ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`002
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`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`003
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`
`Publisher • Mitchell Waite
`Associate Publisher • Charles Drucker
`
`Acquisitions Manager • jill Pisani
`Acquisitions Editor • joanne Miller
`
`Editorial Director • john Crudo
`Project Editor • Laura E. Brown
`Content Editor • Scott Rhoades
`Technical Reviewer • Keith Allison
`Copy Editor • jan jue
`
`Production Director • julianne Ososke
`Production Manager • Cecile Kaufman
`Production Editor • Mark Nigara
`Senior Designer • Sestina Quarequio
`Designer • Karen johnston
`Cover Illustration • Rafael lopez
`Production • Carol Bowers, jeanne Clark, Cheryl Dietsch, Mike Henry, louisa Klucznik, Andrew Stone
`
`© 1996 by The Waite Group, Inc.®
`Published by Waite Group PressTM, 200 Tarnal Plaza, Corte Madera, CA 94925.
`
`:t:.
`
`Waite Group PressTM is a division of Sarns Publishing.
`All rights reserved. No part of this manual shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any
`means, ~leH~<?nic, mechanical, photocopying, desktop publishing, recording, or otherwise, without permission
`·frqm the pt!ffi\l.fit!tbt~l1fl.tent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.
`" ~ ..
`h:J t ~j;: .f,.. While e'(ery precautio~ hM' been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no
`•· · ·• ·~ , .~tesponsibility for .errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the
`info'rmat4on tpntained herein.
`•
`'1•
`I
`All terms mentioned in tlui boo~ that are known to be registered trademarks, trademarks, or service marks are
`listed below. In addition, terms suspected of being trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks have been
`appropriately capitalized. Waite Group Press cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in
`this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any registered trademark, trademark, or service mark.
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`The Waite Group is a registered trademark of The Waite Group, Inc.
`Waite Group Press and The Waite Group logo are trademarks of The Waite Group, Inc.
`WebSite is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Webforms and Web Mania are trademarks of Q&D Software
`Development. Visual Basic, Access. and Windows 95 are registered trademarks and Windows is a trademark of
`Microsoft Corporation. All other product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of their
`respective owners.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`96 97 98 99 • 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
`
`library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Khurana, Gunnit S., 1969-
`Web database construction kit I Gunnit S. Khurana, Balbir S. Khurana.
`p. em.
`Includes index.
`ISBN l-57169-032-8
`1. Database design. 2. Microsoft Access. 3. Microsoft Visual Basic.
`4. World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
`I. Khurana, Balbir S.
`Il. Title.
`QA76.9.D26K48 1996
`005. 75'8--dc20
`
`96-31733
`C!P
`
`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`004
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`

`
`DEDICATION
`
`To Amit and Amrita, for their love and support.
`
`- Gunnit S. Khurana and Balbir S. Khurana
`
`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`

`
`Message from the
`Publisher
`
`WELCOME TO OUR NERVOUS SYSTEM
`Some people say that the World Wide Web is a graphical
`extension of the information superhighway, just a network
`of humans and machines sending each other long lists of the
`equivalent of digital junk mail.
`1 think it is much more than that. To me, the Web is nothing less than the nervous
`systf'm of the entire planet-not just a collection of computer brains connecLeu togeth(cid:173)
`er, but more like a billion silicon neurons entangled and recirculating electro-chemical
`signals of information and data, each contributing to the birth of another CPU and
`another Web site.
`Think of each person's hard disk connected at once to every other hard disk on earth,
`driven by human navigators searching like Columbus for the New World. Seen this way
`the Web is more of a super entity, a growing, living thing, controlled by the universal
`human \vill to expand, to be more. Yet, unlike a purposeful business plan with rigid
`rules, the Web expands in a nonlinear, unpredictable, creative way that echoes natural
`evolution.
`We created our Web site not just to extend the reach of our computer book products but
`to be part of this synaptic neural network, to experience, like a nerve in the body, the flow
`of idea~ and then to pass those ideas up the food chain of the mind. Your mind. Even more,
`we wanted to pump some of our own creative juices into this rich wine of technology.
`
`TASTE OUR DIGITAL WINE
`And so we ask you to taste our wine by visiting the body of our business. Begin by
`understanding the metaphor we have created for our Web site-a universal learning
`center, situated in outer space in the form of a space station. A place where you can jour(cid:173)
`ney to study any topic from the convenience of your own screen. Right now we are
`focusing on computer topics, but the stars are the limit on the Web.
`If you are interested in discussing this Web site or finding out more about the Waite
`Group, please send me e-mail with your comments, and l \vill be happy to respond. Being
`a programmer myself, I love to talk about technology
`and find out what our readers are looking for.
`
`Sincerely,
`
`~1J:li;Y
`
`Mitchell Waite, C.E.O. and Publisher
`
`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`
`Come Visit
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`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`007
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`

`
`About the Authors
`
`unnit S. Khurana has an M.S. in Computer Science from
`the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. He has been
`involved with publishing databases on the Web since
`the standardization of Common Gateway Interface (CGI).
`'
`He initially worked with World Wide Web servers and CGI
`programs in the UNIX environment but quickly realized
`that it was not the easiest way to develop database-oriented
`Web sites. Being an expert Microsoft Access programmer,
`he sees great benefits in Windows- and Windows NT(cid:173)
`based World Wide Web servers that support Windows
`CGI, and has employed that combination to rapidly develop
`various database publishing applications for the Web.
`
`Balbir S. Khurana is a professor in the School of
`
`Computer and System Sciences at Jawaharlal Nehru
`University, New Delhi. He received his B.S. from the
`University of Roorkee, his M.S. from the University of
`Rajasthan, and his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo.
`During his twenty years of teaching, and ten years of indus(cid:173)
`trial experience, he has developed many teaching aids and
`construction kits to augment his lectures, mastered the
`intricacies of the most difficult technical concepts, and
`developed them in a clear and simple manner. He enjoys
`exploring the Web and imagining new and creative ways of
`utilizing this powerful technology.
`
`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`
`TABlE OF CONTENTS
`
`INTRODUCTION ......................................... . . . . . ... I
`I
`2 GETTING STARTED ....... . ................... . ...... . ............ 9
`3 DISSECTING A JOB LISTING SYSTEM . . . . ................. . .......... 51
`4 BUILDING A DATABASE WITH MICROSOFT ACCESS .................. 87
`5 BUILDING MICROSOFT ACCESS QUERIES .......................... I 17
`6 DESIGNING ADVANCED QUERIES ..................... . .... . ... . . 151
`7 ELEMENTS OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB .... . ..................... . . 191
`8 CREATING HTML FORMS ... . . . .. . ... . ..... . .... . ................ 225
`9 WINDOWS COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE ...................... 261
`I 0 WINDOWS CGI OUTPUT STANDARD ............................. 289
`I I DESIGNING A WINDOWS CGI APPLICATION ..................... . . 303
`12 DESIGNING A WINDOWS CGI APPLICATION
`TO PROCESS FORM DATA .... . ........ . ... . . . .. . ...... . ........ . . 329
`13 UTILITIZING AN ACCESS DATABASE IN A CGI APPLICATION ......... 367
`14 PROCESSING TEMPLATE FILES WITH A CGI APPLICATION ........... .403
`15 DISPLAYING DATABASE RECORDS THROUGH TEMPLATE FILES ....... .433
`16 CREATING AN ON-LINE BOOKSTORE ... . ..... . . . . . .... . ... . .. . . . .465
`17 ENHANCING THE ON-LINE BOOKSTORE ........ . ................ .495
`18 SETTING UP AN ON-LINE ORDERING SYSTEM .... . ................. 537
`A ORGANIZATION OF FILES ON THE CD ............................ 581
`B SOURCE CODE OF THE UTILS.BAS LIBRARY ........................ 585
`C
`INTERNET EXPLORER 3.0: A FIELD GUIDE . ................ . ........ 625
`
`INDEX ........................ . ... . ......................... . . 639
`
`VII
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`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`
`CONTENTS
`
`INTRODUCTION .... . ........ . . . .. .. ..... . .. . .... .. . . . .. ... I
`WHAT THIS BOOK IS ABOUT ....................................... . .......... .4
`WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR ............... . . . . . ...................... . .......... .5
`WHAT YOU GAIN FROM THIS BOOK ............................... . .......... .5
`HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED ................................... . ........... 6
`A FINAL NOTE ................................................................ 8
`2 GETTING STARTED ......... . ..... ... ... . ...... .. .. . .... . .. . 9
`FEATURES OF THE WEBSITE WWW SERVER ..................................... 12
`Easy To Configure ....................................................... I 3
`Running External Programs ................................................. I 3
`Mapping Support ......................................................... 13
`Multiple Web Identity Support .............................................. 14
`Access and Error Logs .................................................... 14
`Built-In lmagemap Processing ..... . ......................................... IS
`Automatic Directory Indexes ............................................... I 6
`Site Security ............................................................. 17
`Server-Side Includes .......................... . ........ . ... . . . ............ 18
`LESSON I: INSTALLING THE EVALUATION VERSION OF WEBSITE ................. 19
`STEP I : Complete the Prerequisites ......................................... 19
`STEP 2: Setting Up WebSite ...... . ... . ............... .. .......... . ...... . . 20
`STEP 3: Testing the WebSite Server ......................................... 23
`STEP 4: Demonstrating the Server Features ................................... 25
`LESSON 2: ADMINISTERING WEBSITE .......... . . . ............................. . 26
`General Section Parameters ................................................ 26
`Mapping Section Parameters ............................................... 28
`Document Mapping ..... . ..... . ...... ..... . . ............... . ......... . ... 29
`Redirect Mapping ....................................................... .3 1
`CGI Mapping ............................................................ 32
`Content Type Mapping ............. . ... . .............. . ........... ... .... . 33
`Logging Section Parameters ................................................ 36
`LESSON 3: INSTALLING THE SAMPLE APPLICATIONS ............................ .37
`The GuestBook Application ....... . ... .... ................................ .38
`The On-Line Questionnaire ............................................... .39
`LESSON 4: SIGNING THE GUEST BOOK ............. . .......................... .40
`LESSON 5: VIEWING THE GUEST BOOK ............. . . . ........................ .42
`LESSON 6: DISPLAYING RECENT ENTRIES OF THE GUEST BOOK ................... 43
`LESSON 7: DEMONSTRATING THE ON-LINE QUESTIONNAIRE APPLICATION ...... .45
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ......................................................... .49
`EXERCISES ...................... . ........................................... .50
`
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`CONTENTS
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`. ....................... . . 51
`3 DISSECTING A JOB LISTING SYSTEM
`LESSON I: ADDING A N EW COMPANY IN THE JOB LISTING SYSTEM ........... . . .54
`LESSON 2: ADDING JOBS IN THE JOB LISTING SYSTEM ...... , ...... .. ............ 57
`Listing the First Job .. . ............ ... . .. ... .. ........... . ................ . 58
`Listing the Second Job
`. ............... . ... . . ...... . ......... . .... . ........ 60
`Points to Note on Adding Jobs ............. .. .. . ........................... 61
`LESSON 3: FINDING JOBS USING KEYWORD SEARCH ................... .. ....... 62
`LESSON 4: FINDING JOBS USING DRILL-DOWN SEARCH ... . . . .......... . .... . ... 69
`LESSON 5: PERFORMING SQL-BASED SEARCHES ........... . . . .... . ..... ... .. .. . . 70
`DYNAMICS OF THE JOB LISTING SYSTEM ................. ... . . ....... . ... .. .. .. 72
`LESSON 6: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE WEB BROWSER .. . .............. 72
`Passing User Requests ............... . . . .... . .......... . . .. . ............... 72
`Passing User Data ................... . ........... . ...... . ............. . .. .73
`Showing Server Response ................................. . . .. . ...... . .... 75
`LESSON 7: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE WEB SERVER .... . ... . ........... 75
`Primary Function of A Web Server ......... . ................ . .. . . . . ......... 75
`Running Extemal Programs ....................... . ...... . .. . .... .. ... . ..... 77
`LESSON 8: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE CGI PROGRAM ........ .. ........ 78
`Performing Multiple Functions ....... ........ ..................... . ......... 78
`Processing Template Files . . .................................... , . , . , , , . , , , .79
`LESSON 9: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE ACCESS DATABASE .... ... .. .. ... 82
`Directly Viewing the Information in Microsoft Access ........ .. ................. 82
`Managing Information Through Microsoft Access ............ . ........... . ... . . . 83
`Searching for Information ..... .. . .. ... . ................. . ............ . ..... 84
`REVIEW QUESTIONS .. . ............. .. .......................... . ..... . ....... 84
`EXERCISES ............................ . ...................... . ............... 85
`4 BUILDING A DATABASE WITH MICROSOFT ACCESS .. ..... ..... . 87
`LESSON I: CREATING A NEW DATABASE .......... . ............... . ............ 90
`LESSON 2: CREATING A DATABASE TABLE .. . ...... . ........... . .... . ..... . ..... 92
`Data Types Supported by Access ....... . . . .... . . . ............... . . . . . ...... 93
`Field Properties Supported by Access ............. . ..... . .............. . ..... 94
`Concept of a Primary Key . .......................................... .. . . . . 96
`Defining the Jobs Table ... . .......................... . ............. . ... . .. 96
`Things to Consider When Designing a Table .................................. 99
`LESSON 3: POPULATING A DATABASE TABLE ....... .. . ... .......... . .......... I 0 I
`LESSON 4: MANIPULATING EXISTING RECORDS .. .. . .. . . ............. .. .. . ..... I 04
`Editing Records ... . . . . . ................... . .. . . . . .. ............ .. ....... I 05
`Deleting a Record .. . .................. . ........................ . . . ...... I 05
`Things to Consider During Data Editing . . . . . . ......... . ............ . ........ I 05
`Editing Characteristic of an AutoNumber Type Field ...... .. . .................. I 06
`LESSON 5: NORMALIZING TABLES .................. . .... . . ................. . . I 06
`LESSON 6: ESTABLISHING TABLE RELATIONSHIP AND REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY . . .. 110
`Cascade Update Option .. . ..... . .......................... . ......... . .... I I 3
`Cascade Delete Option ... ... ............ . .............. . ... . ............ I I 3
`Testing Referential Integrity Rules
`. ....... . . . .................. . ..... . ... .. . I 14
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ............. . ... . ...... . ... . .. . .......... . . ............ I 15
`EXERCISES ....... . ..... . ...... . . .. . . . . . ..... . . . .... . ............ . ........... I 15
`
`IX
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`ServiceNow's Exhibit No. 1017
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`WEB DATABASE CONSTRUCTION KIT
`
`5 BUILDING MICROSOFT ACCESS QUERIES . ....... .......... ... I 17
`LESSON I: CREATING A SINGLE TABLE QUERY ................................. 20
`Examining the Query Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
`Saving the Query Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
`Examining the Query Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
`LESSON 2: SORTING RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
`LESSON 3: EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA ................................. 29
`Filtering a Date Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
`Using Criteria Against a Calculated Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I
`Filtering Records on Discrete Values with the IN Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
`LESSON 4: USING EXPRESSIONS IN CRITERIA ........... . ....... . .... ... ........ 34
`LESSON 5: MATCHING PATTERNS WITH W ILDCARDS AND THE LIKE OPERATOR . . 35
`LESSON 6: SPECIFYING CRITERIA ON MULTIPLE FIELDS ................... . ...... 36
`LESSON 7: CREATING A TWO-TABLE QUERY ..................... ... .......... 38
`LESSON 8: WORKING WITH INNER AND OUTER JOINS ............. . ........... 40
`Understanding How the Inner Join Works ................................... 41
`Creating an 9uter Join ...... . . . ........ .. ........................... .' .... 42
`Creating a Subtract Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3
`THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A QUERY .......... . ................ 44
`Viewing the SQL Statement Behind Your Query ............. . ... . ...... .. .... 45
`Criteria and Field Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
`Cartesian Product ofT wo T abies
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
`TABLE-QUERY RELATIONSHIP ................................... . . . .......... 47
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ........ . ... . ................................... . ....... 48
`EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
`6 DESIGNING ADVANCED QUERIES ..... . .. .. .... ............ . 151
`LESSON I: CREATING A TOTAL QUERY ........ . ............ . ... ... ...... . .... 155
`The Group By Function .................... . ... . .......... . . ... ........... 157
`Aggregate Functions ...... ......... . ....... . . .............. ...... ... .. .. . 159
`LESSON 2: USING MULTIPLE AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS .......................... 60
`Step I: Deciding the Grouping Field(s) ...................... . . . . . .... . ...... 60
`Step 2: Performing the Job Count by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
`Step 3: Finding the Jobs from Recruiting Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
`Step 4: Finding Average and Maximum Salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
`Step 5: Testing Your Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
`LESSON 3: APPLYING CRITERIA IN TOTAL QUERIES ........ . .......... .... ...... 63
`Specifying a PostCriterion in a Total Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
`LESSON 4: TOTAL QUERIES AND TABLE JOINS ... . . ... ......................... 67
`LESSON 5: USING A CROSSTAB QUERY . . . . ........ ............................ 69
`LESSON 6: PARAMETER QUERIES ............................. . . . .............. 71
`Step I: Create a Regular Criteria Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
`Step 2: Replace the Criterion Value with a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
`Syntax of Query Parameters
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 4
`Specifying Multiple Parameters ............................................. 174
`Specifying Multiple Occurrences of the Same Parameter ........................ 175
`Specifying Parameters in Calculated Fields .................................... 176
`Specifying the Data Type of a Query Parameter ....... . ....................... 177
`Other Considerations About Parameters .................................... 179
`
`X
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`

`
`CONTENTS
`
`LESSON 7: NESTED QUERIES ................................. ... .. .... ........ 180
`Simplify Query Design Through Query Reuse ................................ 180
`Propagate Changes ....................... .... ........................... 183
`Perfonn Advance Data Analysis ................................. . ... . ...... 184
`OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE OF QUERIES ....................... .... ........... 188
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ........................................................ 189
`EXERCISES ........................... . ................................ . ... .. 190
`7 ELEMENTS OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB . .. ... . ... ..... .. .... . 191
`CLIENT-SERVER INTERACTION THROUGH HTIP ................ . .............. 194
`UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR .................... . ...... . ..... .... ......... 196
`HTIP REQUEST ...................... .. .............. .. .... .. ............... 196
`HTTP Request Method .. . ..................... . .......... . . . . ... . . . . . ... 196
`HTTP Request Header ......................... : ......... .... . . . . ........ 198
`HTTP Request Data .................................. ..... . . . ....... .... ~ 98
`HTTP Response ... .. . ................ . ................................. i 98
`HTTP Status Code ..................................... .. . . .. ... . ... .. .. 199
`HTTP Response Header .. . ................................. .. .. .. . ...... . 20 I
`AN OVERVIEW OF HTML .................................................... 202
`LESSON I: DEFINING THE DOCUMENT STRUCTURE IN HTML .................... 204
`The <HTML> ... </HTML> Tag Pair ........................................ 204
`The <HEAD> ... </HEAD? Tag Pair ........................................ 204
`The <BODY> ... </BODY> Tag Pair ................... ..... .. . ............ 205
`LESSON 2: FORMA TIING TEXT USING HTML ................................... 207
`Block-Level Fonnatting ... ............................................... . 207
`Character-Level Fonnatting ............................................... 208
`LESSON 3: CREATING LISTS IN HTML ......... ...................... ........... 2 I
`Ordered List ......... . ... ............. ... .................... .......... 2 2
`Unordered List ................ . ..... . . ... ........ ........... ..... .... . .2 2
`Definition List .............................. .. ........... .... . ..... .... . 2 2
`Experimenting with HTML Lists ................................... . . ....... 2 2
`LESSON 4: CREATING COMMENTS AND MET A CHARACTERS ............ .. . ..... 2 3
`LESSON 5: CREATING TABLES . .. ......... .. ................ .......... ........ 2 5
`The <TABLE> ... <IT ABLE> Tag Pair ................... . ........... . ....... 2 5
`The <TR> ... </TR> Tag Pair .. . . ... .. . .............. . .. ............. ...... 2 6
`The <TD> ... <lTD> Tag Pair ............................ .. . ... ........... 2 6
`The <TH> ... </TH> Tag Pair ............................. .. . .. . ... ....... 2 7
`The <CAPTION> ... </CAPTION> Tag Pair ................................. 2 7
`Experimenting with T abies ...................................... . ......... 2 7
`LESSON 6: ADDING INLINE IMAGES ............................. ... . ... ....... 2 9
`Experimenting with lnline Images ........... . ................. ...... ........ 220
`Things to Consider When Adding lnline Images to Your Document .............. 221
`LESSON 7: CREATING HYPERTEXT AND HYPERGRAPHICS ...................... .222
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ................. . . ... ... . . . ... . . .. . ..... . ...... ....... .223
`EXERCISES ............................... . ....................... ... .... .. .. 224
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`W EB DA TABASE CO N STR UC T ION KI T
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`8 CREATING HTML FORMS .. . . ... . .... .. ..... . . . .. ..... . .... . 225
`LESSON I: CREATING A SIMPLE HTML FORM ...... . .... ....... ................. 228
`LESSON 2: EXAMINING THE <FORM> TAG ....... . .... . ....... .. . .... .. ....... 23 1
`The ACTION Attribute .... . . . . . . .. ..... . ............. . . . .. . . ... . ........ 23 1
`Redirecting the Form Data ............................... . ................ 23 1
`The METHOD and the ENCTYPE Attributes ................................. 232
`LESSON 3: EXAMINING THE <INPUT> TAG .................. . ................. 235
`The TYPE Attribute ..................................................... 236
`The NAME Attribute ............................................. . . .... . 236
`The VALUE Attribute ................................................ . . .. 237
`The SIZE and the MAXLENGTH Attributes .................. . . . ......... . . .. 237
`The CHECKED Attribute .............. . . . . ............................... 237
`The SRC Attribute ...................................................... 237
`Example: Creating a Text Box and a Password Field ........................... 238
`LESSON 4: CREATING RADIO CONTROLS ....... . ............................. 240
`LESSON 5: CREATING CHECK BOXES .......................................... 243
`LESSON 6: CREATING MULTIPLE SUBMIT BUTIONS ............................. 246
`LESSON 7: CREATING SELECTION LISTS ..................... . .... . ............ 248
`The <SELECT> ... </SELECT> Tags ........................ . . . . .... . ....... 249
`The <OPTION> Tag ................................... .. ............... 249
`Example I: Creating a Drop-Down List . .. .... . . . . . . ....... ... . . . ... . ....... 249
`Example 2: Creating a Multiple-Selection List ... ................ . . . ... . ....... 251
`LESSON 8: USING HIDDEN FIELDS ............................................. 254
`Defining Script Functionality ............................................... 254
`Specifying Script Parameters ............................................... 256
`Embedding State Information ... . . ............... . ......................... 256
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ........................................................ 257
`EXERCISES ........................................... .. . . . .......... . ....... 257
`9 WINDOWS COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE ..... .. . . .. . . .. . . 261
`LESSON I: TRACING WINDOWS CGI COMMUNICATION .......... . ............ 264
`Identifying the Temporary CGI Files ........................................ 265
`The CGI Profile File ... .. .... .. . .... ........... ............. ....... ...... 267
`The CGI Output File .................................................... 268
`Limitations of the Windows CGI Communication Model ....................... 268
`LESSON 2: LISTING THE CGI VARIABLES ............................... ......... 269
`CGI Version .................. . ... . ........................... . ......... 269
`Request Protocol ............... . ...................................... . 270
`Request Method .... ... .. ... . . . ... . . . .. . . . .... . ........... . .. . . ...... . .. 270
`Keep-Alive .................................................... . .... .. .. 270
`Executable Path ......................................................... 271
`Logical Path ........................................................ . ... 271
`Physical Path .... .... ...... .............................. ......... ... ... 271
`Query String .................................................... . .... . . 271
`Content Type .......................................................... 271
`Content Length . . ................................... . ................... 271
`Server Software ....... . ....................... . ..... . ................... 272
`Server Name ....................................... . ... . ............... 272
`Server Port ........................................ .... .............. .. 272
`Server Admin ...................................... . ................... 272
`Remote Host . ... ....................................... ................ 272
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`CONTENTS
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`Remote Address ........................................................ 272
`From .................... .. . . .. .. ..................................... 272
`Referer .................... ....... ............................... . ..... 273
`User Agent . . .............. .. . ....... . ....................... .. ........ 273
`Authentication Method, Authenticated Usemame, Authentication Realm
`. . ........ 273
`LESSON 3: INTERPRETING THE PATH INFORMATION .................. . ........ 273
`Application of the Executable Path CGI Variable ... . .......................... 273
`Application ofthe Logical and Physical Path CGI Variables ........... ........... 276
`LESSON 4: PASSING USER DATA .............................................. 276
`LESSON 5: PASSING DECODED DATA ............................ ...... ....... 28 I
`LESSON 6: EXAMINING OTHER WINDOWS CGI INFORMATION .................. 284
`The [System] Section .... . . .. . . ........ ........... . ..... . ........ ........ 284
`The [Accept] Section ... ... . . ........... ... ................ . ..... . ....... 285
`The [Extra Headers] Section . .. ....... . ................... .. ... ........... 286
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ............. . .......................................... 286
`EXERCISES .................................................................. 287
`10 WINDOWS CGI OUTPUT STANDARD . .. ................... . . 289
`LESSON I: UNDERSTANDING THE CGI OUTPUT FORMAT ....................... 292
`LESSON 2: RETURNING DATA THROUGH CGI OUTPUT ......................... 293
`LESSON 3: REDIRECTING TO ANOTHER URL . .... . ... . . ................. .. ..... 297
`Redirection Example .... : ..... . ...... . .. .. . . ... . .............. ... . . . ..... 298
`Advantages of Using Redirection as a CGI Response ................ . .......... 299
`LESSON 4: RETURNING A DIFFERENT STATUS CODE ............................ 299
`Retuming an Error Status ................................................. 299
`Retuming a No C antent Message ......................................... .30 I
`REVIEW QUESTIONS ....................................................... .302
`EXERCISES ...... . ......................................................... . .302
`II DESIGNING A WINDOWS CGI APPLICATION ... .. .... ....... . 303
`LESSON 1: SffiiNG UP A VISUAL BASIC PROJECT .. . ........................... .307
`LESSON 2: WRITING CODE FOR YOUR CGI PROGRAM ........ . ....... . ........ .309
`LESSON 3: COMPILING AND TESTING YOUR CGI PROGRAM ......... ... ....... .3 12
`LESSON 4: CUSTOMIZING THE PROJECT ................. ... .................. .3 14
`Renaming the NEWAPP.BAS Module ............................. . ........ .3 14
`The Program's Entry Point Setting ......................................... .3 16
`LESSON