(12) United States Patent
`Alanara et al.
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006292668Bl
`US 6,292,668 Bl
`*Sep.18,2001
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) COMMUNICATION NETWORK TERMINAL
`SUPPORTING A PLURALITY OF
`APPLICATIONS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Seppo Alanara; Pekka Isomursu;
`J uhani Miettunen; Mikko Lietsalmi,
`all of Oulu (FI); Kalevi Kaartinen,
`Erkrath; Peter Decker, Marl, both of
`(DE); Arto Lehtonen, Tampere (FI);
`Pete Pihko, Lexington, MA (US);
`Teemu Tarnanen, Espoo (FI); Hannu
`H. Kari, Veikkola (FI); Jari Maenpaa,
`Tampere (FI); Petri Nykanen, Tampere
`(FI); Mikko Terho, Tampere (FI);
`Patrik Gustafsson, Espoo (FI)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,062,132
`
`10/1991 Yasuda et a!.
`
`......................... 379/61
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2269512 *
`wo 94/23394
`wo 95/12934
`wo 95/34998
`wo 97/01940
`
`3/1992
`10/1994
`5/1995
`12/1995
`1!1997
`
`(GB).
`(WO).
`(WO).
`(WO).
`(WO).
`
`(73) Assignee: Nokia Mobil Phones, LTD, Salo (FI)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) docu(cid:173)
`ments: TS GSM 02.04, TS GSM 02.30, TS GSM 02.90, TS
`GSM 03.38, TS GSM 03.40.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/183,366
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Oct. 30, 1998
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 08/804,236, filed on Feb.
`20, 1997.
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Feb. 26, 1996
`
`(FI) ...................................................... 960895
`
`Int. Cl? ....................................................... H04Q 7/20
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 455/466; 435/553; 709/218
`(58) Field of Search ..................................... 455/410, 418,
`455/419, 420, 556, 557, 466, 31.3, 38.1,
`553, 575, 186.1, 2, 4.2, 6.3, 5.1, 6.2, 569;
`370/349, 338, 346, 522, 535, 463, 328,
`352, 401; 709/218, 228
`
`Primary Examiner-Dwayne Bast
`Assistant Examiner-Jean A Gelin
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm---Perman & Green, LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The present invention relates to a terminal (1) for a com(cid:173)
`munication network, the terminal being capable of support(cid:173)
`ing a plurality of applications (17, 18) and having means of
`communicating user messages. The terminal comprises
`means for receiving user messages having data and a header
`relating to one of the applications (17, 18) and means (8) for
`addressing the data to a respective application according to
`the header. In an embodiment the user messages are short
`messages and the data comprises characters in the short
`message.
`
`21 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`SM-SC
`
`SERV
`
`~L
`L_j4 \
`
`105
`
`INT
`
`106
`
`101
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1059-0001
`
`

`

`US 6,292,668 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,335,276
`5,351,235
`5,404,580
`5,410,543 *
`5,422,656
`5,465,401
`5,544,164
`5,555,446 *
`5,577,103
`5,579,535
`5,600,312
`5,628,051
`5,655,215
`5,666,364
`5,687,216
`5,692,032
`5,719,918
`5,729,544 *
`5,732,074 *
`5,742,668 *
`
`8/1994
`9/1994
`4/1995
`4/1995
`6/1995
`11/1995
`8/1996
`9/1996
`11/1996
`* 11/1996
`2/1997
`5/1997
`8/1997
`9/1997
`11/1997
`11/1997
`2/1998
`3/1998
`3/1998
`4/1998
`
`Thompson et a!. .. ... .... ... ... ... .. 380/21
`Lahtinen .............................. 455!560
`Simpson et a!. ....................... 455/89
`Seitz et a!. ........................ 370/85.13
`Allard et a!. ......................... 345/173
`Thompson ............................. 455/89
`Baran ................................... 370/352
`Jasinski ................................ 455/517
`Foti ...................................... 455/435
`Orlen et a!. .......................... 340/995
`Willard et a!. ....................... 455/518
`Salin .................................... 455/466
`Diachina et a!.
`.................... 455/466
`Pierce et a!. ......................... 455/466
`Svensson ............................. 455/412
`Seppanen et a!.
`................... 455/466
`Serbetciouglu et a!. ............. 455/466
`Lev et a!. ............................. 370/352
`Spaur et a!.
`......................... 455/457
`Pepe eta!. ........................... 455/413
`
`4/1998 Pepe et a!. ........................... 455/445
`5,742,905
`5,793,762 * 8/1998 Penners eta!. ...................... 370/389
`5,794,142
`8/1998 Vanttila eta!. ...................... 455/419
`5,809,115
`9/1998 Inkinen ............................. 379/93.05
`5,943,399 * 8/1999 Bannister eta!. ................... 455/414
`5,949,326 * 9/1999 Wicks eta!. ...................... 340/286.2
`5,978,833 * 11/1999 Pashley et a!.
`...................... 709/200
`6,021,433 * 2/2000 Payne et a!. ......................... 709/219
`6,112,099 * 8/2000 Ketola .................................. 455/466
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"Telecommunication Networks: Protocols, Modeling and
`Analysis", Mischa Schwartz, Addison-Wesley,
`ISBN
`0-201-16423-X, pp. 12-19.
`Enhanced Communication Services for Mobile TCP/IP Net(cid:173)
`working, Markku Kojo et al. University of Helsinki Dept. Of
`Computer Science Series of Publications C, Report
`C-1995-15, Helsinki, Apr. 1995, pp. 1-22.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 059-0002
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.18,2001
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
`
`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`FIG. I.
`
`1
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 18,2001
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
`
`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`FIG. 3.
`
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`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 059-0004
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.18,2001
`
`Sheet 3 of 8
`
`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`FIG. 5.
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`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 059-0005
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 18,2001
`
`Sheet 4 of 8
`
`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`FIG. 7.
`TAMPERE BUS TRAFFIC SMS QUERY
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`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 059-0006
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.18,2001
`
`Sheet 5 of 8
`
`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
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`Exhibit 1059-0010
`
`

`

`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`2
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`1
`COMMUNICATION NETWORK TERMINAL
`SUPPORTING A PLURALITY OF
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation application Ser. No. 5
`08/804,236 filed on Feb. 20, 1997.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to a terminal for a commu(cid:173)
`nication network, the terminal being capable of supporting
`a plurality of applications and having means of communi(cid:173)
`cating user messages. The present invention also concerns a
`system in a communication network comprising transmit(cid:173)
`ting terminals and receiving terminals being capable of
`supporting a plurality of applications, both of said terminals
`having means of communicating user messages.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`10
`
`15
`
`At present, communicators are being developed which, in 20
`addition to ordinary mobile station functions, also have data
`processing facilities, which enable, e.g., the maintenance of
`a calendar, and the sending of a fax message and electronic
`mail. The communicators may have or may support several
`different applications like organiser type devices. One type
`of communicator has been presented in Patent Publication
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,656, comprising a user interface having
`a traditional alpha-numeric keyboard-like keyboard with
`which it is easier to type, e.g., text messages. In the
`publication in question, the keyboard has been implemented
`by means of a touch display. However, as traditional mobile
`phones develop, especially as the user interface and displays
`develop further, also more advanced operations will be
`possible by a traditional mobile phone like device.
`Publication WO 94/23394 presents an electronic greeting
`card communication system, comprising an electronic mail
`server for a communicator having different types of greeting
`cards, which can be browsed and sent to a similar
`communicator, for example, by using radio communication.
`A drawback of the system is that the greeting cards in
`question can only be sent to a similar communicator.
`Therefore, the sender should know whether or not the
`receiver has a communicator supporting the greeting card
`communication system. In addition, for the implementation
`of the system, an off-line electronic mail server, for storing 45
`different types of greeting cards, should be separately con(cid:173)
`nected to the network for the service in question. Another
`drawback is that, because the system uses ordinary radio
`communication to transmit greeting cards, the telephone line
`of the communicator is engaged during transmission. By 50
`means of the communicator, presented in the publication,
`graphic images including hand written text can be transmit(cid:173)
`ted. The transmission of such an image or a mere hand
`written message is quite slow due to the large amount of
`information. Publication WO 94/23394 only discusses the 55
`sending of information relating to one application or service,
`i.e. a greeting card application. As communicator-like
`devices have several different applications a problem arises
`of how to send and handle information in relation to different
`applications. In the WO publication a separate electronic 60
`mail server has been arranged for the specific greeting card
`service. However, providing a separate electronic mail
`server for each application of a communicator would lead to
`a rather complicated and expensive solution. And even then
`one would face the problem of how to handle information 65
`relating to different services in the terminal device, e.g. in
`the communicator.
`
`The present invention concerns a terminal for a commu(cid:173)
`nication network, the terminal capable of supporting a
`plurality of applications and having means of communicat(cid:173)
`ing user messages wherein it comprises means for receiving
`user messages having data and a header relating to one of
`said applications and means for addressing the data to a
`respective application according to said header. Accordingly
`the terminal may readily have a plurality of different appli(cid:173)
`cations on such can be arranged into the terminal at a later
`stage. The later addition of applications can be done by
`direct contact of over the air contact to another device. One
`user message may contain data relating to one application
`indicated by the header, or a user message could contain data
`relating to several application, indicated by different
`headers, e.g. so that the header indicating a specific appli(cid:173)
`cation is followed by the data relating to that specific
`application.
`User messages contain a limited amount of information
`and are, therefore, quick to transmit. One type of user
`message is the so called short message. The invention is
`especially suitable to be implemented by the use of short
`messages. The mobile phone system according to the stan-
`25 dard IS-136 uses a so called R data field for the transmission
`of similar short messages. Another type of a user messaging
`function known in the GSM system according to which SMS
`like messages can be sent as well is USSD (Unstructured
`Supplementary Service Data, which is more closely defined
`30 in the GSM specifications, e.g. in the following documents:
`TS GSM 02.04, TS GSM 02.30, TS GSM 02.90, TS GSM
`03.38, TS GSM 03.40. A similar messaging form called SOC
`(Service Operator Code) exists in the mobile phone system
`according to the standard IS-136. Communication forms like
`35 SMS, R data, USSD and SOC are here called user messaging
`functions and the messages are called user messages despite
`the fact that such messages can as well be sent by an operator
`and not only by a user. The benefit with this kind of
`communication is that it does not reserve the voice call
`40 channel either at all or at least not continuously.
`Similar benefits exists in packet switched communication.
`A protocol based on PRMA (Packet Reservation Multiple
`Access) for relaying packet switched information is known
`in mobile communication networks. It is also called "Packet
`Radio". The PRMA is a technology for multiplexing packet
`formatted digital speech or data into a time divided carrier
`wave. A packet radio service, GSM GPRS (General Packet
`Radio Service) under development for the GSM mobile
`radio system is used as an example. GPRS is a new GSM
`service offering packet radio service for GSM subscribers.
`GPRS reserves radio resources only when there is something
`to transmit, allowing the same resources to be shared by all
`mobile stations according to their needs. Accordingly also
`packet radio transmissions may be used for transmitting user
`messages, that reserve the communication channel for only
`short periods.
`The intention is that any user messages can be used, but
`in following mainly short messages will be referred to as an
`example. In addition to being fast to send, the advantages of
`a short message service can be utilised, such as not reserving
`the voice channel. Application related information can either
`be pre-stored in a terminal memory (permanent memory) or
`a user may store the application related information in a
`terminal memory (cache memory) by contacting a server by
`means of a terminal. Depending on the application, the user
`may enter user input or modify the information in the
`applications. In another application the information relating
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1059-0011
`
`

`

`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`4
`FIG. 5 illustrates a frame of a short message,
`FIG. 6 illustrates one application according to the present
`invention,
`FIG. 7 illustrates another application,
`FIG. 8 illustrates the transmission of the application
`related information, illustrated in FIG. 7, from the system's
`viewpoint,
`FIG. 9 illustrates the implementation of the terminal
`according to the present invention,
`FIG. 10 illustrates in sequence the function of one appli(cid:173)
`cation in the terminal according to the invention,
`FIG. 11 illustrates in sequence the function of one appli(cid:173)
`cation in the terminal according to the invention, and
`Appendix 1 illustrates the application related information,
`illustrated in FIG. 7, presented in characters.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`3
`to an application may be sent by a service provider and the
`information may be such that it is not possible for the user
`to modify it, only to request the service provider to modify
`it. The information readily printed in the application can also
`be transmitted. An application type identifier or header is 5
`preferably added to the transmission, so that a receiving
`terminal identifies the short message as not an ordinary short
`message, but as a short message containing information
`relating to and intended for a specific application. The
`identifier can be a code in an address or a control field of the 10
`short message, or it can be a code in the message part of the
`short message. Because it has been realised that the short
`message service, already existing in the mobile station
`system, can be utilised for sending information on
`applications, the advantages are, e.g., that there is no need to 15
`establish an off-line server for sending the application
`related information, such as, for example, in the system
`presented in Publication WO 94/23394. Especially advan(cid:173)
`tageous is that one and the same server, i.e. the SMS server
`(the Short Message Service Centre SM-SC) can be used for 20
`sending and forwarding information relating to any
`application, so there is no need to have separate servers for
`each application. The SMS server will forward any short
`message and the terminal will address the information to the
`correct application according to the header or identifier in 25
`the message. And since a short message can be sent simul(cid:173)
`taneously with a circuit-coupled connection, the sending of
`the application related information does not engage the
`terminal's communication line, e.g., in case of a simulta(cid:173)
`neously incoming call. A network like the GSM network is 30
`maintained by several operators and usually each operator
`has at least one SMS server of their own. In this case
`naturally any SMS server or several servers may be used for
`the invention.
`A terminal according to the present invention is wherein 35
`it comprises means for receiving user messages having data
`and a header relating to one of said applications and means
`for addressing the data to a respective application according
`to said header. Another terminal according to the present
`invention is wherein it comprises means for sending data 40
`relating to one of said applications in a user message and
`means for adding a header to the user message, the header
`indicating the respective application that the data relates to.
`Correspondingly, a system according to the present inven(cid:173)
`tion is wherein the transmitting terminals comprise means 45
`for sending data relating to one of said applications in a user
`message and means for adding a header to the user message,
`the header indicating the respective application that the data
`relates to, and the receiving terminals comprise means for
`receiving user messages having data and a header relating to 50
`one of said applications and means for addressing the data
`to a respective application according to said header.
`
`In following the invention will be explained in more detail
`by using as an example one form of user message function,
`the short message service. For understanding the invention
`prior art relating to short messages will first be described by
`referring to FIGS. 1-5, and the embodiments of the present
`invention will be explained by referring to FIGS. 6-11, and
`to Appendix 1.
`In digital mobile communications systems, as in the GSM
`system, it is possible to send so-called short messages. In the
`GSM system, this is known as the SMS (Short Message
`Service). Thus, in addition to telephone calls and data
`transfer, the GSM system also provides, in the form of a
`short message service, a paging system-like service.
`However, the short message service known from the GSM
`system is considerably more advanced than an ordinary
`paging system. By means of a mobile station, text messages
`can be both received from and transmitted to another mobile
`station. One of the advantages of the short message service
`of the GSM system is also that the short message can be sent
`or received at the same time as an ordinary circuit-coupled
`communication is open, e.g., during a call. Thus, the sending
`of a short message does not keep the mobile station engaged
`in case of a possible incoming call.
`The advantage of short messages as compared to tele(cid:173)
`phone calls is that they can be sent to a receiver although the
`receiver cannot be contacted at the time the message is being
`transmitted. This has been implemented by dividing the
`transmission of the short message, from a first mobile station
`to a second mobile station, into two parts as illustrated in
`FIG. 1: from a transmitting mobile station MS1 to a SM-SC
`(Short Message Service Centre), wherein the short message
`is stored and sent further to the actual destination, i.e., to a
`receiving mobile station MS2, as soon as contacted. In FIG.
`2, the connection of the short message service centre SM-SC
`to a mobile station system has been illustrated in more detail.
`55 Below, the transmission and flow of short messages between
`different interfaces, known for prior art, will be discussed by
`referring to FIGS. 1-5.
`The structure of a mobile station system and connections
`for transmitting short messages are illustrated in FIG. 2.
`Mobile stations MS are connected to base stations BTS by
`means of radio communication. The base stations BTS are
`further connected, through a so-called Abis interface, to a
`base station controller ESC, which controls and manages
`several base stations. The entity formed by a number of base
`65 stations BTS (typically, by a few dozen base stations) and a
`single base station controller ESC, controlling the base
`stations, is called a base station system BSS. Particularly, the
`
`60
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1059-0012
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The invention will be discussed below in detail by refer(cid:173)
`ring to the enclosed drawings and appendices, in which
`FIG. 1 illustrates the flow of a short message from one
`mobile station to another,
`FIG. 2 illustrates connections of a mobile station system
`to a short message service centre,
`FIG. 3 illustrates a user interface of an ordinary mobile
`phone,
`FIG. 4a illustrates segmenting of a message into frames in
`transmission,
`FIG. 4b illustrates reconstruction of a message in
`reception,
`
`

`

`US 6,292,668 Bl
`
`5
`base station controller ESC manages radio communication
`channels and handovers. On the other hand, the base station
`controller ESC is connected, through a so-called A interface,
`to a mobile services switching centre MSC, which
`co-ordinates the formation of connections both from and to
`mobile stations. A further connection is made, through the
`mobile service switching centre MSC, to outside the mobile
`communications network. The aforementioned short mes(cid:173)
`sage service centre SM-SC is coupled to the mobile services
`switching centre MSC.
`When a user wants to send a short message by means of
`the mobile station MSl (FIG. 1), he/she writes a message to
`be transmitted (using a user interface of the mobile station)
`and gives the phone number of the mobile station MS2, i.e.,
`an identifier of the mobile station MS2, whereto the message
`is going to be transmitted. In addition, the mobile station
`should have the contact information, i.e., the phone number
`of the short message service centre SM-SC. Normally, this
`has been stored in the memory of the mobile station, in
`which case it is not necessary to separately input the phone
`number in connection with the sending of each short mes(cid:173)
`sage. Thus, when sending a short message, the message goes
`from the mobile station MS to the base station BTS, and
`from there, through the base station controller ESC and the
`mobile services switching centre MSC, further to the short
`message service centre SM-SC. The short message is stored
`at the short message service centre SM-SC, wherefrom it
`will be sent further to the receiving mobile station MS2, in
`which case the route of the message is the same as in
`transmission, but in the opposite direction. The short mes(cid:173)
`sage service centre SM-SC will be informed whether or not 30
`the mobile station MS2 has received the short message.
`Thus, it can re-send the short message, if the mobile station
`MS2 has not received it for some reason.
`Additionally short messages may be sent by a personal
`computer PC. In this case the mobile services switching 35
`centre MSC has a connection to a server GTW (Gateway),
`which has a connection to e.g. Internet. Thus a computer PC
`having a connection to Internet (or directly to the server
`GTW as shown by the broken line) may fetch a WWW
`(World Wide Web) page from Internet, which physically can 40
`be found e.g. from the server GTW. Optionally a service
`provider or operator may have a separate server GTW
`having a connection to the mobile services switching centre
`MSC for sending short messages or other user messages.
`When using such a WWW page for sending a short message 45
`the user inputs the connection information (e.g. phone
`number) of the receiving terminal MS2 and the message to
`be sent, whereby the message is transferred via Internet and
`the server GTW to the mobile services switching centre
`MSC and further to the short message service centre SM-SC 50
`from which the message is directed to the receiving terminal
`MS2 via the mobile network.
`By means of the short message service SMS of the GSM
`system, it is possible to send, at a time, a message the
`maximum length of which is 160 characters. The characters
`are seven-bit ASCII (American National Standard Code for
`Information Interchange) characters and, therefore, the
`maximum length of a message in bits is 1,120 bits, i.e., 140
`bytes. Ordinary mobile stations, as the one illustrated in FIG.
`3, have a small display and an advanced keyboard by means
`of which it is possible to write short messages, i.e., input
`different types of alpha-numeric characters. The received
`message is displayed on the display of the mobile station,
`which enables the display of alpha-numeric characters, as
`illustrated in FIG. 3.
`As is well known, transmissions in the GSM system have
`been divided, into frames. When the length of a message to
`
`6
`be transmitted exceeds the permissible maximum length of
`a frame FR, the message M must be segmented into parts
`Ml-M4, and sent in several frames FR1-FR4, as illustrated
`in FIG. 4a. In reception, the mobile station reconstructs the
`5 message M, divided into several frames FR1-FR4, as illus(cid:173)
`trated in FIG. 4b. At a radio interface (FIG. 2), the maximum
`length of a frame is normally 168 or 184 bits and, therefore,
`a short message, the maximum length of which is 1,120 bits,
`must be segmented into several frames. FIG. 5 illustrates a
`10 frame, a so-called LAPDm frame (Link Access Protocol for
`the Dm channel), to be transmitted at a radio interface,
`which has normally been divided into three fields. The first
`field is an address field ADD, which contains the address of
`the destination of the message (i.e., a receiving mobile
`15 station identifier), given in several bytes. In the GSM
`system, signalling messages are also transmitted within
`corresponding LAPDm frames. In radio communication,
`there can simultaneously be two message flows independent
`of each other: signalling messages and short messages.
`20 These two different flows are separated from each other by
`means of a service access point identifier SAPI to be added
`to the address field ADD. Its value can be 3, indicating
`signalling, or 0, indicating a short message. The second field
`is a control field CTRL, which contains the sending frame
`25 and receiving frame numbers N(S) and N(F). The third field
`is a data field INFO, containing the actual information or
`data, which contains a maximum of 168 bits of information,
`i.e., the contents of the actual short message.
`In the present invention, using short messages as an
`example, the transmission of each application related infor(cid:173)
`mation will be identified by means of a specific code, i.e., an
`identifier, which enables the receiving terminal to process
`the received message directly into an application, as
`specified, containing the received data. The identifier is
`preferably implemented by using ASCII characters in an
`information field of the short message transmission frame,
`i.e., in a field INFO (FIG. 5), which contains the actual short
`message in characters. Alternatively the identifier may be in
`the form of some other character or string code, such as bits,
`since for sending a short message the data is anyway
`converted into bits. Because the information relating to the
`applications is transmitted in a short message, it can also be
`received by means of an ordinary mobile station, which does
`not support the application service, but is capable of trans(cid:173)
`mitting and/or receiving short messages. By placing the
`application identifier in the field INFO, there is also the
`advantage that in an ordinary mobile station, which does not
`support this type of application service, but is capable of
`transmitting and/or receiving short messages, the application
`identifier is displayed to a user of the terminal, e.g. a
`communicator and, hence, the user notices not having
`received an ordinary short message, but the inf