(12) United States Patent
`Gruse et al.
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006389538Bl
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`May 14,2002
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) SYSTEM FOR TRACKING END-USER
`ELECTRONIC CONTENT USAGE
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: George Gregory Gruse, Lighthouse
`Point; John J. Dorak, Jr., Boca Raton;
`Kenneth Louis Milsted, Boynton
`Beach, all of FL (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: International Business Machines
`Corporation, Armonk, NY (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/177,096
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Oct. 22, 1998
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/133,519, filed on
`Aug. 13, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,226,618.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl? ......................... G06F 11/30; G06F 12/14;
`H04L 9/32
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 713/194; 713/168; 713/171;
`713/182; 705/51; 705/57
`(58) Field of Search ............................... 705/51, 56-57,
`705!55; 380/4, 24, 25; 713/200, 201, 68,
`194, 182, 171, 150; 384/4, 3, 6
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4/1980 Hellman eta!.
`4,200,770 A
`8/1980 Hellman eta!.
`4,218,582 A
`6/1981 Gates eta!.
`4,272,810 A
`9/1983 Rivest eta!.
`4,405,829 A
`1!1984 Hellman eta!.
`4,424,414 A
`7/1984 Hashimoto et a!.
`4,463,387 A
`7/1985 Freeny, Jr.
`4,528,643 A
`3/1988 Mniszewski et a!.
`4,731,840 A
`7/1988 Matyas eta!.
`4,757,534 A
`11/1988 Shima
`4,782,529 A
`4,796,220 A * 1!1989 Wolfe .......................... 705!56
`
`4,803,725 A
`
`2/1989 Horne et a!.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`* 10/1997
`* 12/1997
`* 3/1998
`* 5/1998
`11/1997
`4/1998
`
`9-285302
`9-335621
`10-086148
`10-139442
`wo 97/43717
`wo 98/13970
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . G06F /17/60
`........... G06F!ll/30
`........... G06F/12/14
`........... G06F!ll/30
`
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`wo
`wo
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Micali, Silvio, "Fair Public-Key Cryptosystems", Labora(cid:173)
`tory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute Tech(cid:173)
`nology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 133-138, 1993.*
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner-Wynn Coggins
`Assistant Examiner-Cuong H. Nguyen
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Steven 1. Meyers; David M.
`Shofi; Fleit, Kain, Gibbons, Gutman & Bongini P.L.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A system for tracking usage of digital content on user
`devices. Electronic stores coupled to a network sell licenses
`to play digital content data to users. Content players, which
`receive from the network the licensed content data, are used
`to play the licensed content data. Additionally, a logging site
`that is coupled to the network tracks the playing of the
`content data. In particular, the logging site receives play
`information from the network, and the play information
`includes the number of times that the content data has been
`played by the associated content player. Also provided is a
`method for tracking usage of digital content on user devices.
`According to the method, a license to play digital content
`data is sold to a user, and the licensed content data is
`transmitted to a content player for the user. Further, infor(cid:173)
`mation is transmitted to a logging site whenever the content
`data is played by the content player or copied from the
`content player to an external medium so that usage of the
`licensed content data can be tracked.
`
`44 Claims, 21 Drawing Sheets
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 1
`
`

`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2/1989 Shima
`4,809,327 A
`4/1989 Robers
`4,825,306 A
`9/1989 Penn eta!.
`4,868,687 A
`9/1989 Fischer
`4,868,877 A
`4,878,246 A
`10/1989 Pastor eta!.
`11/1989 Leighton et a!.
`4,879,747 A
`2/1990 Garber eta!.
`4,905,163 A
`5/1990 Goldwasser et a!.
`4,926,479 A
`7/1990 Citta eta!.
`4,944,006 A
`2/1991 Schnorr
`4,995,082 A
`5,005,200 A
`4/1991 Fischer
`7/1992 Tindell eta!.
`5,130,792 A
`10/1992 Reeds, III
`5,159,634 A
`3/1993 Hair
`5,191,573 A
`5/1993 Fischer
`5,214,702 A
`6/1993 Gasser eta!.
`5,220,604 A
`6/1993 Gasser eta!.
`5,224,163 A
`6/1993 Hartman, Jr.
`5,224,166 A
`11/1993 Takano eta!.
`5,260,788 A
`11/1993 Perlman et a!.
`5,261,002 A
`1!1994 Howell eta!.
`5,276,901 A
`5/1994 Micali
`5,315,658 A
`6/1994 Halter eta!.
`5,319,705 A
`9/1994 Molva eta!.
`5,347,580 A
`10/1994 Martinet a!.
`5,355,302 A
`11/1994 Bird eta!.
`5,369,705 A
`12/1994 Diffie eta!.
`5,371,794 A
`5,388,211 A * 2/1995 Hornbuckle ................ 717/178
`Fischer
`5,412,717 A
`5/1995
`Micali
`5,420,927 A
`5/1995
`Kaufman et a!.
`5,497,421 A
`3/1996
`5,509,071 A
`4/1996
`Petrie, Jr. et a!.
`5,519,778 A
`5/1996
`Leighton et a!.
`5,537,475 A
`7/1996
`Micali
`5,557,541 A
`9/1996
`Schulhof et a!.
`5,581,479 A
`12/1996
`McLaughlin et a!.
`
`12/1996 Aziz
`5,588,060 A
`1!1997 Starkey
`5,592,664 A
`5,604,804 A
`2/1997 Micali
`2/1997 Brands
`5,606,617 A
`6/1997 McLaughlin et a!.
`5,636,139 A
`7/1997 Subler eta!.
`5,646,992 A
`7/1997 Stambler
`5,646,998 A
`5,649,187 A * 7/1997 Hornbuckle ................. 707/10
`5,666,420 A
`9/1997 Micali
`9/1997 Auerbach et a!.
`5,673,316 A
`5,675,734 A
`10/1997 Hair
`1!1998 Chelliah eta!.
`5,710,887 A
`5,745,574 A
`4/1998 Muftic
`5,796,841 A
`8/1998 Cordery eta!.
`5,892,900 A
`4/1999 Ginter eta!.
`5,925,127 A * 7/1999 Ahmad ....................... 713/200
`5,991,399 A * 11/1999 Graunke eta!. ............ 713/194
`6,064,739 A * 5!2000 Davis ......................... 380/200
`6,098,056 A * 8/2000 Rusnak et a!. .............. 713/200
`6,275,936 B1 * 8/2001 Kyojima et a!. ............ 713/182
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`1. Linn, "Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail:
`Part I: Message Encryption and Authentication Procedures",
`RFC 1421, Feb., 1993, pp. 1-37.
`S. Kent, "Privacy Enhancement or Internet Electronic Mail:
`Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management". RFC 1422,
`Feb., 1993, pp. 1-28 .
`D. Balenson, "Privace Enhancement for Internet Electronic
`Mail: Part III: Algorithms, Modes, and Identifiers", RFC
`1423, Feb. 1993, pp. 1-13.
`B. Kaliski, "Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic
`Mail: Part IV: Key Certification and Related Services", RFC
`1424, Feb. 1993, pp. 1-8.
`* cited by examiner
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 2
`
`

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`
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`
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`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 3
`
`

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`
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`103
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 4
`
`

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`184
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 5
`
`

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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 6
`
`

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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 7
`
`

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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 8
`
`

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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 9
`
`

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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 10
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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 11
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 14,2002
`
`Sheet 10 of 21
`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
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`FIG. 7
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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 12
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`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 14
`
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`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 15
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 14,2002
`
`Sheet 14 of 21
`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`START
`
`1101
`
`SELECT ALGORITHM
`& BIT RATE
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
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`RATE FACTOR RsTORED
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`ANEW = AVG (RsTORED + RcURRENT)
`
`STORE ANEW FOR THIS ALGORITHM & BIT RATE
`
`1100
`
`FIG.ll
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 16
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 14,2002
`
`Sheet 15 of 21
`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`START
`
`,,
`
`(
`
`1201
`
`READ IDENTIFIER ON MEDIA
`(E.G. UPC, ISRC, ISMN OR EQUIVALENT}
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`CREATING DIGITAL CONTENT
`FOR ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION
`
`,,
`
`END
`
`FIG.12
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 17
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 14,2002
`
`Sheet 16 of 21
`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`START
`
`,,
`
`(
`
`1301
`
`SELECT MUSIC TO BE ENCODED
`
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`
`1304
`
`SELECT AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING
`OPERATIONS & COMPRESSION SETTINGS
`
`,,
`
`END
`
`FIG.13
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 18
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 14,2002
`
`Sheet 17 of 21
`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`SCHEDULE DOWNLOAD
`
`t USER STARTS A DOWNLOAD
`
`t DOWNLOAD COMPLETES
`
`LIBRARY
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`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 19
`
`

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`
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`
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`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 20
`
`

`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`I
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 21
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 14,2002
`
`Sheet 20 of 21
`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`LIBRARY
`
`USER SELECTS PLAYLIST
`
`PLAY PLAYLIST
`
`fiG. 16
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 22
`
`

`
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`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 23
`
`

`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`1
`SYSTEM FOR TRACKING END-USER
`ELECTRONIC CONTENT USAGE
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
`09/133,519, filed Aug. 13, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,
`618. The entire disclosure of prior application Ser. No.
`09/133,519 is herein incorporated by reference.
`Additionally, this application claims subject matter that is
`technically related to the following applications that are
`commonly assigned herewith to International Business
`Machines Corporation (IBM).
`
`ATTORNEY APPLICATION
`DOC. NO.
`SER. NO.
`
`SE9-98-006
`
`09/152756
`
`SE9-98-007
`
`09/209440
`
`SE9-98-008
`
`09/241276
`
`SE9-98-010
`
`09/203307
`
`SE9-98-011
`
`09/208774
`
`SE9-98-013
`
`09/203306
`
`SE9-98-014
`
`09/203315
`
`SE9-98-015
`
`09/201622
`
`SE9-98-016
`
`09/201475
`
`TITLE OF
`THE
`INVENTION
`
`Secure
`Electronic
`Content
`Management
`
`Multimedia
`Player Toolkit
`
`INVENTOR(S)
`
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`George Gregory Gruse
`Marco M. Hurtado
`Edgar Downs
`Cesar Medina
`George Gregory Gruse
`John J. Dorak, Jr.
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`Qing Gong
`Edgar Downs
`Jeffrey B. Lotspiech
`Marco M. Hurtado
`George Gregory Gruse
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`
`Marco M. Hurtado
`George Gregory Gruse
`Edgar Downs
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`
`Multimedia
`Content Cre(cid:173)
`ation System
`Key
`Management
`System for
`End-User Dig(cid:173)
`ital Player
`Multi-media
`player for an
`Electronic
`Content De(cid:173)
`livery System
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`A method to
`identify CD
`Craig Kindell
`Qing Gong
`content
`Toolkit for de(cid:173)
`Richard Spagna
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`livering elec-
`tronic content David P. Lybrand
`from an Online Edgar Downs
`store.
`A method and
`apparatus to
`automatically
`create encode
`digital content
`A method and
`apparatus to
`indicate an
`encoding rate
`for digital
`content
`
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`Kba Kinh Nguyen
`Qing Gong
`
`Kenneth L. Milsted
`Qing Gong
`
`10
`
`2
`to grow. At the same time owners and publishers of valuable
`digital content have been slow to embrace the use of the
`Internet for distribution of digital assets for several reasons.
`One reason is that owners are afraid of unauthorized copying
`5 or pirating of digital content. The electronic delivery of
`digital content removes several barriers to pirating. One
`barrier that is removed with electronic distribution is the
`requirement of the tangible recordable medium itself (e.g.,
`diskettes or CD ROMs). It costs money to copy digital
`content on to tangible media, albeit in many cases less than
`a dollar for a blank tape or recordable CD. However, in the
`case of electronic distribution, the tangible medium is no
`longer needed. The cost of the tangible medium is not a
`factor because content is distributed electronically. A second
`15 barrier, is the format of the content itself i.e. is the content
`stored in an analog format versus a digital format. Content
`stored in an analog format, for example, a printed picture,
`when reproduced by photocopying, the copy is of lesser
`quality than the original. Each subsequent copy of a copy,
`20 sometimes called a generation, is of less quality than the
`original. This degradation in quality is not present when a
`picture is stored digitally. Each copy, and every generation
`of copies can be as clear and crisp as the original. The
`aggregate effect of perfect digital copies combined with the
`25 very low cost to distribute content electronically and to
`distribute content widely over the Internet makes it rela(cid:173)
`tively easy to pirate and distribute unauthorized copies. With
`a couple of keystrokes, a pirate can send hundreds or even
`of thousands of perfect copies of digital content over the
`30 Internet. Therefore a need exists to ensure the protection and
`security of digital assets distributed electronically.
`Providers of digital content desire to establish a secure,
`global distribution system for digital content that protects
`the rights of content owners. The problems with establishing
`35 a digital content distribution system includes developing
`systems for digital content electronic distribution, rights
`management, and asset protection. Digital content that is
`distributed electronically includes content such as print
`media, films, games, programs, television, multimedia, and
`40 musiC.
`The deployment of an electronic distribution system pro(cid:173)
`vides the digital content providers the ability to achieve fast
`settlement of payment through immediate sales reporting
`and electronic reconciliation as well as gain secondary
`45 sources of revenue through redistribution of content. Since
`the electronic digital content distribution system is not
`affected by physical inventory outages or returns, the digital
`content providers and retailers may realize reduced costs and
`improved margins. Digital content providers could facilitate
`50 new, or augment existing, distribution channels for better
`timed-release of inventory. The transactional data from the
`electronic distribution system could be used to obtain infor(cid:173)
`mation regarding consumer buying patterns as well as to
`provide immediate feedback on electronic marketing pro-
`55 grams and promotions. In order to meet these goals, a need
`exists for digital content providers to use an electronic
`distribution model to make digital content available to a
`wide range of users and businesses while ensuring protec-
`tion and metering of digital assets.
`Other commercially available electronic distribution sys(cid:173)
`tems for digital content, such as real audio, A2B from AT&T,
`Liquid Audio Pro from Liquid Audio Pro Corp., City Music
`Network from Audio Soft and others offer transmission of
`digital data over secured and unsecured electronic networks.
`65 The use of secured electronic networks greatly reduces the
`requirement of digital content providers of distributing digi(cid:173)
`tal to a wide audience. The use of unsecured networks such
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`The invention disclosed broadly relates to the field of
`electronic commerce and more particularly to a system and
`related tools for the secure delivery and rights management 60
`of digital assets, such as print media, films, games, and
`music over global communications networks such as the
`Internet and the World Wide Web.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`The use of global distribution systems such as the Internet
`for distribution of digital assets such as music, film, com(cid:173)
`puter programs, pictures, games and other content continues
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. 24
`
`

`
`US 6,389,538 Bl
`
`3
`4
`as the Internet and Web allows the digital content to arrive
`cally by the purchaser without the need to go through the
`to an end-user securely such as through the use of encryp(cid:173)
`electronic store for payment clearance. Sixth, the electronic
`tion. However, once the encrypted digital content is
`store may need to create licenses for the permitted use of the
`de-encrypted on the end-user's machine, the digital content
`copyrighted digital content that match usage conditions. For
`is readily available to the end-user for unauthorized
`5 example, the license may grant the permission to make a
`limited number of copies of the digital content. A license is
`re-distribution. Therefore a need exists for a secure digital
`needed to reflect the terms and conditions of the permission
`content electronic distribution system that provides protec(cid:173)
`granted.
`tion of digital assets and ensures that the Content Provider
`(s)' rights are protected even after the digital content is
`In light of all these requirements, to process the metadata
`delivered to consumers and businesses. A need thus exists
`10 related to the digital content, many electronic stores write
`for rights management to allow for secure delivery, licensing
`customized software programs to handle these requirements.
`authorization, and control of the usage of digital assets.
`The time, cost and testing needed to create these customized
`software programs can be large. Accordingly, a need exists
`Another reason owners of digital content have been slow
`to provide a solution to these requirements.
`to embrace electronic distribution is their desire to maintain
`and foster existing channels of distribution. Most content 15
`Still, another reason owners of digital content have been
`slow to embrace electronic distribution is the difficulty in
`owners sell through retailers. In the music market these U.S.
`retailers include Tower Records, Peaches, Blockbuster, Cir(cid:173)
`preparing content for electronic distribution. Today, many
`cuit City and others. Many of these retailers have Web sites
`providers of content have thousands or even tens of thou(cid:173)
`that allow Internet users to makes selections over the Inter-
`sands of titles in their portfolio. In a music example, it is not
`net and have selections mailed to the end-user. Example 20
`unusual for a content owner to have a single master sound
`music Web sites include @tower, Music Boulevard and
`recording available on several different formats simulta-
`Columbia House. The use of electronic distribution can
`neously (e.g. CD, tape and MiniDisc). In addition, a single
`remove the ability of the retail stores from differentiating
`format can have a master sound recording re-mastered or
`re-mixed for a specific distribution channel. As an example,
`themselves from each other and differentiate themselves
`from the content owners, especially on the Web. Therefore 25 the mixing for broadcast radio may be different than the
`mixing for a dance club sound track, which may be different
`a need exists to provide retailers of electronic content such
`than a generally available consumer CD. Inventorying and
`as pictures, games, music, programs and videos a way to
`keeping track of these different mixes can be burdensome.
`differentiate themselves from each other and the content
`owners when selling music through electronic distribution.
`Moreover, many owners of master recordings often times
`30 re-issue old recordings in various subsequent collections,
`Content owners prepare their digital content for electronic
`such as "The Best Of", or in compilations for musical sound
`distribution through distribution sites such as electronic
`tracks to movies and other collections or compilations. As
`stores. Electronic stores on the Internet, or through other
`more content is offered digitally, the need to re-mix and
`online services, want to differentiate themselves from each
`encode the content for electronic distribution grows. Many
`other by their product offerings and product promotions. A
`35 times providers need to use old recording formats as guides
`traditional store, i.e.-the non-electronic, non-online ana(cid:173)
`to select the correct master sound recordings and have these
`logs to electronic stores-use product promotions, product
`sound recordings reprocessed and encoded for release for
`sales, product samples, liberal return po