Kodak S V96QQ Stilt Video Transceiver
`Kodak SV9600 Still Video Transceiver
`
`KeithA.Hadley
`Keith A. Hadley
`
`Eastman Kodak Company, Electronic Photography Division
`Eastman Kodak Company, Electronic Photography Division
`901 Elmgrove Road, Rochester, NY 14653-5115
`901 Elmgrove Road, Rochester, NY 14653 -5115
`
`ABSTRACT
`ABSTRACT
`
`The Kodak SV9600 Still Video Transceiver is designed to electronically transmit and receive high quality video
`The Kodak SV9600 Still Video Transceiver is designed to electronically transmit and receive high quality video
`images over standard telephone lines. The transceiver captures a full frame of video, digitizes and stores it in memory
`images over standard telephone lines. The transceiver captures a full frame of video, digitizes and stores it in memory
`for manipulation and display of the image data. The data is compressed using a highly sophisticated algorithm
`for manipulation and display of the image data. The data is compressed using a highly sophisticated algorithm
`developed at Kodak. The compressed image data is transferred to a built-in modem for high-speed communication over
`developed at Kodak. The compressed image data is transferred to a built -in modem for high -speed communication over
`standard telephone lines.
`standard telephone lines.
`
`n SYSTEM CONCEPT
`1) SYSTEM CONCEPT
`
`The objective of the Kodak SV9600 Still Video Transceiver is to develop and market a system for
`The objective of the Kodak SV9600 Still Video Transceiver is to develop and market a system for
`electronically transmitting and receiving NTSC-quality color video images using the public dial-up telephone
`electronically transmitting and receiving NTSC -quality color video images using the public dial -up telephone
`network.
`network.
`
`T
`
`Still Video
`Still Video
`Transceiver
`Transceiver
`
`Video -O
`Video
`Input
`Input
`
`T
`
`Still Video
`Still Video
`Transceiver
`Transceiver
`
`Video
`Output
`
`Public
`Public
`Switched
`Switched
`Telephone
`Telephone
`Network
`Network
`
`The input to the system can be any source of NTSC composite or RGB video in still or motion form. The
`The input to the system can be any source of NTSC composite or RGB video in still or motion form. The
`output from the system can be connected to any device that accepts NTSC composite or RGB video.
`output from the system can be connected to any device that accepts NTSC composite or RGB video.
`
`The transceiver captures a full frame of video and stores it in digital form in memory for purposes of
`The transceiver captures a full frame of video and stores it in digital form in memory for purposes of
`manipulation and display of the image data. This data is then compressed using highly sophisticated image
`manipulation and display of the image data. This data is then compressed using highly sophisticated image
`compression techniques to minimize the transmission time and storage requirements. The compressed data is then
`compression techniques to minimize the transmission time and storage requirements. The compressed data is then
`transmitted via a high-speed modem to another transceiver over standard voice-grade dial-up telephone lines. At the
`transmitted via a high -speed modem to another transceiver over standard voice -grade dial -up telephone lines. At the
`receiving transceiver, the compressed image is expanded and converted back to an analog video signal for display on a
`receiving transceiver, the compressed image is expanded and converted back to an analog video signal for display on a
`video monitor.
`video monitor.
`
`238 / SPIEVol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989)
`238 / SPIE Vol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989)
`
`LG 1018
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`2) PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
`2) PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
`
`* The image compression/expansion algorithm allows transmission of continuous-tone color video images
`* The image compression/expansion algorithm allows transmission of continuous -tone color video images
`over normal dial-up telephone lines in less than 1 minute.
`over normal dial -up telephone lines in less than 1 minute.
`* Preview mode provides a color image in about 10 seconds for immediate verification.
`* Preview mode provides a color image in about 10 seconds for immediate verification.
`* Field mode eliminates flicker from motion images.
`* Field mode eliminates flicker from motion images.
`* External computer interface allows for storage of images in compressed digital form on a PC diskette.
`* External computer interface allows for storage of images in compressed digital form on a PC diskette.
`* External computer interface also permits auto sequencing of images in batch form, auto-dial, auto-answer,
`* External computer interface also permits auto sequencing of images in batch form, auto -dial, auto - answer,
`storage of uncompressed digital images, and different modes of transmission.
`storage of uncompressed digital images, and different modes of transmission.
`* Standard NTSC composite and RGB video inputs and outputs.
`* Standard NTSC composite and RGB video inputs and outputs.
`* Standard RJ11C jacks for telephone line and telephone set.
`* Standard RJ1 1C jacks for telephone line and telephone set.
`
`3) HARDWARE OVERVIEW
`3) HARDWARE OVERVIEW
`
`The major functional blocks of the transceiver are the printed circuit board assemblies. The analog video board
`The major functional blocks of the transceiver are the printed circuit board assemblies. The analog video board
`converts the NTSC composite or RGB input signal to luminance and color difference analog video signals. The
`converts the NTSC composite or RGB input signal to luminance and color difference analog video signals. The
`framestore board contains the A/D converters which digitize these signals and store the values in memory. The
`framestore board contains the A/D converters which digitize these signals and store the values in memory. The
`memory contents are converted back to analog luminance and color difference signals. The analog video board
`memory contents are converted back to analog luminance and color difference signals. The analog video board
`converts these signals to the NTSC composite and RGB analog video output signals.
`converts these signals to the NTSC composite and RGB analog video output signals.
`
`VIDEO
`VIDEO
`SOURCE
`SOURCE
`
`I
`
`1
`
`USER
`USER
`CONTROLS
`CONTROLS
`
`1
`
`e
`
`_R^
`R-Y
`-22-*
`B-Y
`+-1—
`Y
`+ *±-
`R-Y
`- B-Y
`B-Y
`
`IMAGE
`IMAGE
`BUFFER
`BUFFER
`COMPRESSED
`COMPRESSED
`IMAGE
`IMAGE
`FRAMESTORE
`FRAMESTORE
`
`ANALOG
`ANALOG
`VIDEO
`VIDEO
`
`1
`
`VIDEO
`VIDEO
`DISPLAY
`DISPLAY
`
`COMPUTER
`COMPUTER
`BOARD
`BOARD
`
`1
`RS-232 Port
`RS -232 Port
`
`TELEPHONE
`TELEPHONE
`SET
`SET
`
`TELEPHONE
`TELEPHONE
`LINE
`LINE
`
`The computer board contains the microprocessor which controls the operation of the transceiver. User controls
`The computer board contains the microprocessor which controls the operation of the transceiver. User controls
`and the RS-232 serial port for the external computer interface provide the inputs and outputs to and from the
`and the RS -232 serial port for the external computer interface provide the inputs and outputs to and from the
`microprocessor. The microprocessor along with a digital signal processor execute the compression algorithm on the
`microprocessor. The microprocessor along with a digital signal processor execute the compression algorithm on the
`image data in the framestore and store the compressed image data in memory. These two processors also perform the
`image data in the framestore and store the compressed image data in memory. These two processors also perform the
`expansion algorithm on the compressed image data and store the resulting image data in the framestore. The computer
`expansion algorithm on the compressed image data and store the resulting image data in the framestore. The computer
`board also contains the channel coder which is used to control the operation of the internal modem and detect errors
`board also contains the channel coder which is used to control the operation of the internal modem and detect errors
`during the transmission of the image.
`during the transmission of the image.
`
`The modem board supports four different data rates; 9600,7200,4800, & 2400 bps. In addition to the interface
`The modem board supports four different data rates; 9600, 7200, 4800, & 2400 bps. In addition to the interface
`to the channel coder on the computer board, the modem has an interface to the microprocessor which is used to
`to the channel coder on the computer board, the modem has an interface to the microprocessor which is used to
`configure the modem to the different data rates and obtain diagnostic information from the modem;
`configure the modem to the different data rates and obtain diagnostic information from the modem.
`
`In order to meet FCC requirements for connection to the telephone network, the modem board is isolated from
`In order to meet FCC requirements for connection to the telephone network, the modem board is isolated from
`
`SPIE Vol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989) / 239
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`the telephone line by the DAA (Data Access Arrangement) board,
`The DAA board also provides capability for
`the telephone line by the DAA (Data Access Arrangement) board. The DAA board also provides capability for
`auto-dialling and auto-answer.
`auto -dialling and auto-answer.
`
`41 FRAMESTORE ABLEIMMLEE
`4^ FRAMESTORE ARCHITECTURE
`
`The framestore is organized as luminance and color difference samples in order to take advantage of the human
`The framestore is organized as luminance and color difference samples in order to take advantage of the human
`visual system. The human visual system is more sensitive to detail in luminance, or black and white, than it is in
`visual system. The human visual system is more sensitive to detail in luminance, or black and white, than it is in
`chrominance. For this reason, the color difference signals are sampled at the rate of 128 samples per line of video,
`chrominance. For this reason, the color difference signals are sampled at the rate of 128 samples per line of video,
`while the luminance signal has 512 samples per line. This scheme is similar to the bandwidth of the Y, I and Q
`while the luminance signal has 512 samples per line. This scheme is similar to the bandwidth of the Y, I and Q
`signals which make up the standard NTSC composite video signal. All three video signals have vertical resolution of
`signals which make up the standard NTSC composite video signal. All three video signals have vertical resolution of
`S12 lines, although the color difference samples are averaged and subsampled vertically to a resolution of 128 lines by
`512 lines, although the color difference samples are averaged and subsampled vertically to a resolution of 128 lines by
`the microprocessor before being compressed.
`the microprocessor before being compressed.
`
`Luminance
`Luminance
`..........
`
`ti LvS,
`
`A
`
`Chrominance
`Chrominance
`B-Y
`R-Y
`B-Y
`R -Y
`
`Compressed
`Compressed
`Image
`Image
`Buffer
`Buffer
`
`512
`512
`
`L
`
`I--512
`
`L 128-1
`
`L 128-1
`
`L- 256---I
`
`256 I
`
`The framestore board, which has a total capacity of 512 kbytes, includes memory space for the compressed
`The framestore board, which has a total capacity of 512 kbytes, includes memory space for the compressed
`image data. The original uncompressed image occupies 384 kbytes of memory, therefore 128 kbytes are available to
`image data. The original uncompressed image occupies 384 kbytes of memory, therefore 128 kbytes are available to
`be used as the compressed image buffer.
`be used as the compressed image buffer.
`
`The device used to control the video display and dynamic memory of the framestore allows the host
`The device used to control the video display and dynamic memory of the framestore allows the host
`microprocessor to directly address all the framestore memory locations or indirectly address the framestore by
`microprocessor to directly address all the framestore memory locations or indirectly address the framestore by
`automatically adjusting the address during each access to the framestore for the next access. This indirect method is
`automatically adjusting the address during each access to the framestore for the next access. This indirect method is
`very useful in high-speed data transfers to and from the framestore.
`very useful in high -speed data transfers to and from the framestore.
`
`240 /SPIEVol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989)
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`5) COMPRESSION ALGORITHM
`5) COMPRESSION ALGORITHM
`
`The image compression algorithm is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform. A 16 x 16 block of image data
`The image compression algorithm is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform. A 16 x 16 block of image data
`is used as the input to the discrete cosine transform. This 16 x 16 block can either represent original image data, or it
`is used as the input to the discrete cosine transform. This 16 x 16 block can either represent original image data, or it
`can be the result of a 64 x 64 block of image data that has been averaged and subsampled. The discrete cosine
`can be the result of a 64 x 64 block of image data that has been averaged and subsampled. The discrete cosine
`transform is used to reduce the correlation between pixels, it can be quickly executed, and it avoids the spurious
`transform is used to reduce the correlation between pixels, it can be quickly executed, and it avoids the spurious
`spectral components associated with a Discrete Fourier Transform.
`spectral components associated with a Discrete Fourier Transform.
`
`DISCRETE
`COSINE
`TRANSFORM
`
`IMAGE
`IMAGE
`COMPRESSION
`COMPRESSION
`ALGORITHM
`ALGORITHM
`
`HUFFMAN
`ENCODING
`
`ZIG-ZAG
`SCAN
`
`ADAPTIVE
`NORMALIZATION
`
`RUN-LENGTH
`ENCODING
`
`QUANTIZATION
`
`The results of the transform, which are coefficients representing the spatial energy within the block, are then
`The results of the transform, which are coefficients representing the spatial energy within the block, are then
`scanned into a one-dimensional array so that the first term represents the lowest spatial frequency and the last term
`scanned into a one -dimensional array so that the first term represents the lowest spatial frequency and the last term
`represents the highest spatial frequency.
`represents the highest spatial frequency.
`
`These coefficients are then normalized using an adaptive normalization process developed by Majid Rabbani and
`These coefficients are then normalized using an adaptive normalization process developed by Majid Rabbani and
`Scott Daly in the Kodak Research Labs. The normalization process is done for two reasons: 1) reduce the values of
`Scott Daly in the Kodak Research Labs. The normalization process is done for two reasons: 1) reduce the values of
`the coefficients to a smaller range for subsequent Huffman encoding; 2) create strings of very small coefficients which
`the coefficients to a smaller range for subsequent Huffman encoding; 2) create strings of very small coefficients which
`can be set to zero for run-length encoding. This adaptive normalization process takes into account the human visual
`can be set to zero for run -length encoding. This adaptive normalization process takes into account the human visual
`system and is designed to be a single-pass algorithm which is necessary for it to be executed as fast as possible. The
`system and is designed to be a single -pass algorithm which is necessary for it to be executed as fast as possible. The
`artifacts caused by this process are distributed so that they are less visible or invisible to the observer by introducing
`artifacts caused by this process are distributed so that they are less visible or invisible to the observer by introducing
`more distortion in areas where it will be less noticeable. The normalized coefficients are quantized to the nearest
`more distortion in areas where it will be less noticeable. The normalized coefficients are quantized to the nearest
`integer.
`integer.
`
`Up to this point no compression has been accomplished. It is in the following steps that the compression
`It is in the following steps that the compression
`Up to this point no compression has been accomplished.
`occurs. The strings of zero coefficients are run-length encoded, and finally the nonzero coefficients and run-length
`occurs. The strings of zero coefficients are run -length encoded, and finally the nonzero coefficients and run -length
`values are Huffman encoded using a look-up table developed in the Kodak Research Labs to be optimized for values
`values are Huffman encoded using a look -up table developed in the Kodak Research Labs to be optimized for values
`obtained from continuous-tone color images.
`obtained from continuous -tone color images.
`
`SPIE Vol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989) / 241
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`6^ COMPRESSION/EXPANSION HARDWARE
`6) COMPRESSION/EXPANSION HARDWARE
`
`The TMS32020 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is used as a parallel-processing element on the computer
`The TMS32020 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is used as a parallel- processing element on the computer
`board. It performs a portion of the image compression/expansion algorithm while the microprocessor performs the
`board. It performs a portion of the image compression/expansion algorithm while the microprocessor performs the
`remaining portion of the algorithm.
`remaining portion of the algorithm.
`
`This is accomplished by using a dual-port memory , thereby allowing both processors simultaneous access to
`This is accomplished by using a dual -port memory , thereby allowing both processors simultaneous access to
`the data memory. The memory is divided into two blocks which are alternately accessed by the DSP and
`the data memory. The memory is divided into two blocks which are alternately accessed by the DSP and
`microprocessor in an alternating manner. While the microprocessor operates on the second half of the memory, the
`microprocessor in an alternating manner. While the microprocessor operates on the second half of the memory, the
`DSP works on the first half. When the microprocessor has finished with the second half, it proceeds to the first half
`DSP works on the first half. When the microprocessor has finished with the second half, it proceeds to the first half
`where the DSP has placed its resulting values. Meanwhile, the DSP operates on the data of the second block.
`where the DSP has placed its resulting values. Meanwhile, the DSP operates on the data of the second block.
`
`DUAL-PORT
`DUAL -PORT
`MEMORY
`MEMORY
`
`DSP
`DSP
`ADDRESS
`ADDRESS
`BUS
`BUS
`
`DSP
`DATA BUS
`
`TMS32020
`DIGITAL
`SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR
`
`FRAMESTORE
`
`This switching back and forth is repeated until the entire image is processed. A single memory location is
`This switching back and forth is repeated until the entire image is processed. A single memory location is
`defined for each block as the communication link between the two processors. Writing to its location allows the
`defined for each block as the communication link between the two processors. Writing to its location allows the
`microprocessor to instruct the DSP as to which operation should be performed, and the DSP notifies the
`microprocessor to instruct the DSP as to which operation should be performed, and the DSP notifies the
`microprocessor it has completed its processing on the block by writing to its location.
`microprocessor it has completed its processing on the block by writing to its location.
`
`1} COMPRESSION RATIO/TRANSMISSION TIME
`7) COMPRESSION RATIO/ TRANSMISSION TIME
`
`If the image was stored as red, green and blue (RGB) with 512 samples per line in all three colors, and the
`If the image was stored as red, green and blue (RGB) with 512 samples per line in all three colors, and the
`vertical resolution was 512 lines of video, the digital image would require 786,432 bytes for memory space. This
`vertical resolution was 512 lines of video, the digital image would require 786,432 bytes for memory space. This
`assumes each sample has 8 bits per pixel which is equivalent to a bit rate of 24 bits per pixel. The stored image in
`assumes each sample has 8 bits per pixel which is equivalent to a bit rate of 24 bits per pixel. The stored image in
`the transceiver only requires 393,216 bytes, but only 294,912 bytes are used since the color difference samples are
`the transceiver only requires 393,216 bytes, but only 294,912 bytes are used since the color difference samples are
`subsampled and averaged vertically. Therefore, the architecture of the framestore has already provided a 2.7:1
`subsampled and averaged vertically. Therefore, the architecture of the framestore has already provided a 2.7:1
`compression ratio relative to the original RGB image. The compression algorithm typically provides a compression
`compression ratio relative to the original RGB image. The compression algorithm typically provides a compression
`ratio of 6:1, which gives a total compression ratio relative to the RGB image of 16:1. In other words, the resulting
`ratio of 6:1, which gives a total compression ratio relative to the RGB image of 16:1. In other words, the resulting
`bit rate of the compressed jmage is 1.5 bits per pixel. Therefore, a typical compressed image requires 48k bytes of
`bit rate of the compressed image is 1.5 bits per pixel. Therefore, a typical compressed image requires 48k bytes of
`memory space.
`memory space.
`
`It should be pointed out that the compression algorithm will result in a compressed image size and bit rate that
`It should be pointed out that the compression algorithm will result in a compressed image size and bit rate that
`is dependent on the amount of spatial frequency information contained in the image. Images with more detail will
`is dependent on the amount of spatial frequency information contained in the image. Images with more detail will
`have a higher bit rate.
`have a higher bit rate.
`
`If the original RGB image was sent at 1200 bps, the transmission time would be 90 minutes. Increasing the
`If the original RGB image was sent at 1200 bps, the transmission time would be 90 minutes. Increasing the
`
`242 / SPIEVol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989)
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`data rate to 9600 bps would lower that time to 11 minutes. Using the framestore architecture and image compression
`data rate to 9600 bps would lower that time to 11 minutes. Using the framestore architecture and image compression
`algorithm of the SV9600 transceiver will lower that time to just 41 seconds !!!!
`algorithm of the SV9600 transceiver will lower that time to just 41 seconds !!!!
`
`8^ COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
`8) COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
`
`The Intel 8274 Serial Communication Controller is used to control the operation of the internal modem, and
`The Intel 8274 Serial Communication Controller is used to control the operation of the internal modem, and
`check for errors on the data received by the transceiver. A variation of the bit-oriented SDLC, Synchronous Data Link
`check for errors on the data received by the transceiver. A variation of the bit -oriented SDLC, Synchronous Data Link
`Control, protocol is used which sends data in frames with a check sum added for error detection. The 8274
`Control, protocol is used which sends data in frames with a check sum added for error detection. The 8274
`automatically generates the check sum for each frame of data at the transmitting unit, and the 8274 at the receiving
`automatically generates the check sum for each frame of data at the transmitting unit, and the 8274 at the receiving
`unit uses this check sum to verify the integrity of the received frame of data. If errors are detected, the 8274 notifies
`unit uses this check sum to verify the integrity of the received frame of data. If errors are detected, the 8274 notifies
`the microprocessor, which will then send a message to the transmitting unit to resend that particular frame of data.
`the microprocessor, which will then send a message to the transmitting unit to resend that particular frame of data.
`
`The Modem Board is a synchronous serial 9600 bps (CCITT Recommendations V.29) modem that is designed
`The Modem Board is a synchronous serial 9600 bps (CCITT Recommendations V.29) modem that is designed
`for half-duplex operation over the public switched telephone network. Fallback configurations compatible with
`for half -duplex operation over the public switched telephone network. Fallback configurations compatible with
`CCITT Recommendations V.29 for 7200 and 4800 bps and V.27ter for 2400 bps are used on telephone lines that
`CCITT Recommendations V.29 for 7200 and 4800 bps and V.27ter for 2400 bps are used on telephone lines that
`cannot support 9600 bps.
`cannot support 9600 bps.
`
`A microprocessor interface is provided so the microprocessor can access registers which are on the modem.
`A microprocessor interface is provided so the microprocessor can access registers which are on the modem.
`Diagnostic information relating to the quality of the telephone line is provided by reading data from these registers.
`Diagnostic information relating to the quality of the telephone line is provided by reading data from these registers.
`The data rate of the modem, its transmit level, equalizers and other parameters are changed by writing to these
`The data rate of the modem, its transmit level, equalizers and other parameters are changed by writing to these
`registers.
`registers.
`
`The DAA, Data Access Arrangement, Board is included to interface between the modem and the public dial-up
`The DAA, Data Access Arrangement, Board is included to interface between the modem and the public dial -up
`telephone network. The DAA Board is designed so that the transceiver will meet FCC (Federal Communications
`telephone network. The DAA Board is designed so that the transceiver will meet FCC (Federal Communications
`Commission) and Canada's DOC (Department of Communications) regulations for devices connected to the telephone
`Commission) and Canada's DOC (Department of Communications) regulations for devices connected to the telephone
`network. It also allows the user to connect a telephone set to the transceiver so that voice conversation can be
`It also allows the user to connect a telephone set to the transceiver so that voice conversation can be
`network.
`maintained while a transmission is not taking place. The DAA board also provides for auto-dial and auto-answer
`maintained while a transmission is not taking place. The DAA board also provides for auto -dial and auto- answer
`features.
`features.
`
`MODEM BOARD
`MODEM BOARD
`\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
`\
`\
`
`Tel
`Tel
`Set
`
`o-t\/
`
`DAA
`Board
`
`SPIEVol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989) / 243
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`i5
`
`Serial
`Serial
`Communication
`Communication
`Controller
`Controller
`
`INTEL
`8274
`
`RTS
`RTS
`CTS
`TXD
`TXC
`CD
`RXD
`RXC
`
`^
`^
`^
`^
`*
`
`*
`
`*
`
`Control
`Control
`
`Tel
`Tel
`^ine
`I
`Line
`
`Modem
`Modem
`9600,7200,
`9600,7200,
`4800,2400bps
`4800,2400bps
`
`TXA
`
`RXA
`RXA
`
`ssass^^
`
`^i
`1s
`
`S
`
`6
`
`

`

`9^ COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
`9) COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
`
`The image communication protocol consists of three main phases: the Handshake Phase, the Training Phase,
`The image communication protocol consists of three main phases: the Handshake Phase, the Training Phase,
`and the Image Data Transfer Phase.
`and the Image Data Transfer Phase.
`
`SENDING UNIT
`SENDING UNIT
`
`RECEIVING UNIT
`RECEIVING UNIT
`
`HANDSHAKE _411,
`HANDSHAKE
`PACKET
`PACKET 4
`
`HANDSHAKE
`HANDSHAKE
`RESPONSE
`RESPONSE
`
`Handshake
`Handshake
`Phase
`Phase
`
`Training
`Training
`Phase
`Phase
`
`Image
`Image
`Data
`Data
`Transfer
`Transfer
`Phase
`Phase
`
`COMMAND TO
`COMMAND TO
`RECEIVE
`RECEIVE
`TRAINING
`TRAINING
`PACKET
`PACKET
`
`IMAGE DATA _
`IMAGE DATA
`
`IMAGE DATA --IN*
`IMAGE DATA
`41---
`
`IMAGE DATA __op.
`TMAGE DATA
`
`IMAGE DATA -
`IMAGE DATA
`4
`DISCONNECT -O.
`DISCONNECT
`
`CONFIRM TO
`CONFIRM TO
`RECEIVE
`RECEIVE
`
`PACKET
`PACKET
`RESPONSE
`RESPONSE
`
`PACKET
`PACKET
`RESPONSE
`RESPONSE
`
`PACKET
`PACKET
`RESPONSE
`RESPONSE
`
`PACKET
`PACKET
`RESPONSE
`RESPONSE
`
`During the Handshake Phase, the sending unit sends a handshake message at 2400 bps to the receiving unit to
`During the Handshake Phase, the sending unit sends a handshake message at 2400 bps to the receiving unit to
`notify it that an image transfer is being attempted. This causes the receiving unit to automatically switch from voice
`notify it that an image transfer is being attempted. This causes the receiving unit to automatically switch from voice
`mode to data mode. The receiving unit includes capability/version information in its handshake response message
`mode to data mode. The receiving unit includes capability /version information in its handshake response message
`which is also sent at 2400 bps.
`which is also sent at 2400 bps.
`
`After the receiving unit responds to the handshake message, the sending unit sends a command to receive
`After the receiving unit responds to the handshake message, the sending unit sends a command to receive
`message at 2400 bps followed by a training sequence at 9600 bps. If the receiving unit determines the telephone line
`message at 2400 bps followed by a training sequence at 9600 bps. If the receiving unit determines the telephone line
`condition will not support that data rate, it responds accordingly with a failure to train message at 2400 bps and the
`condition will not support that data rate, it responds accordingly with a failure to train message at 2400 bps and the
`process is repeated at a slower data rate until the receiving unit decides the particular data is acceptable. The receiving
`process is repeated at a slower data rate until the receiving unit decides the particular data is acceptable. The receiving
`unit then responds with a confirm to receive message at 2400 bps.
`unit then responds with a confirm to receive message at 2400 bps.
`
`After the receiving unit selects a data rate, the transfer of image data is begun. Image data is sent at the selected
`After the receiving unit selects a data rate, the transfer of image data is begun. Image data is sent at the selected
`data rate in packets which consist of several frames of compressed image data. The receiving unit will send a response
`data rate in packets which consist of several frames of compressed image data. The receiving unit will send a response
`at 2400 bps for each packet indicating if any of the frames within the packet need to be resent because errors were
`at 2400 bps for each packet indicating if any of the frames within the packet need to be resent because errors were
`
`244 /SPIEVol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989)
`244 / SPIE Vol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989)
`
`7
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`detected within the frame. The sending unit will include these frames in the next packet of frames. Because of the
`detected within the frame. The sending unit will include these frames in the next packet of frames. Because of the
`telephone line turnaround time involved in a half-duplex communication protocol, the amount of data included in each
`telephone line turnaround time involved in a half- duplex communication protocol, the amount of data included in each
`frame and packet for each data rate is selected to optimize the throughput on both good and poor telephone line
`frame and packet for each data rate is selected to optimize the throughput on both good and poor telephone line
`conditions. This process continues until all the data has been correctly received. The sending unit sends a disconnect
`conditions. This process continues until all the data has been correctly received. The sending unit sends a disconnect
`message at 2400 bps to notify the receiving unit that another image will not be sent and the telephone line can be
`message at 2400 bps to notify the receiving unit that another image will not be sent and the telephone line can be
`released for voice communications.
`released for voice communications.
`
`10^ APPLICATIONS
`10) APPLICATIONS
`
`The S V9600 transceiver is intended primarily for commercial and industrial applications in the US and Canada
`The SV9600 transceiver is intended primarily for commercial and industrial applications in the US and Canada
`only, although successful transmissions have been completed between the US and England. The S V9600 is currently
`only, although successful transmissions have been completed between the US and England. The SV9600 is currently
`being marketed, and listed below are some of the applications that have been developed with the Kodak S V9600 Still
`being marketed, and listed below are some of