`It doesn't matter -
`look inside!
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`Through crystal-dear definitions of up-to-the-minute
`categories, Webster's New UiJrld Computer Dictionary, Ninth
`Edition remains the best computer reference you can buy.
`
`from Gnutella,
`With over 4,500 comprehensive entries -
`Python, and multiple matrix skinning to SOAP, WAP, and
`XHTML -
`this book covers it all. Whether you're curious
`about how to pronounce C# or simply wondering what
`Bluetooth means, the answers are just inside. This fully
`revised edition includes coverage of the Internet, from
`Advanced Encryption Standard to Napster, as well as compre(cid:173)
`hensive coverage of intellectual property and timecode editing.
`In addition, extensive cross-references lead you to related
`topics of interest.
`
`So get all the information you need - with the
`expanded Webster's New World Computer Dictionary,
`Ninth Edition- right at your fingertips!
`
`Bryan Pfaffenberger, PhD, author of HTML 4 Bible and more
`than 75 books on personal computing, teaches technical writing
`and the sociology of technology at the University ofVirginia's
`Division ofTechnology, Culture, and Communication.
`
`ISBN 0-7645-6325-4
`
`A Webster's New World Book
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`Shelving Category: Computers
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`ISBN 0-7645-6325-4
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`Sony, Ex. 1022, p.1
`
`
`
`Webster's New Worldru Computer Dictionary, Ninth Edition
`
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`For .::Ju;zanme. always
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`-BP
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`Pfaffenberger is Associate Professor ofTechnology, Culture, and Communication
`University ofVirginia. An expert in explaining complex information technology to
`at
`the public, he is the author of more than 75 books on every aspect of computer and
`Internet technology.
`
`No work of this scope could have been undertaken without a great deal of help, and this
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`priately capitalized. Hungry Minds, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information.
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`Sony, Ex. 1022, p.2
`
`
`
`talk hierarchy
`
`conversations with other system users
`while they are online.
`
`In Usenet, one of the
`talk hierarchy
`seven standard newsgroup hierarchies. The
`talk newsgroups are expressly devoted to
`controversial topics and are often charac(cid:173)
`terized by acrimonious debate. Topics
`covered include abortion, drugs, and gun
`control. See Usenet.
`
`tape A strip of thin plastic coated with a
`magnetically sensitive recording medium.
`In mainframe computing and minicomput(cid:173)
`ing, tape is widely used as a backup
`medium. Thanks to a dramatic price drop
`in cartridge tape backup units, tape has
`become increasingly common in personal
`computing for backing up entire hard
`drives. See backup procedure, backup utility,
`quarter-inch cartridge (QIC), random access,
`sequential access, tape backup unit.
`
`tape backup unit A device that reads
`and writes data on a magnetically sensitive
`tape. Tape backup units are useful for per(cid:173)
`forming backups on hard disks-thus
`protecting data from loss by accidental
`erasure--and for storing important but
`rarely needed data that would otherwise
`take up space on a hard disk. Quarter-inch
`cartridge (QIC) tape drives are the most
`common tape backup units for personal
`computers.
`
`tape drive See tape backup unit.
`
`tar A standard file archive utility in Unix
`and Unix-like operating systems (including
`Linux)that does not offer compression ser(cid:173)
`vices.Mter they are created, tar archives are
`generally compressed using the Unix com(cid:173)
`press (.Z extension) or gzip (.gz extension)
`utilities, resulting in compound extensions
`such as tar.Z or tar.gz. See archive, compres(cid:173)
`sion,gzip.
`
`Targa A graphics file format developed
`by Truevision for Targa and Vista graphics
`n-rr..rl11rt(,; -:lnrl nrn.xr '\xrirlPhr n~Pil ~~ ::1 ~t::~nc1:.:.rcl
`
`file format for high-end graphics output
`(such as rendering and ray tracing). Targa
`files, with the extension .TGA, can have a
`color depth of up to 32 bits for certain pur(cid:173)
`poses, although the most common color
`depth is 24 bits, providing more than 16
`million colors.
`
`In Microsoft Windows, an appli(cid:173)
`taskbar
`cation launcher and task switcher that (by
`default) remains visible at the bottom of
`the screen. Mter launching a program with
`the Start menu, the program's task button
`appears on the taskbar, allowing the user to
`switch to it by clicking the button.
`
`In Microsoft Windows, a
`task button
`button that appears on the taskbar after an
`application program is launched. The user
`can switch to the application by clicking
`the task button.
`
`Tel An interpreted scnptmg language
`that
`is
`now maintained by Sun
`Microsystems. Used primarily on Unix and
`Linux systems, Tel includes a graphical user
`interface toolkit that enables developers to
`create simple GUI applications in short
`order. See Perl, Python, scripting language.
`
`TCM See trellis-code modulation.
`
`for Tjanstemannens
`TCO Acronym
`Centralorganisation, the Swedish Confed(cid:173)
`eration
`of Professional Employees
`(Sweden's largest white-collar labor union).
`In monitors, TCO is known for its very
`stringent regulations regarding electromag(cid:173)
`netic radiation-even stricter than MPR II
`rules. Not many TCO-certified monitors
`are available in the United States, but the
`TCO standards are the toughest in the
`world.
`
`TCP Acronym for Transmission Control
`Protocol. On the Internet, the protocol
`(standard)
`that permits
`two Internet(cid:173)
`connected computers to establish a reliable
`connection. TCP ensures reliable data
`clt>livt>rv with a method known as oositive
`
`retransmission
`acknowledgment with
`(PAR). The computer that sends the data
`continues to do so until it receives a con(cid:173)
`firmation from the receiving computer that
`the data has been received intact. See
`Internet Protocol (IP), TCPIIP
`
`TCP /IP Abbreviation for Transmission
`Control
`Protocol/Internet
`Protocol
`(TCPIIP), and a commonly used phrase to
`refer to the entire Internet protocol suite.
`By far the most widely used suite of net(cid:173)
`working protocols, TCP liP is the leading
`packet switching technology. It provides
`the technical foundation for the public
`Internet as well as for large numbers of pri(cid:173)
`vate networks (called internets with a small
`"i" to distinguish them from the public
`Internet) that are not linked to the public
`Internet. The key achievement ofTCP liP
`is its flexibility with respect to lower-level
`protocols, which-in contrast to the design
`philosophy expressed in the OSI Reference
`Model-are not defined. As a result,
`TCP liP can work with a wide variety of
`physical media, including local area net(cid:173)
`works (LANs) such as Ethernets, frame
`relay, digital T1 and T3 backbones, fiber
`optic, packet radio, and many more.
`Although more than 100 protocols make
`up the entire TCP liP protocol suite, the
`two most important of these (TCP and IP)
`sum up
`the network's character; the
`Internet Protocol (IP) is a highly efficient
`connectionless protocol that is used unless
`the Transmission Control Protocol
`(TCP)-a connection-oriented protocol(cid:173)
`is needed so that data reception can be
`actively verified. See connectionless protocol,
`connection-oriented protocol, Ethernet, internet,
`Internet, Internet Protocol (IP), OSI Riference
`Model, TCP
`
`TCP /IP network A network that uses
`Internet technology and the TCP liP pro(cid:173)
`tocols, whether or not it is connected to
`the external Internet. The public Internet is
`indicated by spelling "Internet" with a cap(cid:173)
`ital I; private, TCP liP-based networks may
`
`also be called internets, but with a small
`initial "i." See Internet, TCP liP.
`
`TDMA Acronym for Time Division
`Multiple Access. One of two major proto(cid:173)
`cols (the other is CDMA) for digital
`cellular telephony. TDMA enables multiple
`callers to share the same channel by giving
`each phone a specified time slot in which it
`may transmit or receive. TDMA operates at
`800 MHz or 1900 MHz; when operating at
`the higher frequency, it enables Personal
`Communication Services (PCS) such as
`paging, text-based Internet access by means
`of the Wireless Applications Protocol
`(WAP), and voice mail.TDMA enables data
`communications at a transfer rate of 14.4
`Kbps. U.S. TDMA service providers
`include AT&TWireless and Nextel.A nar(cid:173)
`rowband version of the TDMA standard
`for Mobile
`called Global System
`Communications (GSM) is the de facto cel(cid:173)
`lular telephony standard in Europe and
`Asia, but it is not widely available in the
`U.S. GSM enables data communications at
`a transfer rate of9.6 Kbps. See CDMA, dig(cid:173)
`ital cellular phone, GSM.
`
`techie An often derogatory term for a
`programmer or other computer expert.
`Like "bit twiddler," "computer jock," and
`"computer nerd," the term sometimes con(cid:173)
`notes a lack of interpersonal skills.
`
`technical support Providing technical
`advice and problem-solving expertise to
`registered users of a hardware device or
`program.
`
`technobabble Technical jargon, espe(cid:173)
`cially when it is used excessively or vaguely
`for marketing purposes ("The new applica(cid:173)
`tion supports enterprise-wide object
`integration") or used metaphorically in
`noncomputer contexts ("The President is
`getting input from his advisors").
`
`technocentrism An overidentification
`with computer technology, often associated
`r
`r
`
`1
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`.1
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`1
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`___ : ..... L
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`_
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`-~---L"-
`
`Sony, Ex. 1022, p.3