Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.1
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.1
`
`

`
`
`
`I}_oI|_||IIter
`Illctlonnnry
`
`Third Edition
`
`985535
`
`=af§t;...isra.=m.zw i;::r:3t;m'r §_E;3£{,.r§ V
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`Micm.-soft“Press
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.2
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.2
`
`

`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 9SU52—6399
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`Library of Congress Catalogirig-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. —— 3rd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-571"-131-446-X
`
`1. Computers»Dictionaries.
`1. Microsoft Press.
`QA76.l5.M54 1997
`
`U04'.i}3--dc21
`
`.
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dietionaries.
`
`‘)7-15489
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23-"1567-‘S9 QMQM 21098’?
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada. a division of Canada Publishing
`Corporation.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
`information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office. Or contact
`Microsofl Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh. QuickTime, and TrueType are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Directlnput, Direetx, Microsoft, Microsoft
`Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32, Win3’.Zs. Windows, Windows NT. and XENIX are
`registered trztdemarks and Activelvlovie, Activex. and Visual .l++ are trademarks of Microsoft
`Corporation. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystcms, inc. Other product and company names
`
`mentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editor: Mauteen Williams Zimmerman, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: Dail Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross. Jim Fuchs, John Conrow. I-‘Curt Meyer,
`Robert Lyon, Roslyn Lutseh
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.3
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.3
`
`

`
`H’l‘TP—NG
`
`HyperCard
`
`HT'I‘P-NG \H‘T-T-P‘N-G’\ n. Acronym for Hyper-
`text Transfer Protocol Next Generation. A stan-
`
`dard under development by the World Wide Web
`Consortium (W3C)
`for
`improving" performance
`and enabling the addition of features such as secu-
`rity. Whereas the current version of HTTP estab-
`lishes a connection each time a request is made,
`HTTP-NG will set up one connection (which con-
`sists of separate channels for control information
`and data) for an entire session between a particu-
`lar client and a particular server.
`_‘
`HTTPS \H‘T-T-P—S’\
`7;. Web server software for
`Windows NT. Developed by the European
`Microsoft Windows
`NT Academic Centre
`(EMWAC)' at the University of Edinburgh, Scot-
`land, it is available for download from the Internet
`and offers such features as WAIS search capability.
`See also HTTP server, WAIS.
`HTTP server \H‘T-T-P’ s9r‘ver\ n. 1. Server soft-
`
`ware that uses HTTP to serve up HTML documents
`and any associated files
`and scripts when
`requested by a client, such as a Web browser. The
`connection between client and server is usually
`broken after the requested document or file has
`been served. HTTP servers are used on Web and
`Intranet sites. Also called Web server. See also -
`
`HTML, HTTP, server" (definition"2). 2. Any machine
`on which an HTTP server program is running.
`HTTP status codes \H‘T—T-P‘
`stat’us
`kédz‘,
`sta’tus\ n. Three-digit codes sent by an HTTP
`server that indicate the results of a request for data.
`Codes beginning with 1 respond to requests that
`the client may not have finished sending; with 2,
`successful "requests; with 5, further action that the
`client must
`take; with 4,
`requests that
`failed
`because of client error; and with 5, requests that
`failed because of server error. See also 400, 401,
`402, 403, 404, HTTP.
`-hll \dot‘H-U’\ 7;. On the Internet, the major geo-
`graphic domain specifying that an address is
`located in Hungary.
`hub \hub\ n. In a network, a device joining com-
`munication lines at acentral location, providing a
`Common connection to all devices on the network.
`
`The term is an analogy to the hub of a wheel. See
`also active hub, switching hub.
`hue \hyo_o\ n. In the HSB color model, one of the
`.three characteristics used to describe a color. Hue
`
`is the attribute that most readily distinguishes one
`color from other colors. It depends on the fre-
`quency of a light wave in the visible spectrum. See
`also color model, HSB. Compare brightness, satu-
`ration (definition 2).
`A
`n.
`k6‘déng\
`Huffman coding \huf’man
`method of compressing a given set of data based
`on the relative frequency of the individual ele-
`ments. The more often a given element, such as a
`letter, occurs, the shorter, in bits, is its correspond-
`ing code. It was one of the earliest data compres-
`sion codes and, with modifications, remains one
`of the most widely used codes for a large Variety
`of message types.
`en-ja—nér’éng\
`human engineering \hyo_o‘m9n
`n. The designing of machines and associated
`products to suit the needs of humans. See also
`ergonomics.
`human-machine interface \hy6"o‘m9n-ma-shén‘
`in’t9r—fas\ n. The boundary at which people make
`contact with and use machines; when applied to
`programs and operating systems, it is more widely
`known as the user interface.
`
`hung \hung\ adj. See hang.
`in
`hybrid circuit \hi’brid s9r‘k9t\ n. A circuit
`which fundamentally different types of compo-
`nents are used to perform similar functions, such
`as a stereo amplifier that uses both tubes and tran-
`sistors.
`
`hybrid computer \hi‘brid_ kern-py(5”o’t9r\ n. A
`computer that contains both digital and analog cir-
`cuits.
`
`hybrid microcircuit \hi‘brid mi’kr6-ser-k9t\ n.
`A microelectroniccircuit that combines individual
`microminiaturized components and integrated
`components.
`n. An information-
`HyperCard \hi’p9r-kard‘\
`management software tool, designed for the Apple
`Macintosh, that implements many hypertext con-
`cepts. A HyperCard document consists of a series
`of cards, collected into a stack. Each card can con-
`tain text, graphical
`images, sound, buttons that
`enable travel from card to card, and other controls.
`Programs and routines can be coded as scripts in
`=" an object-oriented language called HyperTalk or
`developed as external code resources (XCMDs
`and XFCNS). See also hypertext, object-oriented
`programming, XCMD, XFCN.
`
`53
`23;!)
`l
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.4
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.4
`
`

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`f
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`
`
`round \round\ Ub. To shorten the fractional part of
`a number, usually increasing the last remaining
`(rightmost) digit or not, according to whether the
`deleted portion was over or under 5. For example,
`0.5533 rounded to two decimal places is 0.33, and
`0.6666 is 0.67. Computer programs often round
`numbers, sometimes causing confusion when the
`resulting values do not ‘add up “correctly.” Per-
`centages in a spreadsheet can thus total 99 percent
`or 101 percent because of rounding.
`round robin \round‘
`rob’in\
`n. A sequential,
`cyclical allocation of resources to more than one
`process or device.
`ro—o’t9-
`routable protocol \rou’t9-bl pro‘t9-kol,
`bl\ n. A communications protocol that is used to
`route data from one network to another by means
`of a network address and a device address. TCP/
`IP is an example of a routable protocol.
`router \rou’t9r\ n. An intermediary device on a
`communications network that expedites message
`delivery. On‘ a single network linking many com-
`puters through a mesh of possible connections, a
`router receives transmitted messages and forwards
`them to their correct destinations over the most
`efficient available route. On an interconnected set
`of local area networks (LANs) using the same com-
`munications protocols, a router serves the some-
`what different function of acting as a link between
`LANs, enabling messages to be sent from one to
`another. See also bridge, gateway.
`routine \r6‘o-tén’\ n. Any section of code that can
`be invoked (executed) within a program. A rou-
`tine usually has a name (identifier) associated with
`it and is executed by referencing that name.
`Related terms (which may or may not be exact -
`synonyms, depending on the context) are func-
`tion, procedure, and subroutine. See also function
`(definition 3), procedure, subroutine.
`row \r6\ n. A series of items arranged horizontally
`within some type of framework——for example, a
`continuous series of cells running from left to right
`in a spreadsheet; a horizontal line of pixels on a
`video screen; or a set of data values aligned hori-
`zontally in a table. Compare column.
`RPC \R‘P-C’\ n, See remote procedure call.
`RPF \R‘P-F’\ .n. See reverse path forwarding.
`RPN \R‘P-N’\ n. Acronym for reverse Polish nota-
`tion. See postfix notation.
`
`RPROM \R'proIn, R‘P’rom, R‘P-R‘O-M’\ n. Short
`for reprogrammable PROM. See EPROM.
`RRSP \R‘R-S-P’\
`n. See Resource Reservation
`Setup Protocol.
`\R‘S-t6'o-th1‘é-to_0-C’ stan‘-
`RS-232-C standard
`dard\ n. An accepted industry standard for serial
`communications connections. Adopted by the
`Electrical
`Industries Association,
`this Recom-
`mended Standard (RS) defines the specific lines
`and signal characteristics used by serial communi-
`cations controllers to standardize the transmission
`of serial data between devices. The letter, C
`denotes that the current version of the standard is
`the third in a series. See also CTS, DSR, DTR, RTS,
`RXD, TXD.
`
`Rs-422/423/449 \R‘S-f6r—toT3-too‘f6r-tcT3—thré‘f6r-
`for-nin’\ n. Standards for serial communications
`with transmission distances over 50 feet. RS-449
`incorporates RS-422 and RS-423. Macintosh serial
`ports are RS-422 ports. See also RS-232-C stan-
`dard.
`
`RSAC \R’sak, R‘S-A-C’\ n. See Recreational Soft-
`ware Advisory Council.
`RSA encryption \R-S-A’ en-krip‘sh9n\ n. Short
`for Rivest—Shamir-Adleman encryption. The pat-
`ented public key encryption algorithm, introduced
`by Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adle-
`man in 1978, on which the PGP (Pretty Good Pri-
`vacy) encryption program is based. See also PGP,
`public key encryption.
`RSI \R‘S-I’\ n. See repetitive strain injury.
`RSN \R‘S-N’\ See Real Soon Now.
`RSVP \R‘S-V-P’\
`n. See Resource Reservation
`Setup Protocol.
`
`RTF \R‘T-F’\ n. See Rich Text Format.
`RTFM \R‘T-F-M’\ Acronym for read the flaming
`(or friendly) manual. A common answer to a
`question in an Internet newsgroup or product sup-
`port conference that is adequately explained in the
`instruction manual. Also called RTM.
`RTM \R‘T-M’\ Acronym for read the manual. See
`RTFM.
`_
`.
`RTS \R"Il3S’\ “n. Acronym for Request to Send. A
`signal sent, as from a computer to its modem, to
`request permission to transmit; the signal is often
`used in serial communications. RTS is a hardware
`signal sent over pin 4 in RS-232-C connections. See
`also RS-252-C standard. Compare CTS.
`
`Alwlfii
` -
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.5
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.5
`
`

`
`webn1ist1'ess
`
`%
`Em ‘
`J
`
`I
`5
`
`(
`
`I
`
`I
`
`and design of the. site. Also coiled webmistress,
`webweaver.
`webmistress \web’mis-u-as\ it. See webmaster.
`
`1:. A document on the
`Web page \web' pfij\
`World Wide Web. A Web page consists of an
`HTML file, with associated files for graphics and
`scripts,‘ in a particular directory on a particular
`machine (and thus identifiable by a URL). Usually
`a Web page contains links to other Web pages. See
`also URL.
`
`Web phone \web' fc'>n\ 1'1. See Internet telephone.
`Web server \web' sar"var\ 1:. See HTTP sewer.
`
`:1. A group of related HTML
`Web site \web' siti
`documents and associated files, scripts, and data-
`bases that is served up by an HTTP server on the
`World Wide Web. The HTML documents in a Web
`
`site generally cover one or more related topics and
`are interconnected through hyperlinks. Most Web
`sites have a home page as their starting point,
`which frequently functions as a table of contents
`for the site. Many large organizations, such as cor-
`porations, will have one or more H'i'l‘i’ sewers
`dedicated to :1 single Web site. However, an l*I'[TP
`server can also serve several small Web sites. such
`as those owned by individuals. Users need 21 Web
`browser and an Internet connection to access a
`
`Web site. See also home page, HTML, 1-I'l"I'I’ server
`(definition 1), Web browser.
`rt. A system
`Web terminal \web’
`t9r‘ma-n.9|\
`containing at central processing unit (CPU), RAM,
`a high-speed modem or other means of connect~
`ing to the Internet, and powerful video graphics,
`but no hard disk, intended to be used solely as a
`client to die World Wide Web rather than as a
`
`general-purpose Computer. Also called network
`computer.
`Web TV \weh‘ T—\''’\ n. A system For accessing the
`World Wide Web and displaying Web pages on a
`television screen using a set-top box.
`webweaver \web’wE-.‘var'\ it. See webmaster’.
`
`webzine \web’zén\ n. An electronic |3I.|l)lii‘.'.‘.2i.|.'II‘._lI‘l
`clistrilauted primarily through the World Wide
`Web, rather than as an inlt-on-paper rnagazine. See
`also ezine.
`
`Weighted code \w:'t”tatl l<c"id’\ n. A dztta represen-
`tation code in which each bit position has El speci-
`fied inlierent value, which might or might not be
`
`included in the interpretation of the data, depend-
`ing on whether the bit is on or off.
`welcome page \wel'kam ps'tj‘\
`11!. See l1on1e page.
`WELL '\wel, W-E‘L~L'\
`rt. Acronym for Whole
`Earth ‘Lectronic Link. A conferencing system
`based in San Francisco, California, that is accessi—
`hie through the Internet and through dial—up
`access points in many major cities. The WELL
`attracts many computer professionals, along with
`other people who enjoy participating in one of" the
`Internet‘s most sttccesshtl virtual communities.
`
`Because of the ntunber of journalists and other
`pioininent people who participate in the WELL, it
`has substantial influence beyond its own relatively
`small number of subscril3e1's.
`
`well-behaved \wcl‘b§—hz‘1vci'\ nay‘. 1. Of. pertain-
`ing to, or chatacteristic ofa program that performs
`properly even when given extreme or erroneous
`input values. 2. Obeying the rules of a particular
`programming environment
`well-mannered \wel‘ rnan'aru:l\
`believed.
`
`See well-
`
`aclf.
`
`rt. Slang for living beings and
`Wetware \wet'w2”1r\
`their brains, as part of the environment that also
`includes hardware and software.
`“what-if’ evaluation \hwat—if‘ E-vaI‘yo"‘fi-:1‘sl1an,
`wot-ii‘\ n. A kind of SpI'l':21(.l5l‘il3Ei evaluation in
`which certain values in a spreadsheet are changed
`in order to reveal the ellects of those changes. For
`example, a spreadsheet user can rise "what—ii"
`evalttation to my ciiliierent mortgage. 1'ates and
`terms to see the effect on monthly payments and
`on total interest paid over the life of a loan.
`Whatis \hwat—iz', wat—iz’\ n. 1. A UNIX utility for
`obtaining a summary of at keywords documenta-
`tion. See also man pages. 2. An Archie command
`for locating software whose description contains
`desired words.
`
`What You See Before You Get It \l1wat“ yo‘?! sé‘
`be-for" yd_t) get’ it, wal‘\ adj. See WYSBYGI.
`What You See Is What You Get \}1wat ye?) se‘ iz
`hwat yo_t) get’, wet‘; adj. See WYSIWYG.
`wheel printer \hwE~.l' prin“tar, wé|’\ ‘rt. See daisy-
`whcel printer.
`Whetstone \ltweI."st6n, wet 'st6n\ ii. A benchmark
`test that attempts to mcasttre the speed and efTi—
`ciency with which a computer" carries out floating-
`
`A
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.6
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`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation - Ex. 1019, p.6