CHAPTER
`
`Three-View, Plan View
`and Elevation View Drawings
`
`Technical drawings are the language engineers and
`architects use to communicate their ideas and designs
`to journeymen. It is a language based on lines and s:m-
`bols that have specific meanings. Journeymen must
`possess the sldll to interpret these symbols and l i e s ,
`so that they may install and maintain piping systems.
`
`This chapter discusses the use of three-view draw-
`ings, section drawings, and schematic drawings, and
`introduces some special-purpose drawings, such as ex-
`ploded drawings and wiring diagrams.
`
`The photograph in Fig. 2-1 clearly depicts
`the over-all appearance of a concrete
`block. A three-view drawing will most
`clearly show the appearance as well as
`the exact size and other details of
`construction of an object.
`
`Top View
`
`Front View
`
`Right-Side View
`
`Also, the Right-Side View in Fig. 2-2 does not repre-
`sent what is usually considered the "Right-Side" of the
`concrete block.
`
`The key to understanding the relationship of the
`views in a three-view drawing is the Front View. The
`Front View locates the object directly in front of the
`viewer. See Fig. 2 3 .
`
`The three-view drawing of the concrete block
`shown in Fig. 2-2 is a drawing with the Top View posi-
`tioned directly above the Front View and the Right-
`Side or Left-Side View positioned directly to the right
`or left of the Front View.
`
`The Front View of the concrete block in Fig. 2-2
`'3 does not show what is normally considered the Front
`View.
`: -1
`The Front V~ew in a 3 View drawing does not neces-
`sarily show the -front" of an object
`
`

`
`View related
`How, then, is the Right-Side
`to the Front View?
`
`Fig. 2-6 is a three-view drawing of a
`concrete block.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`With the Front View directly in front of the viewer,
`the Right-Side View is what the viewer would see if he
`or she were to walk to their right until the right side of
`
`the object was directly in front of them. See Fig. 24. -
`
`Top View
`
`Front View
`
`Riqht-Side View
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`
`
`1
`
`Front View
`
`B
`
`R~ght-Slde
`V~ew
`
`How would the Top View be related to the
`Front View?
`
`The TOP View in Fig. 2-5 shows the object a s the
`viewer would see it when they stand at the Front View, as
`shown in Fig. 24, and look directly down on the object.
`
`TOP View
`
`On squared block Paper, sketch the
`concrefe block in three views as shown in
`fig. 2-6. use a straight edge and a
`medium-weight pencil. Note the equal
`spacing at "A" and "6." Save these
`sketches for future reference.
`
`The drauing in Fig. 2-6 does not give a complete un-
`derstanding of the object. Only the visible details in
`each view are shown.
`
`In a three-view drawing, solid limes are used to rep-
`resent the details of an object which can be seen in
`each view.
`
`Broken lines are used to illustrate the openings
`which are "hidden" in the Front and Right-Side Views.
`See Fig. 2-7.
`
`

`
`3
`
`TOP
`View
`
`rnnrr-vrrw, 1-LAN VlLW AND ELEVATION VIEW DRAWINGS
`
`r
`
`Front
`View
`
`TOP
`View
`
`Right Side
`View
`
`Using the Top View shown in Fig. 2-8 as
`the Right-Side View, make a second
`sketch and compare it with Fig. 2-9.
`
`The three-view drawings which have
`been discussed are generally accepted as
`standard in the United States and
`
`TOP
`View
`
`The Front View, Top View, and the Right-
`; Side View in Fig. 2-7 must be compared
`to get a true picture of the "hidden"
`details.
`
`,
`I
`
`On squared block paper, make a three-
`view drawing of the concrete block with
`the Front View being what is normally
`considered as the front of the block.
`Compare your drawing with the one
`shown in Fig. 2-8.
`
`Front
`View
`
`Right Side
`View
`
`

`
`Canada, but other views may be shown
`which would better illustrate the object.
`See Fig. 2- 10.
`
`Top
`View
`
`I
`
`Front
`View
`
`Right Side
`View
`
`Finished Wall Line
`
`The water closet shown in Fig. 2-11 is
`taken from an actual rough-in book.
`
`The Front View of the drawing in Fig. 2-11 shows the
`left side of the fixture.
`
`In Fig. 2-11, the left side of the fixture was chosen as
`the Front View because the left side of the fixture con-
`tains the ballcock and the rough-in could best be
`shown by this view.
`
`The Top View- of the fixture in Fig. 2-11 was omitted
`because the Front View, Right-Side View, and related
`notes provide sufficient information to rough-in this
`particular type water closet.
`
`Technical drawings don't always show
`three views or all of the hidden lines and
`the exact outside shape of an object.
`
`If space is at a premium, the draftsman may use
`symbols to represent objects such as valves or pipe fit-
`tings.
`
`Y8'' S.P.S. Supply to Floor
`When Specified
`
`NOTE: This Water Closet is Designed to Rough-in at a Min. Dimension of 12" From Finished Wall to Q of Outlet
`
`

`
`Fig. 2-12-A, B and C are drawings of a 90"
`elbow shown in three views. An example
`of a 90" elbow is shown in Fig. 2-12-6 and
`C using symbols.
`
`Q
`
`Top View
`
`Front
`View
`
`A
`
`@
`
`Top View
`
`Right Sid-
`View
`
`Front
`View
`
`Right Side
`View
`
`Q Top View
`
`Front
`View
`C
`
`Right Side
`Mew
`
`In the process of making a drawing of a
`complicated piping system, the use of
`symbols similar to the types shown in Fig.
`2-13 obviously saves time and space. You
`must know what these symbols stand for
`if you are to understand what the
`draftsman is trying to convey in a drawing.
`
`Tee Looking Away From Viewer
`
`1
`
`Check Valve
`
`r 1 Reducer or Increaser
`PD Tee Looking Toward Viewer
`
`On squared block paper, sketch a three-
`view drawing, using fitting symbols, to
`illustrate the piping arrangement shown
`in Fig. 2- 15.
`
`I
`
`Each symbol in Fig. 2-13 is both correctly identified
`and pictured by a double line drawing in Fig. 2-14.
`
`Compare your sketch with the one shown in Fig.
`2-16.
`
`17
`
`

`
`0
`
`Note: The "Fitting Face Marks" are omitted in Fig.
`2-16.
`
`Fitting Face Marks should only be used on a sketch
`or drawing when they are needed for clarification.
`
`Figs. 2-17, 2-18 and 2-19 are the front, right side, and
`top views of a pneumatic water booster system. Fig. 2-
`20 is the same system drawn in an isometric view with
`the use of fitting symbols.
`
`Symbols are used in Fig. 2-20 which represent the
`pumps, valves and fittings. From observation it be-
`comes obvious that the use of symbols require far less
`effort than drawing each item in the three views of the
`pneumatic water booster system shown in Figs. 2-17,2-
`18 and 2-19.
`
`

`
`THREE-VIEW, PLAN VIEW AND ELEVATION VIEW DRAWINGS
`THREE-VIEW, PLAN VIEW AND ELEVA11ON V|E\N DRAWINGS
`
`Right Side View
`
`19
`
`

`
`flljntunul-9
`«'2-Illq-;,-IIIIC
`
`
`
` ll-3
`
`Top View
`
`20
`
`

`
`THREE-VIEW, PLAN VIEW AND ELEVATION VIEW DRAWINGS
`THREE-VIEW, PLAN Vuarv AND ELEVATION VIEW DRAWINGS
`
`6“ GATE
`
`8
`
`TEE~——..
`
`'4
`7
`
`
`
`8"><6 RED\
`
`4
`
`g-—-6"cATE
`‘—-6" x4" RED
`4"GATE/' vg" ‘
`4"
`FLEX
`4"CI—IECK¢
`/0’
`4"FLE><
`
`§Eg:;;3
`
`
`
`21
`
`

`
`The type of drawings most commonly
`used on job sites are plan and elevation
`views. Usually the plan and one
`elevation view are used to fully describe
`an object, however in some instances
`more than one elevation view is needed.
`Explain.
`The plan view is the view as seen from above the ob-
`ject, looldng down on it or the top view.
`
`The elevation view is the view from one side of the
`object. Fig. 2-21 is an example of this type of drawing,
`showing the plan view, four elevation views and the
`bottom view.
`
`Each one of these views shows two of the principle
`dimensions and can show only two. The front view or
`front elevation shows the width and height of the front
`of the object. The top view or plan view shows the
`w i d t h and length of the top.
`
`The right side view or right elevation shows the
`length and height of the right side. The left view or left
`elevation shows the length and height of the left side.
`The rear view or rear elevation shows the w i d t h and
`height of the rear side.
`
`The bottom view is not a plan view, but rather it is a
`view from beneath the object looking up. This view
`shows the length and width of the underside of the ob-
`ject. This view is not often used in pipe drawings, but is
`sometimes used to show the bottom side of such things
`
`as vessels, turbines, etc. You must remember that this
`view is from the bottom looking up.
`
`The plan view is often used to show the floor plan of
`a building or equipment room. Usually the plan view
`shows the building with the roof removed and the ob-
`server is looking down at the floor or floor plan.
`
`Fig. 2-21 shows the correct method for
`arranging these six views. When sketching
`pipe, how should these rules be observed?
`1. The top view or plan view should be placed di-
`rectly above the front view.
`2. The bottom view should be drawn directly below
`the front view.
`3. The right view should be drawn directly to the
`right of the front view.
`4. The left view should be drawn directly to the left of
`the front view.
`5. The rear view should be drawn to the left of the left
`view or if necessary to the right of the right view.
`
`While some views can be omitted: no view should be
`drawn in any other position.
`
`Fig. 2-22 is a pictorial drawing of a simple piping sit-
`uation using screwed pipe and fittings with the fittings
`numbered and the pipe lettered. To give a complete de-
`scription of this piping situation using a plan and eleva-
`tion view, at least lwo views a s in Fig. 2-23 would be
`
`needed. piq Plan
`Elevation 0 Elevation
`
`Elevation
`
`Elevation
`
`Bottom
`
`

`
`3
`
`3
`3
`
`The symbol used to show the tee is the symbol for a
`tee turned up or side outlet up. You b o w from the plan
`view that the side outlet of the tee is horizontal. This
`symbol shows that you are looking into the side outlet
`or the side outlet is facing you.
`
`Fig. 2-24 shows the five views possible for the
`piping situation in Fig. 2-22. The bottom view is not
`used.
`
`Plan
`
`Rear Elevation
`
`I
`
`Plan
`
`Front Elevation
`
`Left
`Elevation
`
`Right
`Elevation
`
`Starting at the left side of the plan view you well see
`the symbol for the 90-degree ell n t u r n e d doum. From
`this ell going to the right, you will see nipple @ which
`connects to tee A. The side outlet of the tee is in the
`horizontal position with a piece of pipe @) screwed
`Inlo lr On thr right s ~ d c of the te? 15 another plecc of
`pipe @ whlvl~ connects to a 90-degr?? ell -1 turned
`UP.
`This plan \view shows most of the information
`needed, but not all of the information needed. It does
`not show the length of the nipples @ and 0. To get
`these lengths you must refer to the front elevation view
`in Fig. 2-23.
`
`Scarting at the left side of the
`see nipple @ connected to the
`is now shown as a side view. Moving to the right from
`you can see nipple@, which is
`the 90-degree ell
`connected to ~ I I A .
`
`I
`
`Front Elevation
`
`To be able to draw the four elevation views you
`must rotate the pictorial drau-ing in Fig. 2-26 in your
`mind's eye. If this were a piping situation already
`fabricated it would be simple to walk around to the
`rear side to see how it looks, but most drawings or
`sketches are made to show how the pipe is to be
`fabricated rather than to show existing pipe fabrica-
`tions.
`
`

`
`Fig. 2-25 is a pictorial drawing with the fittings numbered and the pipe lettered. Fig. 2-26 consists of
`a plan and four elevation views of the same piping situation.
`Study the pictorial drawing in Fig. 2-25. Fill in the correct numbers in the triangles next to each f i i n g
`in the plan and elevation views in Fig. 2-26. Fill in the correct letter in the square next to each piece
`of pipe.
`In Fig. 2-26 which elevation view would be the best one to use?
`
`lo
`
`Front
`
`0 Rear Elevation
`
`Plan View
`
`Front Elevation
`
` eft
`Elevation
`
`Right
`Elevation
`
`

`
`...nrr- wlrw, I'LAN VIEW AND ELEVATION VIEW DRAWINGS
`
`Draw the plan view and fmnt elevation view of the piping situation in Fig. 2-27 on a piece of squared
`block paper. Use a drawing board and T-Squae. Use screwed fitting symbols. Make the drawing
`approximately twice the size shown in Fig. 2-27.
`
`The terms front elevation view, rear elevation view
`and side elevation view refer to the side from which
`you are viewing the object. When drawing the front ele-
`vation view of a building, this would be the view where
`the journeyman is standing in front of the building and
`looking at the front.
`
`)
`
`The terms front, rear, and side are not often used in
`pipe work, especially in industrial applications. These
`terms are replaced by the terms east elevation, west el-
`evation, north elevation and south elevation.
`The front view of a building would be called the
`south elevation view as shown in Fig. 2-28.
`
`Soulh Elevation
`
`West Elevation
`
`

`
`Fig. 2-29 shows a pictorial view of a cylinder and a
`three view drawing of the same cylinder. Piping dia-
`grams normally use the points of the compass to de-
`
`scribe the elevations. Note that the South Elevation is-
`the south side of the tank and would be seen when you
`are facing north.
`
`-
`
`Plan
`
`South Elevation
`
`East Elevation
`
`-
`-
`- -
`
`

`
`i
`
`i
`
`The elevation views of piping would be named in the
`same manner Fig. 2-31 shows the plan view and the
`
`four elevation views o f the piping anangement in Fig.
`230.
`
`s -+r Down
`
`West View
`from this
`side
`h
`South
`View
`
`East View
`I from this
`side
`Plan View
`
`N h
`
`I
`
`East Elevation F West Elevation +-3
`
`South Elevation
`
`North Elevation
`
`

`
`EXERCISE 2-3
`
`On squared block paper draw a Plan View and East Elevation View of the piping arrangement in Fig.
`2-32.
`
`Draw a Plan View and West Elevation View of Fig. 2-33.
`
`S "XI
`
`Down
`
`Down