, adj. suffixes]
`
`1. Making drunk; intoxicating. 2.
`in-e-bri-ant iin—é’bré—ant):
`An intoxicant, such as alcohol. [see inebriety]
`
`in~e.bri-a-tion (in—e’bre-fi’shfin).
`alcohol. [see inebriety]
`ime-brhe-ty (in’é—bri’é—té). Habitual indulgence in alcoholic
`beverages in excessive amounts.
`[L.
`in- intensive + ebrietas,
`drunkenness]
`'
`‘
`
`Intoxication, especially by
`
`In. an mi- cap- 5!. fer (in-ér'mi-cap’si-fér). Genus of tapeworm
`(order Cyclophyllidae) first recognized in humans in 1935; an
`arthropod is thought to be involved «in transmission (rodent to
`. human, human to human).
`I. madagascariensis, cestode often seen as human infection in
`Cuba in children 1—3 years old; causes vague intestinal symp-
`toms; suspected arthropod vector; proglottids. eggs, and egg cap—
`sules resemble those of Raillietina spp.
`in-ert (in—ert’). 1. Slow in action; sluggish; inactive. 2. Devoid of
`active chemical properties, as the inert gases. 3. Denoting a drug
`or agent having no pharmacoldgic or therapeutic action. [L. triers,
`unskillful. sluggish, fr. in, neg. + ars, art]
`,
`ln-er-tla (in-er’she—i, in-ér’sha).
`l. The tendency of a physical
`body to oppose any force tending to move it from a position of
`rest or to change its uniform motion. 2. Denoting inactivity or
`lack of force, lack of mental or physical vigor, or sluggishness of
`thought or action. [L. want of skill, laziness]
`magnetic i., SYN hysteresis (2).
`psychic i., a psychiatric term denoting resistance to any change
`in ideas or to progress; fixation of an idea.
`uterlne |.,- prlmary uterlne L, secondary uterine i., true
`uterine i., absence of effective uterine contractions during labor;
`primary uterine i., true uterine i., uterine i'. that occurs when the
`uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous
`dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the
`fetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the acme of
`contraction; secondary uterine i., uterine i. that occurs whén the
`uterine contractions are initially vigorous but then decrease in
`vigor, and the progress of labor ceases.
`in exd‘re-mts (in eks—tré’mis). At the point of death. (L. ex-
`tremus, last]
`
`in-fan-cy (in’fan-sé). Babyhood; the earliest period of extrauter—
`ine life; roughly, the first year of life.
`in-fant (in’fant). A child younger than 1 year old. [L. infans, not
`speaking]
`‘
`i. Hercules, term applied to young children with precocious
`sexual and muscular development due to a virilizing adrenocorti-
`cal disorder.
`
`liveborn i., the product of a~livebirth; an i. who shows evidence
`of life after birth; life is considered to be present after birth if any
`one of the following is observed: 1) the infant breathes; 2) the
`infant shows beating of the heart; 3) pulsation of the umbilical
`cord occurs; or 4) definite movement of voluntary muscles oc-
`curs.
`
`postmature i., a baby born after over 42 weeks of gestation,
`which puts the child at risk because of inadequate placental func-
`tion. The infant usually shows wrinkled skin, and sometimes more
`serious abnormalities.
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`Infant
`
`postterm L, an i. with a gestational age of 42 completed weeks
`or more (294 days or more).
`‘
`preterm L, an i. with gestational age of more than 20 weeks and
`less than 37 Completed weeks (259 completed days).
`stillborn L, an i. who has achieved 20 weeks of gestation and
`shows no evidence of life after birth. Cf. livebom i.
`term L, an i. with gestational age between 37 completed weeks
`(259 completed days) and 42 completed weeks (294 completed
`days).
`in-fan-ti-cide (in-fan’ti-sid). 1. The killing of an infant. 2. One
`who murders an infant. [infant + L. caedo, to kill]
`in-fan-tile (in’fan-til). Negative and pejorative connotations of
`this word may render it ofiensive in some contexts. 1. Relating to,
`or characteristic of, infants or infancy. 2. Denoting childish be-
`havior.
`in-tan -ti.lism (in—fan'ti-lizm). Negative and pejorative conno-
`tations of this word may render it ofi‘ensive in some contexts. 1. A
`state marked by slow development of mind and body. SYN infan—
`tile dwarfism.
`2. Childishness. as characterized by a temper
`tantrum of an adolescent or adult. 3. Underdevelopment of the
`sexual organs.
`Brlssaud i. (bré-so'), SYN infantile hypothyroidism.
`dysthyroidal L, SYN infantile hypothyroidism.
`hepatlc L, delayed development as a result of liver disease.
`hypophysial L, growth hormone deficiency due to failure of
`hypothalamic growth hormone—releasing hormone (also known as
`somatocrinin.)
`‘
`hypothyroid L, SYN infantile hypothyroidism.
`idiopathic L, dwarfism generally associated with hypogonad—
`ism; may be caused by deficient secretion of anterior pituitary
`hormones. SYN Lorain disease, proportionate i., universal i.
`‘
`Lorain-Lévi i. (lo—ran[h1’ la-vé’), SYN pituitary dwcuj’ism.
`myxedematous L, SYN infantile- hypothyroidism.
`pancreatic L, i. associated with deficiency or absence of pancre-
`atic secretion.
`
`pituitary L, SYN pituitary dH'aIfiJ‘NL
`proportionate i., SYN idiopathic i.
`,
`renal L, SYN renal rickets.
`sexual L, failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics
`after the normal time of puberty.
`static L, a condition observed in young children resembling
`spastic spinal paralysis; it is marked by hypotonia of the muscles
`of the trunk and hypertonia of the muscles of the extremities.
`tubal L, a term descriptive of a corkscrewlike uterine tube as
`seen in fetal life.
`universal L, SYN idiopathic i.
`in-farct (in’farkt). An area of necrosis resulting from a sudden
`insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply. SYN infarction
`(2).
`[L. in-fareio, pp. -fartus (-ctus, an incorrect form), to stuff
`into]
`anemic L, an i. in which little or no bleeding into tissue spaces
`occurs when the blood supply is obstructed. SYN pale L. white i.
`(l).
`bland L, an uninfected i.
`bone L, an area of bone tissue that has become necrotic as a
`result of loss of its arterial blood supply.
`Brewer L’s (brfi’ér), dark-red, wedge-shaped areas resembling
`L’s, ’seen on section of a kidney in pyelonephritis.
`embolic. L, an i. caused by an embolus.
`hemorrhagic L, an i. red in color from infiltration of blood from
`collateral vessels into the necrotic area. SYN hemorrhagic gan-
`grene (1), red i.
`‘
`pale L, SYN anemic l.
`pulmonary L, necrotic lung tissue, usually caused by pulmonary
`embolism; sometimes associated with pleuritic chest pain.
`red L, SYN hemorrhagic i.
`'
`’
`Roesler-Dressler i. (res’lér drcs’lér), myocardial infarction in
`dumbbell form involving the anterior and posterior left ventricle
`and the left Side of the ventricular septum.
`
`infarction
`
`septic L, an area of necrosis resulting from vascular obstruction
`by cmboli composed of clumps ofbacteria or infected material,
`thrombotic L, an i. caused by a thrombus.
`uric acid L, obsolete term for precipitates of uric acid distending
`renal collecting tubules in the newborn; because no necrosis is
`present, the term infarct is a misnomer.
`white L, (1) SYN anemic i;
`(2) in the placenta, intervillous fibrin
`with ischemic necrosis of villi.
`Zahn i. (zahn), a pseudoinfarct of the liver, consisting of an area
`of congestion with parenchymal atrophy but no necrosis; due to
`obstruction of a branch of the portal vein.
`in-farcotion (in-fark’shr'rn). 1. An area of tissue necrosis caused
`by impairment of arterial or venous blood supply due to mechani.
`cal factors (e.g., emboli, thrombi) or to blood pressure alterations.
`2. SYN infarct.
`,
`anterior myocardial L, i. involving the anterior wall of the left
`ventricle, and producing indicative electrocardiographic changes
`in the anterior chest leads and often in limb leads, I and aVL.
`anteroinferior myocardial L, i. involving both the anterior and
`the inferior walls of the heart simultaneously.
`anterolateral myocardial L, extensive anterior i. producing
`indicative changes across the precordium, often also on leads I
`and aVL.
`anteroseptal myocardial L, an anterior i. in which indicative
`electrocardiographic changes are confined to the medial chest
`leads (VI-V4).
`apical L, SYN infcrolateral myocardial i.
`cardlac L, SYN myocardial i.
`diaphragmatic myocardial L, SYN inferior myocardial i.
`Frelberg I. (fré’bérg), SYN Freiberg disease.
`inferior myocardial L, i. in which the inferior or diaphragmatic
`wall of the heart is involved, producing indicative changes in
`leads II, III, and aVF in the electrocardiogram. SYN diaphragmatic
`myocardial i.
`interolateral myocardial L, i. involving the inferior and lateral
`surfaces of the heart and producing indicative changes in the
`electrocardiogram in leads II, III, aVF, V5, and V6. SYN apical i.
`lateral myocardial L,
`i. involving only the lateral wall of the
`heart, producing indicative electrocardiographic changes confined
`to leads I, aVL, or V5 and V6.
`
`3 myocardial l. (MI), i. of a segment of heart'iriuscle, usuallyidu’e
`toccclusion of a coronary artery. See page 969; SYN cardiac ii,
`heart attack.
`‘
`4‘
`-
`'-
`1
`'
`.
`Mr is the 'most‘ common cause of death in the'U.S. Each
`' year about‘800,000 people sustain first heart attacks, with
`a mortality'rate of 30%, and 450,000 people sustain
`recurre'nthcart attacks. with a mortality rate of 50%. The
`mo'st common 'Cau'se; of MI is thrombosis of an
`atherosclerotic coronary artery. Infarction of a segment of
`myocardium with a borderline blood supply can also
`occur because of a sudden decrease in-coronary flow (as .
`in shOck and cardiac failure). a sudden increase in oxygen
`demand (as in strenuous exercise), or hypoxcmia. Less
`common causes are coronary artery anomalies. vasculitis.
`'an‘dspasm induced by cocaine, ergot derivatives,-or other '
`agents. Risk factors for Ml include male gender; family
`history of myocardial infarction, robesity, hypertension;
`cigarette smoking, prolonged estrogen replacement
`therapy, and elevation of total- cholesteroL. LDL.
`cholesterol, homocysteine,
`lipoprotein Lp(a), ;or. C-
`reactive protein. At least 80% of M15 occur. in people
`without a prior history of angina pectoris, ,and_2_0% are,
`not recognized as such at the time of their ’oCcurrence
`either because they cause no symptoms (silent infarction)
`or because symptoms are attributed to other causes: Some
`20% of people sustaining MI die before reaching a
`hospital. Classical symptoms of MI are crushing'anterior
`chest pain radiating into the neck, shoulder, ortan'n.
`lasting more than 30 minutes, and not relieved by
`nitroglycerin. Typically pain is accompanied by dyspnea,
`diaphoresis. weakness,'and nausea. Significant physical
`
`'
`
`IKARIA EXHIBIT 2007
`Praxair v. INO Therapeutics
`|PR2015-00524
`
`IKARIA EXHIBIT 2007
`Praxair v. INO Therapeutics
`IPR2015-00524
`
`5
`
`

`

`W
`
`1288
`
`neothalamus
`
`isolated synergic movements of voluntary origin; it represents a
`more highly specialized form of movement than the paleokinetic
`function. [neo— + G. kinEtikos, relating to movement]
`neoclaldlsm (né’o—lal’izm). Abnormal use of neologisms in
`speech. [neo- + G. laleo', to chatter]
`ne-ol-o-gism (né-ol’o-jizm). A new word or phrase of the
`patient’s own making often seen in schizophrenia (e.g., headshoe
`to mean hat), or an existing word used in a new sense; in psychia-
`try, such usages may have meaning only to the patient or‘be
`indicative of the patient’s condition. [neo- + G. logos, word]
`ne-o-morph, new-mor-phism (né’o-morf, ne’o-mor’
`fizm). A new formation; a structure found in higher organisms,
`only slight or no traces of which exist in lower orders. [neo- + G.
`morphé, form]
`ne.o-my-cin sulofate (né’o-mi’sin serial). The sulfate of an
`antibacterial antibiotic substance produced by the growth of
`Streptomyces fradiae, active against a variety of gram-positive
`and gram-negative bacteria.
`ne-on (Ne) (ne’on). An inert gaseous element in the atmos-
`phere, separated from argon by W. Ramsay and M. Travers in
`1898; atomic no. 10, atomic wt. 20.1797. [G. neos, new]
`ne-o-na-tal (né'G—na’tm). Relating to the period immediately
`succeeding birth and continuing through the first 28 days of
`extrauterinc life. SYN newborn.
`[neo- + L. natalir, relating to
`birth]
`ne-o-nate (he’d-nit). An infant aged 1 month or younger. SYN
`newborn.
`[neo- + L. natus, born, fr. nascor, to be born]
`ne-o-na-tol-o-gist (né’o—na-tol’o-jist). One who specializes
`in neonatology.
`The pediatric sub-
`neoo~na-to|-o~gy (né'o-na-tol'o—je).
`specialty concerned with disorders of the neonate. SYN neonatal
`medicine.
`[neo— + L. natus, pp. born, + G. logos, theory]
`ne-o-neu-rot-i-za-tlon (né’é-nfi—rot'i—za’shun). Rarely ob-
`served phenomenon of return of facial motor function after delib—
`erate transeetion of the facial nerve; believed to represent trigemi—
`nal reinnervation of the facial muscles.
`-.
`n9 -0 ‘ pal - ii . um (he'd-pal’é-fim). SYN isocortex.
`ne-o-pho-bi~a (he’s-robes). Morbid aversion to, or dread of,
`novelty or the unknown. [neo— + G. phobos, fear]
`gne-o-pIa-si-a (né'o—pla'zé-a). The pathologic process that re—
`sults in the formation and growth of a neoplasm. See page C25,
`C26, C27. [neo— + G. plasis, a molding]
`cervical intraepithelial n. (CIN), dysplastic changes beginning
`at the squamocolumnar junction in the uterine cervix that may be
`precursors of squamous cell carcinoma: grade 1, mild dysplasia
`involving the lower one third or less of the epithelial thickness;
`grade 2, moderate dysplasia with one third to two thirds involve-
`ment; grade 3, severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, with two
`thirds to full-thickness involvement.
`_
`,
`endometrial intraepithelial n. (EIN), Dysplastic changes of
`endometrial glands, graded as mild, moderate, and severe (EIN l—
`3). BIN 3 encompasses endometrial carcinoma in situ.
`Iobular n., SYN nc>nlnfiltrating lobular carcinoma.
`multiple endocrine n. (MEN), a group of disorders character—
`ized by functioning tumors in more than one endocrine gland. SYN
`familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis, multiple endocrine ade—
`nematosis.
`
`l (MEN1) [MIM*131100], syndrome
`multiple endocrine n.
`characterized by tumors of the pituitary gland, pancreatic islet
`cells, and parathyroid glands and may be associated with
`Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; autosomal dominant
`inheritance,
`caused by mutation in the MENJ gene on chromosome llq.
`multiple endocrine n.
`ll (MEN2) [MIM*171400], syndrome
`associated with pheochromocytoma, parathyroid adenoma and
`medullary thyroid carcinoma; autosomal dominant inheritance,
`caused by mutation in the RET oncogene on chromosome 10q.
`multiple endocrine n. “B (MENZB), SYN multiple endocrine
`n. Ill.
`
`multiple endocrine n. Ill (MEN3) [MIM*162300], syndrome
`cllaracterized by tumors found in MEN2, tall, thin habitus, promi-
`
`
`
`nent lips, and neuromas of the tongue and eyelids; autosomal
`dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the RET oncogene
`on 10q. SYN multiple endocrine n. IIB.
`multiple endocrine n. type I, SYN multiple endocrine neopla-
`sia syndrome type l.
`multiple endocrine n. type “A (MENZA), syn multiple endo.
`crinc ueoplasia syndrome type 2A.
`_
`prostatic intraepithelial n. (PIN), dysplastic changes involv.
`ing glands and ducts of the prostate that may be a precursor of
`adenocarcinoma;
`low grade (PIN 1), mild dysplasia with ,cell
`crowding, variation in nuclear size and Shape, and irregular cell
`spacing; high grade (PIN 2 and 3), moderate to severe dysplasia
`with cell crowding, nucleomegaly and nucleolomegaly, and irreg.
`ular cell spacing.
`vaginal lntraepithelial n., preinvasive squamous cell carcind-
`ma (carcinoma in situ) limited to vaginal epithelium: like vulva]-
`or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, gradedhistologically on a
`scale from i to 3 or subdivided into low-grade and high-grade
`intraepithelial malignancy; usually related to human papillomavh
`rus infection; may progress to invasive carcinoma.
`vulvar intraeplthelial n., preinvasive squamous cell carcinoma
`(carcinoma in situ) limited to vulvar epithelium; like vaginal or
`cervical intraepithelial neOplasia, graded histologically on a scale ,
`from 1 to 3 or subdivided into low-grade and high-grade intraepi—
`thelial malignancy; usually related to human papilloma virus in-
`fection; may progress to invasive carcinoma.
`fine-o-plasm (né’é-plazm). An abnormal tissue that grows by
`cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal and continues to
`grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease. N.'s
`show partial or complete lack of structural organization and func—
`tional coordination with the normal, tissue, and usually form a
`distinct mass of tissue that may be either benign (benign tumor) or
`malignant (cancer). See page 1289. SYN new growth, tumor (2).
`[neo— + G. plasma, thing formed]
`,
`histoid n., older term for a n. characterized by a cytohistologic
`pattern that closely resembles the tissue from which the neoplastic
`cells are derived.
`
`ne-o-plasdic (né’fi-plas’tik). Pertaining to or characterized by
`neoplasia, or containing a neoplasm.
`ne-op-ter-in (né-op’tér—in). A pteridine present in body fluids;
`elevated levels result from immune system activation, malignant
`disease, allograft rejection, and viral infections (especially as in
`AIDS). [neo— + G. pteron, wing, + -in]
`ne‘-o-ret-in-al b (né’o-ret’in-al). SYN ll-cir-rctinal.
`neoo-ret-i-nene B (né’é—ret’i-nén). SYN l Let's-retinol.
`Neorickettsia (ne’o-ri-ket'Sé-a). A genus of the proteohacter
`group, order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae. Medically
`significant species within the genus include the agent that pro-
`duces Potomac horse fever. N. helminzhoeca is the type species.
`Some members of genus formerly classified as Ehrlichia.
`neosphincter (né-(‘l-sfink'tér). A surgically constructed, func-
`tioning sphincter, using transported muscle, as in graciloplasty,
`etc.
`
`Ne- o-spor-a ca- ni- um (né’é-Spél’i ka’né-um). A protozoan
`parasite of d