Sony, Ex. 1025, p.1
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`Sony, Ex. 1025, p.1
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`

`
`Webster’s New World" Computer Dictionary, Ninth Edition
`
`Copyright © 2001 by Hungry I\/Iinds, Inc.
`
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`About the Author
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`Bryan Pfafienberger is Associate Professor ofTechnology, Culture, and Comrnunication
`at the University ofVirgin_ia.An expert in explaining complex information technology to
`the public, he is the author of more than 75 books on every aspect of computer and
`Internet technology
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`Acknowledgments
`No work of this scope could have been undertaken without a great deal of help, and this
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`Sony, EX. 1025, p.2
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`Sony, Ex. 1025, p.2
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`talk hierarchy
`
`360
`
`361
`
`technocentrism
`
`
`
`conversations with other system users
`while they are online.
`
`talk hierarchy In Usenet, one of the
`seven standard newsgroup hierarchies. The
`talk newsgroups are expressly devoted to
`controversial topics and are often charac-
`terized by acrimonious debate. Topics
`covered include abortion, drugs, and gun
`control. See Usenet.
`
`tape A strip of thin plastic coated with a
`magnetically sensitive recording medium.
`In mainframe computing and minieomput—
`ing,
`tape is widely used as
`a backup
`medium. Thanks to a dramatic price drop
`in cartridge tape backup units, tape has
`become increasingly common in personal
`computing for backing up entire hard
`drives. See backup procedure,
`lmcleup utility,
`quarter—i-nclt cartridge (QIC),
`random access,
`sequential access, tape backup unit.
`
`tape backup unit A device that reads
`and writes data on a magnetically sensitive
`tape. Tape backup units are useful for per-
`forming backups on hard disks~—thus
`protecting data from loss by accidental
`crasure—and for storing important but
`rarely needed data that would otherwise
`take up space on a hard disk. Quarter—inch
`cartridge (QIC) tape drives are the most
`common tape backup units for personal
`computers.
`
`tape drive
`
`See tape backup unit.
`
`tar A standard file archive utility in Unix
`and Unix—like operating systems (including
`Linnx)that does not oflbr compression ser—
`vices.After they are created, tar archives are
`generally compressed using the Unix com-
`press (.Z extension) or gzip (.gz extension)
`utilities, resulting in compound extensions
`such as tar.Z or tar.gz. See archive, compres-
`sion, gzip.
`
`Targa A graphics file format developed
`by Truevision for Targa and Vista graphics
`m-nrlnrrc anrl nrwv xxrirlelv need as a QTa1’1(l:l1'r‘l
`
`file format for high—end graphics output
`(such as rendering and ray tracing). Targa
`files, with the extension .TGA, can have a
`color depth of up to 32 bits for certain pur-
`poses, although the most common color
`depth is 24 bits, providing more than 16
`million colors.
`
`In Microsoft Windows, an appli-
`taskbar
`cation launcher and task switcher that (by
`default) remains visible at the bottom of
`the screen.After launching a program with
`the Start menu, the programs task button
`appears on the taskbar, allowing the user to
`switch to it by clicking the button.
`
`task button In Microsoft Windows, a
`button that appears on the taskbar after an
`application program is launched. The user
`can switch to the application by clicking
`the task button.
`
`interpreted scripting language
`Tcl Ari
`now maintained
`by
`Sun
`that
`is
`Microsystems. Used primarily on Unix and
`Linux systems,Tcl includes a graphical user
`interface toolkit that enables developers to
`* create simple GUI applications in short
`order. See Perl, Python, scripting language.
`
`TCM See trellii—cor7le modulation.
`
`TCO Acronym for Tjiinstemiinnens
`Centralorganisation, the Swedish Confed-
`eration
`of
`Professional
`Employees
`(Sweden’s largest white—collar labor union).
`In monitors, TCO is known for its very
`stringent regulations regarding electromag-
`netic radiation—even stricter than MPR II
`rules. Not many TCO—certified monitors
`are available in the United States, but the
`TCO standards are the toughest
`in the
`world.
`
`TCP Acronym for Transmission Control
`Protocol. On the Internet,
`the protocol
`(standard)
`that permits
`two Internet-
`connected computers to establish a reliable
`connection. TCP ensures
`reliable data
`rlnliverv with a method known as positive
`
`retransmission
`acknowledgment with
`(PAR). The computer that sends the data
`continues to do so until it receives a con-
`firmation from the receiving computer that
`the data has been received intact. See
`Internet Protocol (IP), TCP/IP.
`
`TCP/IP Abbreviation for Transmission
`Control
`Protocol/Internet
`Protocol
`(TCP/IP), and a commonly used phrase to
`refer to the entire Internet protocol suite.
`By far the most Widely used suite of net-
`working protocols, TCP/IP is the leading
`packet switching technology. It provides
`the technical foundation for the public
`Internet as well as for large numbers of pri-
`vate networks (called internets with a small
`“i” to distinguish them from the public
`Internet) that are not linked to the public
`Internet. The key achievement ofTCP/IP
`is its flexibility with respect to lowerAlevel
`protocols, which——in contrast to the design
`philosophy expressed in the OSI Reference
`Model—4are not defined. As
`a result,
`TCP/IP can work with a wide variety of
`physical media, including local area net-
`works (LANS) such as Ethernets, frame
`relay, digital T1 and T3 backbones, fiber
`optic, packet
`radio, and many more.
`Although more than 100 protocols make
`up the entire TCP/IP protocol suite, the
`two most important of these (TCP and IP)
`sum up the network’s character;
`the
`Internet Protocol (IP) is a highly eflicient
`conriectionless protocol that is used unless
`the Transmission Control
`Protocol
`(TCP)—a connection—oricnted protocol———
`is needed so that data reception can be
`actively verified. See connectionless protocol,
`connection-oriented protocol, Ethernet, Internet,
`Internet, Internet Protocol (IP), OSI'Rcference
`Il/Iodel, TCP.
`
`TCP/IP network A network that uses
`Internet technology and the TCP/IP pro-
`tocols, whether or not it is connected to
`the external Internet.The public Internet is
`indicated by spelling “Internet” with a cap-
`ital 1; private, TCP/IP—based networks may
`
`also be called internets, but with a small
`initial “i.” See lnternet,TCP/II’.
`
`TDMA Acronym for Time Division
`Miiltiple Access. Qne of two major proto-
`cols
`(the other is CDMA)
`for digital
`cellular telephony. TDMA enables multiple
`callers to share the same channel by giving
`each phone a specified time slot in which it
`may transmit or receive. TDMA operates at
`800 MHz or 1900 MHZ; when operating at
`the higher frequency, it enables Personal
`Communication Services (PCS) such as
`paging. text—based Internet access by means
`of the Wireless Applications Protocol
`(WAP), and voice mail. TDl\/LA enables data
`communications at a transfer rate of 14.4
`Kbps. U.S. TDMA service providers
`include AT&T‘ Wireless and Nextel. A nar—
`rowband version of the TDMA standard
`called Global
`System for Mobile
`Communications (GSM) is the Llefacto cel-
`lular
`telephony standard in Europe and
`Asia, but it is not widely available in the
`U. S. GSM enables data communications at
`a transfer rate of9.6 Kbps. See CDMA, dig-
`ital cellular phone, GSA/I,
`
`techie An often derogatory term for a
`programmer or other computer expert.
`Like “bit twiddler,” “computer jock,” and
`“computer nerd," the term sometimes con—
`notes a lack of interpersonal skills.
`
`technical support Providing technical
`advice and problem—solving expertise to
`registered users of a hardware device or
`program.
`
`jargon, espe-
`technobabble Technical
`cially when it is used excessively or vaguely
`for marketing purposes (“The new applica-
`tion supports
`enterprise—wide object
`integration”) or used metaphorically i11
`noncomputer contexts (“The President is
`getting input from his advisers”).
`
`tecliriocenti-ism An overidentification
`...IA.L
`_
`...,.C..._., ,_
`I‘,
`I‘
`with computer technology, often associated
`A Sioiiyl, Ex.
`
`
`
`i
`
`1025, p.3
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`Sony, Ex. 1025, p.3