`
`Pointandshoot camera
`
`Pointandshoot camera Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`A pointandshoot camera, also called a compact camera, is a still
`camera designed primarily for simple operation.[1] Most use focus
`free lenses or autofocus for focusing, automatic systems for setting
`the exposure options, and have flash units built in.
`
`Pointandshoots are by far the best selling type of separate camera,
`as distinct from camera phones. They are popular with people who
`do not consider themselves photographers but want an easy to use
`camera for snapshots of vacations, parties, reunions and other
`events. Pointandshoot camera sales declined after about 2010 as
`smartphones overtook them in such uses.
`
`The term "pointandshoot" is also used for some camcorders,
`particularly inexpensive digital models based on MiniDV or DVD
`media, to describe fully automatic operation (autofocus, automatic
`gain control and white balance, etc.) with minimal operator
`interaction except for zoom control and recording buttons.
`
`Contents
`
`1 As distinct from SLR
`2 Camera types
`3 Sales decline
`4 Film types
`5 Name confusion
`6 References
`7 See also
`
`As distinct from SLR
`
`A digital pointandshoot camera
`made by Canon
`
`A film pointandshoot camera made
`by Yashica
`
`Pointandshoot cameras are distinguished from singlelens reflex cameras (SLRs) in several respects:
`pointandshoot film cameras, and many digital ones, use a viewfinder. The image that the photographer
`sees is not the same image that passes through the primary lens of the camera (that is, the lens that projects
`the image onto the film or, in the case of digital cameras, the image sensor). Rather, the image in the
`viewfinder passes through a separate lens.[2] SLRs, on the other hand, have only one lens, and a mirror
`diverts the image from the lens into the viewfinder; that mirror then retracts when the picture is taken so
`that the image can be recorded on the film or sensor. With this mechanism, pictures cannot be previewed on
`the LCD screens of most digital SLRs, although some manufacturers have found a way around this
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`limitation. Digital cameras obviate the need for the SLR design to some degree, as the camera's LCD image
`is obtained through the lens, not a separate viewfinder. Many newer and smaller digital pointandshoots
`omit the optical viewfinder.
`
`With SLR cameras, it is important that the image in the viewfinder be the same image recorded by the film
`or sensor, so that the effect of the addon lenses and filters can be seen by the photographer. Pointand
`shoot cameras generally don't have such addon devices, hence there is no such need.
`
`The size limitations of compact and ultracompact cameras, including digital ones, encourage the
`occurrence of photographic orbs — unexpected, typically circular artifacts that occur in flash photographs
`— where the short distance between the lens and the builtin flash decreases the angle of light reflection to
`the lens, directly illuminating the aspect of the normally subvisible particles facing the lens and increasing
`the camera's ability to capture the light reflected off the particles.[3]
`Camera types
`
`The lowestend pointandshoot film cameras are similar to disposable
`cameras, but can be reloaded. These cameras have focusfree lenses, with
`fixed apertures. They may or may not have a light meter. Most have a wheel
`or lever for advancing the film and cocking the shutter, and a crank for
`returning the film to the canister for unloading. Because of the fixed
`apertures, models with flash have no way of controlling the exposure from
`the flash. Therefore flash pictures have to be taken within a narrow range of
`distance from the subject.
`
`Advanced models use automatic focus and have variable apertures. They all
`have light meters. They use electric motors to advance and rewind the film.
`They are much more versatile than the lowend models. They are also likely
`to have zoom lenses, more advanced autofocus systems, exposure systems
`with manual controls, larger apertures and sharper lenses. They may have
`special lamps or preflash systems designed to reduce red eye in flash
`pictures of people.
`
`Compact superzoom cameras or travel zoom cameras have zoom up to 30x,
`still shorter zoom than current bridge cameras, but more compact than bulky
`DSLRshape bridge cameras, and both usually use 1/2.3" sensor.[4]
`
`Pointandshoot camera
`using live preview for a
`picture in a church in
`Norway
`
`Not including digital backs, the first digital cameras were of this type, with DSLRs coming later. The image
`sensor used in digital pointandshoots tends to be much smaller than their DSLR counterparts, but a small
`number of recent models have included larger Four Thirds system and APSC sensors.[5] In early 2013 at
`least four major camera makers made compact cameras with APSC sensor and prime lens,[6] and at the end
`of 2013 there were some full frame pointandshoot cameras. The noninterchangeable lenses allow the
`coverage of the lens to be matched to the sensor, an advantage given the nonstandardization of sensor
`sizes. Low end digital cameras lacking zoom, autofocus and flash are less common, their niche having been
`taken by camera phones.
`Sales decline
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`According to the NPD Group, up to end of November 2011 pointandshoot cameras took 44 percent of
`photos, down from 52 percent in 2010, while cameraequipped smartphones took 27 percent of photos in
`2011, up from 17 percent. Unit total sales of all types of pointandshoot cameras declined by 17 percent
`year on year, but increased by 16 percent for cameras having optical zoom greater than 10x.[7] At the end of
`2012, more than one brand have released pointandshoot cameras with 24x optical superzoom[8] as
`compensation of sales decline and at the end of 2013 there were 30x optical pointandshoot cameras.
`
`P&S camera sales dropped by about 40 percent in year 2013 particularly inexpensive cameras, so Fujifilm
`and Olympus have stopped development of lowend P&S cameras and focused to develop mid and high
`end cameras with more added value.[9]
`Film types
`
`Most filmbased pointandshoots made after the late 1980s use 35mm film. In the 1980s, 35mm was seen
`as a "professional" format due to the relative difficulty of loading and rewinding the film versus cartridge
`based formats such as 110 or disc film. The key innovations that made 35mm pointandshoot cameras
`possible were automatic film loading and automatic advance and rewind. Advanced Photo System film was
`mildly popular in the 1990s. 126 film was also popular during the 1970s.
`Name confusion
`
`The terms "point and shoot" and "compact camera" are used differently in different parts of the world. In
`the UK pointandshoot predominantly means a fully automatic camera, regardless of size or shape. A
`"compact camera" on the other hand, has a small body, regardless of any fully automatic capabilities. Thus
`a DSLR can have pointandshoot modes, and some compact cameras are not designed for point and shoot
`operation, with the equivalent controls to a DSLR.
`
`The use of "pointandshoot" to mean a small or compact camera regardless of automation capabilities has
`long been predominant in the US, and in the 21st century it began spreading elsewhere.
`
`Since 2012, the term of 'Compact System Camera' is frequently use, but it is a mirrorless interchangeable
`lens camera with various sensor sizes, smaller compact body than DSLR, but has capabilities near, same or
`even better than DSLRs.[10]
`References
`
`1. ^ Brittanica Article (http://www.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/27200012/GETTHEPICTURE#)
`2. ^ http://www.wujimedia.com/2009/11/pointandshootvdslrcamerasparti/
`3. ^ "The Truth Behind 'Orbs' " (http://www.ghostgadgets.com/_knowledge/orbs.html).
`4. ^ Joshua Goldman. "Compact megazooms compared (roundup)" (http://www.cnet.com/news/compact
`megazoomscomparedroundup/). Retrieved April 29, 2014.
`5. ^ "Enggan bikin mirrorless, Canon hadirkan Powershot G1 X" (http://kamerague.web.id/2012/01/20/enggan
`bikinmirrorlesscanonhadirkanpowershotg1x/). January 20, 2012.
`6. ^ "Nikon Coolpix A Handson Preview" (http://www.dpreview.com/previews/nikoncoolpixa). Retrieved
`
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`March 16, 2013.
`7. ^ "Smartphones killing pointandshoots, now take almost 1/3 of photos"
`(http://gigaom.com/2011/12/22/smartphoneskillingpointandshootsnowtakealmost13ofphotos/). December
`22, 2011.
`8. ^ "Top 10 Best Pocket Zoom Digital Cameras" (http://www.ephotozine.com/article/top10bestpocketzoom
`digitalcameras19720). November 26, 2012.
`9. ^ Reiji Yoshida (Dec 30, 2013). "Mirrorless cameras offer glimmer of hope to makers"
`(http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/12/30/business/mirrorlesscamerasofferglimmerofhopetomakers/).
`Retrieved December 31, 2013.
`10. ^ Martin Bailey. "What is a compact system camera?" (http://www.techradar.com/news/photographyvideo
`capture/cameras/whatisacompactsystemcamera1031090). Retrieved February 27, 2014.
`See also
`
`Digital photography
`Electronic viewfinder
`System camera
`
`Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Point
`andshoot_camera&oldid=628204223"
`
`Categories: Cameras by type Digital cameras
`
`Wikimedia Commons has
`media related to compact
`cameras.
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`This page was last modified on 4 October 2014 at 13:15.
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