MS 1124
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`MS 1124MS 1124
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`MS 1124 - Page 1MS 1124 - Page 1
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`presents a monumental departure from ordinary Internet books. These authors
`decided to learn about the Internet to write a hook; for them, it’s a way of life! Here s
`erial presented by these Internet movers—aud—shakers.
`ection Requirements-Kevin Barron examines just what is involved in making a
`
`ccess at All Costs——David Gulbransen and Steve Volan cover methods for those who just can’t
`eaway from the Net. Sometimes access is easy, but what do you do when it isn’t?
`3: Tricks ofthe Trade: Tools-Earl Fogel presents an overview ofthe tools no Internet guru should
`
`hapter 4: VVhere’s the Complaint Department?-Kevin Mullet discusses what Internet gurus do when
`they have a problem. Vfhat do you do when good tools go bad?
`Chapter 5: E~MaiI-——Even ifyou dorft have a full Internet connection, an e—mail gateway can provide at least
`a partial fix. Philip Baczewski presents his perspective.
`Chapter 6: Faxing from the Internet——~Kevin Savetz presents some ofthe more fascinating ways to convert
`all—electronic cornrnuniques to the world of the fax.
`
`Chapter 7: FTP~—-Philip Baczevvski demonstrates what FTP gurus can accomplish.
`Chapter 8: Telnet—Peter Scott reviews what it takes to become and remain a telnet guru.
`Chapter 9: Usenet~—]ames “Kibo” Parry offers survival advice for all Usenet gurus and unkies.
`Chapter 10:WWW~Billy Barron helps you ensure guru status with coverage ofone ofthe hottest and fastest~
`growing Internet tools: the World Wide Web.
`Chapter 1 1: Online Entertainmentmjoseph Poirer and Tod Foley step beyond using muds and MOOS and
`into the world of programming your own.
`
`Chapter 12: Listservs and Mailing Lists-Philip Baczewski demonstrates a guru’s perspective ofsorne ofthe
`longest—enduring tools on the Internet.
`
`Chapter 13: MBone: The Internet Multimedia B-ackbone-Kevin Mullet provides understanding of this
`growing, audio—visual branch of the Internet medium.
`
`Chapter 14: Community Cornputing~—Kevin Mullet covers the marriage of local society and the Internet.
`Chapter 15: Life with Archie—-Kevin Savetz discusses the quickest and most efficient ways to locate files at
`anonymous FTP sites.
`
`Chapter 16: Veronica——Billy Barron covers everything needed to exploit this complex search tool.
`
`Chapter 17: Discussion Forums—-I’hilip Baczewski presents the best of this communications tool.
`Chapter 18: Gopher~Billy Barron ensures that you are never at the mercy of a Gopher.
`
`Chapter 19: Internet in the Classroom-«Dave Kinnarnan explores the best ways to make educational use
`of the Internet.
`
`Chapter 20: Business and Commerce——~}ohn Katsaros demonstrates how to conduct business on the
`Internet.
`
`Chapter 21: Research on the Internet»~Louis Rosenfeld and Joseph lanes show just how all of that
`information can be channeled into useful research.
`
`Chapter 22: Art on the Internet—Kenneth Greenberg presents the Internet from a unique perspective: that
`of the artist.
`
`Last but not least, Max Metral adds material on URLs, . s ig files, and standards that no guru should he without:
`
`Appendix A: Uniform Resource Locators
`Appendix B: Signature Files
`
`Appendix C: Standards and Where to Find Them
`
`MS 1124 - Page 2
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`Tr
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`...m
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`LHtfM
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`on
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`201 West Iflfirci Streer, Irtdianapalis, IN 46290
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`MS 1124 - Page 3
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`‘C
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`La.
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`”
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`Copyright © 1994 by Sams Publishing
`FIRST EDITION
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
`system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
`or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is
`assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every
`precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author
`assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for
`damages resulting from the use ofthe information contained herein. For information,
`address Sams Publishing, 201 W. 103rd St., Indianapolis, IN 46290.
`
`International Standard Book Number: 0-672-30599-2
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 94-67090
`
`97
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`96
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`95
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`94
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`4
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`3
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`2
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`1
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`Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double—digit number is the year of
`the book’s printing; the rightmost single~digit, the number ofthe book’s printing. For
`example, a printing code of 94-1 shows that the first printing of the book occurred in
`I 994.
`
`Composed in Helvetica and MCPdzgiml by Macmillan Computer Publishing
`
`Printed in the United States of/lmericzz
`
`Trademarks
`
`All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks
`have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of
`this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the
`validity of any trademark or service mark.
`
`
`
`""rim....‘GW...«,W,-,.4'\'\‘.«»1&’\Vr\‘a\%_n
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`
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`7r\:1\'Wfl"ywwatrcmxmwmwwmiowairamuimzmdim
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`MS 1124 - Page 4
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`

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`Page Layout
`Elaine Brush
`
`Mary Ann Cosby
`Rich Evers
`
`Ayanna Lacey
`Kim Scott
`
`Proofreading
`Don Brown
`Mona Brown
`
`Cheryl Cameron
`Kimberly K. Hannel
`Donna Harbin
`
`Beth Rago
`Suzanne Tully
`Karen Walsh
`
`Holly Wittenberg
`
`Indexer
`
`Greg Eldred
`
`Publisher
`Richard K. Swadley
`
`Marketing Manager
`Gregg Bushyeager
`
`Acquisitions Manager
`Stacy Hiquet
`
`Cover Designer
`Nathan Clement
`
`Managing Editor
`Cindy Morrow
`
`Book Designer
`Alyssa Yesh
`
`Director of Production and
`
`Manufacturing
`Jeff Valler
`
`Imprint Manager
`]uli Cook
`
`Manufacturing Coordinator
`Paul Gilchrist
`
`Production Analysts
`Angela D. Bannan
`Dennis Clay Hagar
`Mary Beth Wakefield
`
`Graphics Image Specialists
`Brad Dixon
`
`Jason Hand
`Clint Lahnen
`Dennis Sheehan
`
`Greg Simsic
`Craig Small
`]effYesh
`
`Acquisitions Editor
`Grace Buechlein
`
`Development Editor
`Phillip W. Paxton
`
`Production Editor
`David Bradford
`
`Editors
`Anne Owen
`Marla Abraham
`Adam Banta
`Fran Hatton
`Sean Medloek
`
`Editorial Coordinator
`Bill \Whitrner
`
`Editorial Assistants
`Carol Ackerman
`Sharon Cox
`
`Lynette Quinn
`
`Technical Reviewers
`Billy Barron
`Philip Baczewski
`
`Interviewer
`Tod Foley
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`MS 1124 - Page 5
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`

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`Overview
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`Foreword
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`Introduction
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`Part I
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`First Things First
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`1
`2
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`3
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`4
`Part I
`5
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`6
`7
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`8
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`9
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`Getting Connected: The Guru's Options
`Access at All Costs
`
`Tricks of the Trade: Tools
`
`Where's the Complaint Department?
`Everyday Guru Facilities
`E-Mail
`
`Faxing from the Internet
`FTP
`
`Telnet
`
`Usenet
`
`111
`
`World Wide Web
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`Part III
`
`A Guru's Diversions
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`11
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`12
`13
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`14
`Part IV
`15
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`16
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`17
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`18
`Part V
`19
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`20
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`21
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`22
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`Dnline Entertainment
`
`Listservs and Mailing Lists
`MBone: The Internet Multimedia Backbone
`
`Community Computing
`Finding Stuff; You Name It. a Euro Can Find it (and So Can You)
`Life with Archie
`
`Veronica
`
`Discussion Forums
`
`Gopher
`Tricks of the Frotessiorsal Ioteraet Gurus
`Internet in the Classroom
`
`Business and Commerce
`
`Research on the Internet
`
`Art on the Internet
`
`Uniform Resource Locators
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`Signature Files
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`Standards and Where to Find Them
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`MS 1124 - Page 6
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`Contents
`
`PAH? 1
`
`First Things First
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`1
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`1
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`3
`Getting Connected: The Guru's Options
`Connection Categories ................................................................ ..4
`Determining Needs ..................................................................... ..4
`Dialup Hardware ........................................................................ .. 9
`The Dialup Connection ............................................................ .. 11
`SLIP/PPP: the Proxy Connection .............................................. .. 13
`UUCP ....................................................................................... .. 1 5
`IS DN ........................................................................................ .. 1 6
`AirNet ....................................................................................... .. 17
`Leased Line ............................................................................... .. 17
`Summary .................................................................................. . . 1 8
`References and Further Reading ................................................ .. 19
`Books .................................................................................... . . 1 9
`Online Materials ...... ..‘........................................................... .. 19
`
`Access at All Costs
`
`21
`
`BBS Access ................................................................................ ..22
`FreeNets .....................
`............................................................. .. 24
`Online Service Providers ........................................................... ..27
`MCI Mail (I-800-444-6245) ................................................ ..28
`GEnie ( 1-800-638-9636) ...................................................... ..28
`Prodigy (1-800-776-3449) .................................................... .. 28
`CompuServe (1—800-848-8990) ............................................ ..29
`America Online (Info: 1-800-227-6364) .............................. ..29
`Internet Service Providers .......................................................... ..29
`Delphi (l—800—695-4005) ..................................................... .. 31
`Netcom (1-800-501-8649) ................................................... .. 31
`Performance Systems International (I-800-82-PSI-82) ......... ..31
`Access Through Higher Education ............................................ .. 32
`Interview: Mitchell Porter ......................................................... .. 33
`Employer-Provided Access ........................................................ .. 41
`Cooperative Access .................................................................... .. 43
`Alternative Nets ........................................................................ .. 44
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`Summary .................................................................................. .. 45
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`MS 1124 - Page 7
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`vi
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`Tricks of the Internet Gurus
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`3
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`5
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`f‘
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`e
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`3
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`4
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`47
`Tricks of the Trade: Tools
`File Conversion Tools ............................................................... .. 47
`Getting Software via Anonymous FTP .................................. ..49
`Audio Files ............................................................................ .. 50
`Image Files ............................................................................ .. 54
`Animation Files .................................................................... .. 59
`File Archiving, Encoding, and Compression ......................... .. 61
`Automating File Conversions with MIME ............................ .. 65
`Netfind ..................................................................................... .. 67
`\What Makes Netfind Unique ............................................... .. 68
`The Telnet Interface ............................................................. .. 69
`The Gopher—to-Netfind Gateway ......................................... .. 73
`Using Netfind on the World Wide Web ............................... .. 75
`How Netfind Works ............................................................... 78
`Netfind Tips and Tricks (Searching for Domains, Hosts,.. .) .. 80
`Where to Get Netfind Software for UNIX ............................ .. 81
`Finger.......................................................................................... 81
`History of Finger .................................................................. .. 83
`Security Issues ....................................................................... .. 84
`Finger: How It Works .......................................................... .. 85
`Neat Finger Sites ......................... ..:....................................... .. 86
`Customizing Your Personal Finger Information .................... .. 88
`GNU Finger ......................................................................... .. 90
`W/here to Get Finger ............................................................. .. 91
`Ping .......................................................................................... .. 92
`How Ping Works ...................................................................... .. 93
`\Where to Get Ping .................................................................... .. 94
`Interview: Patrick Kroupa ................................................. ..; ..... .. 95
`Where's the Complaint Department? Or, What to Do When Things Don't Work
`103
`How to Approach Internet Problem—SolVing ........................... .. 103
`Good Troubleshooting Practices ......................................... .. 104
`W/hat Are Your Expectations? .................................................. .. 104
`Has It Ever Worked? ............................................................... .. 104
`Has It Failed Before? \What Fixed It Then? .............................. .. 105
`\What Is the Simplest Way of Consistently Reproducing This
`Problem? ............................................................................... .. 105
`\What Pieces Must Go Together for This
`to Work? ............................................................................... .. 106
`Do I Have Accurate Assumptions about a Possible Cause and
`Solution? ............................................................................... .. 106
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`MS 1124 - Page 8
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`KISS: Sometimes There’s No Grassy Knoll ............................. .. 107
`“Can We Talk?” Or, Getting Clients and Servers to Talk to Each
`Other .................................................................................... .. 1 07
`Common E—Mail Problems ................................................. .. 108
`“The Check’s in the Mail”: Trace Your Mail on its Travels 111
`Usenet News ....................................................................... .. 1 12
`Gopher ............................................................................... .. 1 13
`The World Wide Web and Associated Browsers ................. .. 1 14
`“And the Web Was Without Forms and Void—-—” ............... .. 115
`ICMP: The Immovable Object Meets the Unreachable
`Destination ....................................................................... .. 1 15
`How about Those TCP/IP Settings? ................................... .. 116
`A Word about Hardware ......................................................... .. 122
`The Graceful Art of Finger—Pointing ....................................... .. 123
`How Do You Get There from Here? .................................. .. 124
`\Who Supports \X/hat? ......................................................... .. 126
`Regional Contact References ............................................... .. 127
`Getting Down to “Brass Tacts” ........................................... .. 128
`Getting Around the Problem ................................................... .. 128
`Summary ................................................................................ .. 129
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`Everyday Guru Facilities
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`E—Mail
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`133
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`133
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`Manipulate Your Mailer .......................................................... .. 134
`Mail Options No Guru Does Without ............................... .. 134
`Taking Advantage of Simple Mail Transport
`Protocol (SMTP) .............................................................. .. 134
`Exploiting Various Headers ..................................................... .. 135
`Header Elements to Be Aware of......................................... .. 135
`Headers and Rules—Based Mail ................................................ .. 136
`Concepts of E—Mail Rules Facilities ..................................... .. 136
`Interview: Nathaniel Borenstein .............................................. .. 141
`Anonymous E—Mail and Privacy Issues (PEM, PGP,
`and So on) ............................................................................ .. 146
`The Problem of E—Mail Security ......................................... .. 147
`Some E—Mail Privacy Solutions ........................................... .. 147
`An Introduction to Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) .................. .. 154
`Finding Out More about PGP and PEM ............................ .. 157
`Subscribing and Staying Current on Listservs and Mailing Lists
`(How a Guru Is Able to Track So Many Groups) ................. .. 158
`Five Major Guru Rules for Reading All That Mail .............. .. 158
`
`MS 1124 - Page 9
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`viii
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`Tricks of the Internet Gurus
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`6
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`165
`Faxing from the Internet
`Free Faxing Services ................................................................ .. 167
`TPC.INT Remote Printing ................................................. .. 167
`The University of Minnesota Fax Service ............................ .. 170
`rabbit. rgm Sacramento Fax Service .................................... ..1;71
`Swedish University Network ............................................... .. 171
`Commercial Services ............................................................... .. 172
`FAXiNET ........................................................................... .. 172
`InterFax .............................................................................. .. 172
`RadioMail ........................................................................... .. 172
`
`Unigate ............................................................................... .. 173
`FaXLinq .............................................................................. .. 173
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`7
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`FTP
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`175
`
`Those Pesky FTP Servers ........................................................ .. 175
`Batching It .............................................................................. .. 177
`Batch FTP on VMS ............................................................ ..177
`Batch FTP on UNIX .......................................................... .. 178
`
`Gopher FTP ............................................................................ .. 180
`Some Gopherable FTP Sites ............................................... .. 181
`A Final Word on Gopher FTP ............................................ .. 182
`FTP Through a WVVW Browser ............................................. .. 182
`The Files in the Mail .............................................................. .. 183
`BitFTP ............................................................................... .. 183
`FTPMail ............................................................................. .. 186
`NCFTP: An Alternate UNIX Client ........................................ .. 190
`Wuarchive FTPD .................................................................... .. 193
`The Future of FTP ............................................................. .. 195
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`8
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`197
`Telnet
`UNIX telnet ............................................................................ .. 198
`
`Using the Escape Character ................................................ .. 199
`Machines in the Same Domain ........................................... .. 200
`
`Using the set Command .................................................... ..200
`Using the 1 Command ........................................................ ..200
`Nonstandard Port Numbers ............................................... .. 201
`Scott Yanoff’ s Internet Services List .................................... ..202
`The Difference Between telnet and tn3270 ......................... .. 203
`NCSA Telnet .......................................................................... .. 204
`
`Editing the config .tel File ................................................ ..205
`Starting a Single Remote Session ......................................... .. 205
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`MS 1124 - Page 10
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`Contents
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`Quitting a Remote Session .................................................. .. 206
`Opening Multiple Sessions ................................................. .. 206
`W/Ihat the Status Line Indicates ........................................... .. 207
`A Note on Hosts ................................................................. ..207
`
`Working with the Scrollback Feature .................................. ..207
`The config.tel File and Alt—P ............................................ ..209
`WinQVT/Net ......................................................................... .. 212
`Downloading to Your PC ................................................... .. 216
`
`Usenet
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`219
`
`Volume, Volume, Volume ...................................................... .. 219
`Crossposting and Redirecting ............................................. .. 220
`The Art of the Killfile .............................................................. ..222
`
`W/here the Heck Is That Group? ............................................. .. 226
`Creating a New Group ............................................................ .. 228
`Interview: Kibo ....................................................................... .. 231
`
`Searching for Things ............................................................... .. 238
`Searching Subject: and From: Lines .................................... ..238
`rn Text Searches ................................................................. .. 240
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`grep: Searching at the Lowest Level .................................... .. 241
`Larry Wall’s clip .
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`The Shape of Agents to Come ............................................ .. 244
`
`10
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`World Wide Web
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`245
`
`Locating Items in WVVW ........................................................ .. 246
`Understanding URLs .......................................................... .. 246
`Hotlists and Personal HTML Documents .......................... .. 248
`
`Subject Hierarchies ............................................................. .. 249
`Organizational Hierarchies ................................................. .. 250
`Geographical Hierarchies .................................................... ..252
`New Web Sites ................................................................... .. 254
`Indexes ............................................................................... .. 254
`
`Your Own Home Page ............................................................ ..255
`Server Software ........................................................................ ..257
`
`Page Design Issues ................................................................... .. 259
`Lists Versus Full—TeXt ......................................................... .. 260
`Number of Links ................................................................ .. 260
`Links Back .......................................................................... ..261
`Inline Graphics ................................................................... ..261
`Client Independence ........................................................... .. 262
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`MS 1124 - Page 11
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`Tricks of the Internet Gurus
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`CGI Scripts ......................................................................... ..262
`Forms ................................................................................. .. 263
`Image Maps ........................................................................ ..263
`Client Configuration ............................................................... .. 265
`Performance ........................................................................ ..265
`Mirroring Pages .................................................................. ..265
`Related Viewers .................................................................. ..267
`Downloading Irnages/Icons ................................................ ..267
`Spiders .................................................................................... ..268
`Keeping Current with Future Developments ........................... ..269
`
`PART iii
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`A Gum's Biversiens
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`271
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`11
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`273
`Online Entertainment
`How to Program’Muds ........................................................... ..273
`Chapter Overview ................................................................... .. 275
`Notation ................................................................................. .. 276
`Overview of Common Mud Commands ................................. .. 276
`Connecting to the Mud ...................................................... ..277
`Connecting to a Character .................................................. ..277
`Obtaining Help .................................................................. .. 277
`Talking ........................... .._. ................................................. .. 277
`Acting Out Actions ............................................................. .. 278
`Looking at Objects ............................................................. ..278
`Moving Around .................................................................. ..279
`Whispering to Other Players ............................................... .. 279
`Paging Other Players .......................................................... .. 279
`Picking Up Objects ............................................................. ..280
`Dropping Objects ............................................................... ..280
`Listing \What You Are Carrying .......................................... .. 280
`Finding out Who Else Is Playing the Mud .......................... ..280
`Returning to Your Home .................................................... ..281
`Quitting the Mud ............................................................... .. 281
`How to Program MUCKS, MUSHes, and MUSES:
`A Tutorial ............................................................................. .. 281
`Objects ............................................................................... .. 282
`DBREF ............................................................................... .. 282
`Money ................................................................................ .. 282
`Wizards and Officials .......................................................... .. 282
`At—Commands .................................................................... .. 283
`Flags ................................................................................... .. 283
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`MS 1124 - Page 12
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`Messages ............................................................................. .. 283
`Creating and Naming Objects ............................................ ..284
`Attributes ............................................................................ .. 284
`Action Lists ......................................................................... .. 286
`
`Examining .......................................................................... .. 287
`More Movement Commands .............................................. .. 287
`
`Killing ................................................................................ ..288
`Giving and Receiving Objects ............................................. ..288
`Finding and Searching for Objects ...................................... ..289
`Rooms and Exits ................................................................. .. 290
`Rooms as Homes ................................................................ ..295
`
`Examining Exits .................................................................. .. 296
`Exit Attributes .................................................................... .. 296
`
`Special Exits ........................................................................ .. 297
`Other Flags on Rooms and Exits ......................................... ..299
`Unlinking Exits .................................................................. .. 299
`Containers .......................................................................... ..299
`Enter and Leave Attributes .................................................. .. 300
`Pronoun Substitutions ........................................................ .. 300
`
`Try It Out! ......................................................................... .. 301
`Programming a MUCK .......................................................... .. 302
`Popular MUCKS ..... .f.......................................................... .. 302
`Things Specific to MUCKS ..................................................... .. 302
`MUF Programming ............................................................ ..302
`Using the MUF Editor and Compiler ................................. .. 303
`MUF Basics ........................................................................ ..303
`Basic MUF Functions ......................................................... .. 304
`Variables ............................................................................. .. 307
`
`Messages ............................................................................. .. 308
`Conditional Statements ...................................................... .. 308
`
`An Example MUF Program ................................................ .. 309
`Programming a MUSH ........................................................... .. 309
`Popular MUSHes ............................................................... .. 310
`Things Specific to MUSHes .................................................... .. 310
`Possessive Pose .................................................................... .. 310
`
`Puppets ............................................................................... .. 31 1
`Listening and Responding to Messages ............................... .. 312
`Percent Substitutions .......................................................... .. 313
`
`Registers ............................................................................. .. 314
`Triggers .............................................................................. .. 315
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`MS 1124 - Page 13
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`

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`xii
` Tricks of the Internet Gurus
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`Numbered Variables ........................................................... .. 316
`Braces ................................................................................. ..317
`Using an Object .................................................................. .. 3 1 8
`Functions ............................................................................ .. 3 l 8
`The v() Function .................................................................32O
`The s() Function .................................................................32O
`The get() Function ............................................................ ..32O
`The rand() Function ............................................................321
`The switch Command ..........................................................321
`User—Defined Commands ..................................................... 323
`User—Defined Attributes ...................................................... .. 324
`The Queue ......................................................................... .. 324
`The wait Command ........................................................... .325
`The halt Command ........................................................... ..326
`Semaphores ......................................................................... .. 326
`Putting It All Together: Exploding Jawbreaker Example ..... .. 329
`Programming a MUSE ............................................................ .. 332
`Popular MUSES .................................................................. ..332
`MuseNet Worlds ................................................................ .. 333
`Things Specific to MUSES ...................................................... .. 334
`Commands ..................... ..,.................................................. .. 334
`Classes ................................................................................ .. 334
`Zones .................................................................................. .. 335
`Interactive Narration: “Monster Island” Example ............... .. 335
`MUCK, MUSH and MUSE Reference ................................... .. 341
`Concept Reference .............................................................. .. 341
`Control ............................................................................... .. 34]
`Costs ................................................................................... .. 342
`Credits ................................................................................ .. 342
`Drop—To ............................................................................. .. 342
`Enactor ............................................................................... .. 342
`$ and I Events ..................................................................... ..343
`Exits ................................................................................... .. 343
`Failure ................................................................................ .. 343
`Home ..............................................