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`
`McGRAW-HILL
`DICTIONARY OF
`SCIENTIFIC AND
`TECHNICAL
`TERMS
`
`s·lxth.
`Edition ·
`
`• !. '•
`
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`McGraw-Hill
`l
`L - ---
`New York Chicago San Francisco
`. ' '
`Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
`· : · Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
`
`Columbia Ex. 2005-1
`Symantec v. Columbia
`IPR2015-00375
`
`

`
`\
`\
`\
`I
`
`On the cover: Representation of a fullerene molecule w ith a noble gas atom trapped
`inside. At the Permian-Triassic sedimentary boundary the noble gases helium and argon
`have been found trapped inside fullerenes. They exhibit isotope ratios quite similar to
`those found in meterorites, suggesting that a fireball meteorite or asteroid exploded
`when it hit the Earth, causing major changes in the environment. (Image copyright ©
`Dr. Luann Becker. Reproduced with permission.)
`
`i.o,·
`
`~--. ·~ .
`
`·· ... :·<·
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`
`Over the ~ix editions of the Dictionary, material has be! n drawn· from the fotl~wing:references: G. M. Garrity
`eta!., Taxonomic Outline of the Procaryotes, Release 2, Springer-Verlag, J-;m~ary 2002; D. W. Linzey, Vertebrate
`Biology, McGraw-Hill, 2001 ; J. A. Pechenik, Biology of the Invertebrates, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000; U.S.
`Air Force Glossary of Standardized Terms, AF Manual 11-l , vol. 1, 1972; F. Casey, ed., Compilation of Terms
`in Information Sciences Technology, Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Communications(cid:173)
`Electronics Terminology, AF Manual I 1-1, vol. 3, 1970; P. W. Thrush, comp. and ed., A Dictionary of Mining,
`Mineral, and Related Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; A DOD Glossary of Mapping, CJuming and Geodetic
`Temts, Department of Defense, 1967; J. M. Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and
`Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Report 67158, 1967; W. H. Allen, ed., Dictionary of
`Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, National Aeronauti,cs and Space Administration, 1965; Glossary of Stinfo
`Temtinology, Office of Aerospace Research, U.S. A.i[ Force, 196~; Naval Dictionary of Electronic, Technical,
`and Imperative Tenns, Bureau of Naval Personnel; 1962; R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology, American
`Meteorological Society, 1959; ADP Glossal)', Department of the Navy, NAVSO P-3097; Glosswy of Air Traffic
`Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary of Ra11ge Terminqlogy, .JV.~ite Sands Missile Ra11ge, New
`Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424-;'Nuclear T(inns: A Glossary, 2d ed., Atomic Energy
`Commission.
`
`McGRAW·HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENnFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Sixth Edition
`Copyright IC 2003, 1994. 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
`reserved. Plinted in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act
`of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored
`in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1 234 5678 9 0
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`087654 32
`
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms--6th ed.
`p.
`em.
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X (alk. paper)
`I. Science--Dictionaries. 2. Technology--Dictionaries.
`and technical terms.
`
`I. Ti tie: Dictionary of scientific
`
`Q l 23.M15
`503-dc21
`
`2002
`
`2002026436
`
`Columbia Ex. 2005-2
`Symantec v. Columbia
`IPR2015-00375
`
`

`
`108
`
`Anomalinacea
`
`ANOMALINACEA
`
`~I mm
`
`(b)
`(a)
`Scanning electron micrographs of
`the foraminiferan Holmanella,
`from the Miocene of California.
`(a) Spiral view and (b) edge view
`ofbievolute planispiral test, with
`a coarsely perforate granular
`margin, and a slitlike aperture
`extending up the terminal face.
`(R. B. MacAdam, Chevron Oil
`Field R esearch Co.)
`
`[L'IV zoo] A superfamily of marine and ben(cid:173)
`Anomalinacea
`thic sarcodinian protozoans in the order Foraminiferida.
`{ ~.nam·~· l~'nas:<!·~)
`anomalisJjc month
`[ ASTRON] The average period of revolu(cid:173)
`tion of the moon from perigee to perigee, a period of 27 days
`13 hours 18 minutes 33.2 seconds. { :~:nam·~:Us·tik 'm~nth }
`anomaiistlc period
`{ASTRON] The interval between two
`successive perigee passages of a satellite in orbit about a pri(cid:173)
`I :~:nam·
`mary. Also known as perigee-to-perigee period.
`~:lis·tik 'pir·e·~d )
`[ASTRON] The period of one revolution of
`anomalistlc year
`the earth about the sun from perihelion to perihelion; 365 days
`6. hours 13 minutes 53.0 seconds in 1900 and increasing at the
`rate of 0.26 second per century.
`{ ~:nam·~:lis·tik 'yer)
`anomalon
`[NUC PHYS] A nuclear fragment, produced in the
`collision of a projectile nucleus at relativistic energy with a
`target nucleus at rest, that bas an anomalously short mean free
`I :~'nam·
`path, comparable to that of a uranium nucleus.
`~.ian J
`anomaloscope [orncs] An optical instrument for testing
`color visio!l, in which a yellow light whose intensity may be
`varied is matched against red and green lights whose intensity
`{ :~'niim·:~·l~ ,skOp I
`is fi xed.
`[sa TECH] Deviating from the normal; irregular.
`anomalous
`I ~·nam·:H~s I
`[ELECTROMAG] The occur(cid:173)
`anomaious Barkhausen effect
`rence of large steps in the magnetization of an iron-aluminum
`alloy at terriiierarure above about 4oo•c (750"F). { :~:nam·:~·
`l:~s 'barlc,hauz·:~n i,fekt )
`anomalous dispersion [orncs] Extraordinary behavior in
`'the curve of refractive index versus wavelength which occurs
`in the Vicinity of absorption lines or bands in the absorption
`I :~ 'nam·:~·l:~s dis'par·zh:~n l
`spectrum of a medium.
`anomalous expansion
`[TI!I!RMO] An increaSe in the vol(cid:173)
`ume of a substance that results from a decrease in its ~empera­
`ture, such as is displayed by water at . temperatures between 0
`( ~' ni!J!l ·,a· los ik'span·sh:~n I
`and 4°C (32 and 39°F).
`anomalous Funke! effect
`[ ELECTR] Current fl uctuations in
`an e.lectron tube resulting from positive ions entering the sp!lce(cid:173)
`charge region in fro nt of the cathode.
`( a}niim ·o·l:~s 'f:~u·
`kol i,fekt }
`·
`anomalous Hall effect
`1 . In a current-car(cid:173)
`[ELECTROMAO]
`rying conductor in a magnetic fie ld, development of a transverse
`voltage resulting from the deflection of positive charge carriers
`(hole states) by the Lorentz force. 2. The Hall effect in ferro(cid:173)
`magnetic metals, which arises from the unsymmetrical scatter(cid:173)
`I :~inam·
`ing of conduction electrons at magnetic moments.
`:~·l:~s 'h61 i,fekt I
`[GEOL] Magma formed or obviously
`anomalous magma
`I o'oam·:~· l :~s 'mag·ma I
`changed by assimilation.
`anomalous magnetic moment
`[PARTIC PHYS] The differ(cid:173)
`ence between the observed magnetic moment and the value
`I :~ 'nam· :~·l:~s mag'ned·ik 'mo·
`predicted by Dirac's theory.
`m:~nt I
`[ATOM PHYS) A series of spectral lines
`anomalous series
`associated with atomic energy levels whose Rydberg correc(cid:173)
`tions do not vary smoothly with total quantum number, gener(cid:173)
`ally because they involve excitation of two electrons. Also
`known as abnormal series. { :~ 'nlim·o·las 'sir·ez}
`anomalous skin effect
`[ELEC] The skin effect at very low
`temperatures and high frequencies at which the thickness of
`the conducting skin layer is less than ·the electron mean free
`path, so that the classical theory of electrical conductivity breaks
`( :~:nam·o ·l:~s 'skin i,fekt I
`down.
`[ PHYSIO] A mild defect in red(cid:173)
`anomalous trichromatism
`green color vision in which the subject, when asked to mix red
`and green light to match a certain shade of yellow, produces
`a different shade than does someone with normal color vision.
`{ ~'nlim:a·los tn'krom·:~,tiz·~m I
`anomalous viscosity See non-Newtonian viscosity.
`:~· l:~s vis'kas·:~d ·e I
`[SPECT] A type of splitting of
`anomalous Zeeman effect
`spectral lines of a light source in a magnetic field which occurs
`for any line arising from a combination of terms of muitipliciry
`greater than one; due to a no nclassical magnetic behavior of
`the electron spin. { ~'niim·a·l:~s 'za,man i ,fekt I
`Anomalurldae
`[VERT zoo] The African flying squirrels, a
`small family in the order Rodentia characterized by the climbing
`
`I :~'rifun·
`
`anorexia nervosa
`
`{ :~:nam ·
`
`organ, a series of scales at the root of the tai I.
`allur-:~,de I
`the angle
`In celestial mechanics,
`anomaly
`[ASTRON]
`between the radius vector to an orbiting body from its primary
`(the focus of the orbital ellipse) and the line of apsides of the
`orbit, measured in the direction of travel, from the point of
`closest approach to the primary (perifocus). Also known as
`true anomaly. {BIOL] An abnormal deviation from the char(cid:173)
`acteristic form of a group.
`[OEOL) A local deviation from
`the general geological properties of a region.
`[MED] Any
`part of the body that is abnormal in its position, form, or
`structure.
`the deviation of the value of an ele(cid:173)
`[METEOROL]
`ment (especially temperature) from its mean value over some
`[OCEANOGR] The difference between
`specified interval.
`conditions actually observed at a selial station and those that
`would have existed bad the water all been of a g iven arbitrary
`temperature and salinity.
`[SCI TECH] A deviation beyond
`normal variations. · '( <l'nam·:~·le I
`[COMPUTSCI] The technology that seeks
`anomaly detection
`to identify an attack on a compu ter system by looking for
`behavior that is out of the norm. { :~'nlim ·:~·le di,tek·sb~n I
`anomaly finder
`[ENO] A computer-:eontrolled data-plotting
`system used on ships to measure and" record seismic, gravity,
`magnetic, and other geophysical data and water depth, time,
`course, and speed. { :~'nam· :~· l<! ,fin·dar I
`anomaly of geopotential difference See dynamic-height
`anemaly. 1 :~'n~m·:~·le :~v je·o·p*en·sh:~l 'dif·r:~ns }
`anomer
`·One of a pair of isomers of cyclic
`[ORG CHEM]
`carbohydrates; resulting from creation of a new point of symme(cid:173)
`try when a rearrangemen t of the atoms occurs at the aldehyde
`I 'an ·:~ ·mar}
`or ketone position.
`anomerlc carbon {BlOCHEM] The carbon about which
`( :an·<l, rnir·ik 'klir·b;~n I
`anomers rotate.
`anomie aphasia
`[PSYCH] A subtype of fluent aphasia io
`which plincipal nouns and verbs cannot be recalled by the
`individual; .typically caused by injury at the temporo,parietal
`junction. { a'niim·ik g'fllzh·~ )
`anomie
`[PSYCH] Apathy, alienation, and personal distress
`t 'an ·~·me J
`resulting from a lack of purpose or ideals.
`[MINERAL) A variety of biotite different only in
`anomite
`I ' an·:~,mlt I
`optical orientation.
`[VERT zoo} A suborder of toadlike amphibi(cid:173)
`Anomocoela
`ans in the ·order Anura characterized by a lack of free ribs.
`{ :an·:~·mo:se·J~ I
`[ANAT] Describing a vertebra with a cen(cid:173)
`anomocoelous
`trum that is concave anteriorly and flat or convex posteriorly.
`{ lan·:~·mo:s<!·l:~s I
`Anomphalacea
`[PALEON] A superfamily of extinct gastro(cid:173)
`pod mollusks in the order Aspidobranchia. 1 :~ ,nam·f:~'
`lash·:~}
`Anomura · [VERT zoo] A section of the cru sta~ean order
`I ,an·
`Decapoda that includes lobsterlik.e and crablike.forms.
`:~'mllr·:~}
`[cHEM ENG] Four
`anonymous dimensionless group 1-4
`of the dimensionless .groups, used to solve problems in transfer
`processes, gas absorption in wetted-wall columns, and laminar
`I :~'nan·:~·mas di:men ·shan·l;~s 'grilp
`boundary-layer flow.
`:wan t:~ :f6r J
`[COMPUT sa] A public FrP (file transfer
`anonymous FTP
`protocol) site at which users can log in and download documents
`by entering "anonymous" as their user ID, and their e-mail
`I :~,nan·:~·mas :er,te'pe I
`address as password.
`anoopsia
`[MED] Strabismus in which the eye is turned
`( ,an·o'iip·se · :~ I
`upward.
`[INV zoo) A genus of mosquitoes in the family
`Anopheles
`Culicidae; members are vectors of malaria, dengue, and filaria(cid:173)
`sis. { :~'n!if·o>,IC!z I
`[rNV zoo) Pertaining to mosquitoes of the genus
`anopheline
`I :~'niif·g· J;m I
`Atwpheles or a closely related genus.
`[rNV zoo] A class or subclass of the phylum Rhyn(cid:173)
`Anopia
`cbocoela characterized by a simple tubular proboscis and by
`I 'an·OJ·pl<l }
`having the mouth opening posteriorto the brain.
`[!NV zoo] A family of tapeworms in the
`Anoplocephalidae
`order Cyclophyllidea. { :an·~.pla·sa'fal·o,de}
`Anoplura
`[!NVZOO) The. sucking lice, a small group of mam(cid:173)
`malian ectoparasites usually considered to constitute an order
`I ,an·:~'pl llr· a }
`in the class Insecta.
`anorexia · [MED] Loss of appetite. 1 ,an·:~'rek.·se· ~ I
`anorexia nervosa {PSYCH} A disorder in which dramatic
`
`Columbia Ex. 2005-3
`Symantec v. Columbia
`IPR2015-00375