`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Stefik et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Nov. 8, 2005
`
`USOO6963859B2
`
`(54) CONTENT RENDERING REPOSITORY
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors:
`
`lVIark J. Stefik, Portola Valley, CA
`(US); Peter L. Pirolli, San Francisco,
`CA (US)
`(73) Assigncc: ContentGuard Holdings, Inc.,
`Wilmington, DE (US)
`'
`'
`~
`~
`Sub]ect. to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U'SC 154(b) by 78 days
`
`as
`
`.
`~
`) Notice.
`
`(
`
`3,790,700 A
`3,798,605 A
`4459468 A
`47220991 A
`
`2/1974 Callais et a1.
`3/1974 Feistel
`6/1979 Barnes 91211-
`9/1980 Hamano et a1.
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0 084 441
`7/1983
`0 180 460
`5/1986
`0 332 707
`9/1989
`s
`c/1995
`0 651 5‘4
`q
`-
`0 668 695
`8/1995
`
`EP
`EP
`FF
`EP
`EP
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Weber, Robert. Digital Rights Management Technologies.
`Oct. 1995. Retrieved from IDS.*
`“National Semiconductor and EPR Partner for Information
`
`(21) App]. No.: 10/345,390
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jan. 16, 2003
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2003/0225699 A1 Dec. 4, 2003
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`Metering/Data Security Cards” Mar. 4, 1994, Press Release
`from Electronic Publishing Resources, Inc.
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/778,006, filed on Feb. 7,
`2001, now Pat. No. 6,714,921, which is a division of
`application No. 08/967,084, filed on Nov. 10, 1997, now Pat.
`No. 6,236,971, which is a continuation of application No.
`08/344,760, filed on Nov. 23, 1994, now abandoned.
`Int. C1.7 ................................................ G06F 17/60
`(51)
`(52) US. Cl.
`............................. 705/51; 705/52; 705/53;
`705/54; 705/55; 705/56; 705/57; 705/58;
`70575 9; 705750; 380/201; 707/9; 707/1041;
`713/182; 713/183; 713/184; 713/185; 713/186
`(58) Field of Search ______________________ 705,50_59. 380/201
`380)30. 707/9 104.1. 713/182—186 156‘
`’
`’
`’
`255/449. 579/93,
`’
`'
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,263,158 A
`71/1966 Bargen et all.
`3,609,697 A
`9/1971 Blevins ct a1.
`
`(Continued)
`
`.
`.
`Primary Examiner—James A Reagan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Marc S, Kaufman, Nixon
`Peabody) LLP
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`.
`.
`.
`Arendering system adapted for use in a system for managing
`use of content and operative to rendering content in accor-
`dance with usage rights associated with the content. The
`system includes a rendering device configured to render the
`content and a repository coupled to the rendering device and
`operative to enforce usage rights associated with the content
`and permit the rendering device to render the content in
`accordance with a manner of use specified by the usage
`rights,
`
`84 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
`
`10|
`
`(tutor Crates A
`Dian-l wu'k
`
`‘02
`Usage RightsAttached To
`DI Ital Work and
`Danes ted In newmry I
`
`
`Susmn Wit Rape/mm; I
`
` Reposiwr‘l IonianA
`
`lupusito Z Muss:
`lulu To D? ital Work fur
`Asm- Purpose
`
`
`
`lesiw tghndu Usl e
`RIghts
`g Itiwork o
`Dourmlned I mess May Be
`
`
`Granted
`
`Access Dmild
`Acct“ Granhd
`
`
`
`
`RI osfi
`|
`Reposito
`lTr-rmnls
`D' it: warkTo
`
`
`Termdmnoasslan
`With Error
`epofitory 2
`
`tfll
`
`Repository land_1 Each
`German Billing
`
`lntomutlon andTransmit
`
`To Credit Sonar
`
`
`
`
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 1
`
`
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`7/1981 3951
`4,278,837 A
`4/1982 Guillou
`4323921 A
`4/1984 Mayor
`4.442486 A
`7/1985 Chaum
`4,529,870 A
`12/1985 Arnold el all.
`4,558,176 A
`6/1986 Volk
`4,593,376 A
`9/1986 Pavlov et a1~
`4,614,891 A
`2/1987 Chandra et a1.
`4,644,493 A
`4/1987 Hellman
`4,658,093 A
`12/1987 Beobert el a1~
`4,713,753 A
`1/1989 Wolfe
`4,796,220 A
`3/1989 Chandra et a1.
`4,817,140 A
`5/1989 Shear
`4,827,508 A
`9/1989 Lessin et a1.
`4,868,376 A
`1/1990 Faber
`4,891,838 A
`5/1990 Hershey ct a1.
`4,924,378 A
`6/1990 Chou et 31-
`4,932,054 A
`6/1990 Robert et a1,
`4,937,863 A
`8/1990 Cohen
`4,949,187 A
`8/1990 Ryder, Sn eta1~
`4,953,209 A
`10/1990 Elliott et a1.
`4,961,142 A
`12/1990 Downer et a1.
`4,975,647 A
`12/1990 Shear
`4,977,594 A
`3/1991 Chernow et al.
`4,999,806 A
`4/1991 Katznelson
`5,010,571 A
`5/1991 Edwards, Jr.
`5,014,234 A
`6/1991 Johnson et al-
`5,023,907 A
`9/1991 W'iedelnel'
`5,047,928 A
`9/1991 Shear
`5,050,213 A
`9/1991 Preston et a1.
`5,052,040 A
`10/1991 Elmer at all.
`5,058,164 A
`4/1992 Waite ct al.
`5,103,476 A
`5/1992 Jahnson eta1~
`5,113,519 A
`8/1992 Flather
`5,136,643 A
`8/1992 Corbin ....................... 713/200
`5,138,712 A *
`9/199‘2 Geffrotin
`5,146,499 A
`9/1992 Abraham et a1.
`5,148,481 A
`10/1992 Eisele
`5,159,182 A
`2/1993 Aldous etal.
`5,183,404 A
`3/1993 Le Roux
`5,191,193 A
`4/1993 Wygnau
`5,204,897 A
`6/1993 Wartc ct al-
`5,222,134 A
`8/1993 Wobber et al.
`5,235,642 A
`9/1993 Sprague et al.
`5,247,575 A
`10/1993 Castro
`5,255,106 A
`5,260,999 A * 11/1993 W'yman ....................... 705/59
`5,263,157 A
`11/1993 Janis
`5,263,158 A
`11/1993 Jams .
`5,270,444 A
`1/1994 McNarr
`5,276,735 A
`W994 Beebert e! al~
`5,291,596 A
`3/1994 Mita
`5,295,266 A *
`3/1994 Hinsley et al.
`5,301,231 A
`4/1994 Abraham et al-
`5,311,591 A
`5/1994 Fischer
`5,319,705 A
`6/1994 Halter et al.
`5,335,346 A *
`8/1994 Fabbio ....................... 711/163
`5,337,357 A
`8/1994 Chou elal-
`5,339,091 A
`8/1994 Yamazaki ct al-
`5,339,392 A *
`8/1994 Risberg et al.
`5,341,429 A
`80994 Stringer el al-
`5,347,579 A
`9/1994 Blandford
`5,381,520 A
`1/1995 Ellson
`5,394,469 A
`2/1995 Nagel el al.
`5,410,598 A
`4/1995 Shear
`5,412,717 A
`5/1995 Fischer
`5,428,606 A
`6/1995 Moskowitz
`5,432,849 A
`7/1995 Johnson et a1.
`5,438,508 A
`8/1995 Wyman
`5,444,779 A
`8/1995 Daniele
`5,453,601 A
`9/1995 Rosen
`
`718/101
`
`345/762
`
`5,455,953 A
`5,457,746 A
`5,473,687 A
`5,473,692 A
`5,499,298 A
`5,502,766 A
`5,504,814 A
`5,504,818 A
`5,504,837 A
`5,509,070 A
`5,530,235 A
`5,532,920 A
`5,534,975 A
`57539735 A
`5,563,946 A
`5,568,552 A
`5,621,797 A
`5,629,980 A
`5,633,932 A
`5,634,012 A
`5,638,443 A
`5,649,013 A
`5,655,077 A
`5,703,717 A
`5,734,823 A
`5,734,891 A
`5,737,413 A
`5,737,416 A
`5,745,569 A
`5,748,783 A
`5,757,907 A
`5,761,686 A
`5,765,152 A
`5,768,426 A
`5,825,892 A
`5,892,900 A
`5,910,987 A
`5,915,019 A
`5,917,912 A
`5,920,861 A
`57940504 A
`5,943,422 A
`5,949,876 A
`5,982,891 A
`5999949 A
`6,047,067 A
`6,112,181 A
`6,115,471 A
`6,138,119 A
`6,157,721 A
`6,185,683 B1
`6,226,618 B1
`6,233,684 B1
`6,237,786 B1
`6,240,185 B1
`6,253,193 B1
`6,266,618 B1
`6,292.569 B1
`6,301,660 B1
`6,327,652 B1
`6,330,670 B1
`6,345,256 B1
`6,363,488 B1
`6,389,402 B1
`
`10/1995 Russell
`10/1995 Dolphin
`12/1995 Lipscomb et a1.
`12/1995 Davis
`3/1996 Narasirnhalu et al.
`3/1996 Boebel‘t et a1.
`4/1996 Miynhara
`4/1996 Okano
`4/1996 Grillelh el al.
`4/1996 59111111
`6/1996 Stefik et al.
`7/1996 Harlrick et a1,
`7/1996 Stefik et al.
`7/1990 MoskOWitz
`10/1996 Cooper et al.
`10/1996 Davis
`4/1997 Rosen
`5/1997 Stefik et al.
`5/1997 Davis et a1.
`/1997 Stcfik ct a1.
`6/1997 Stefik et al.
`7/1997 Sluckey el al.
`3/1997 Jones ct al.
`1/1998 Alasia
`3/1998 Saigh et a1.
`3/1998 Saigh
`4/1998 Akiyama el al.
`4/1998 Cooper et a1.
`4/1998 Moskowitz et a1.
`5/1998 Rhoads
`5/1998 Cooper et al.
`6/1998 Bloolnbefg
`6/1998 Erickson
`6/1998 Rhoads
`10/1998 Braudaway el all,
`4/1999 Ginter et a1.
`6/1999 Ginter etal.
`6/1999 Ginler el all.
`6/1999 Ginter et a1.
`7/1999 Hall etal.
`3/1999 Griswold
`8/1999 Van Wie et al.
`9/1999 Ginter et al.
`11/1999 Ginter et al.
`12/1999 Crandall
`4/2000 Rosen
`8/2000 Shear et al.
`9/20()() Oki el al.
`10/2000 Hall ct a1.
`12/2000 Shear et al.
`2/2001 Ginter et a1.
`5/2001 Downs 61 a1.
`5/2001 Stefik et al.
`5/2001 Ginter et al.
`5/2001 Van Wie et al.
`6/2001 Ginter et al.
`7/2001 Ye et a1,
`91/2001 Shear et a1.
`10/2001 Benson
`12/2001 England et al.
`12,2001 England et al.
`2/2002 Milsted et a].
`3/2002 Ginter et al.
`5/2002 Ginler el al.
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`GB
`GB
`JP
`JP
`
`0 725 376
`2 136 175
`2 236 604
`62-241061
`64-068835
`
`8/1996
`9/1984
`4/1991
`10/1987
`3/1989
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:21)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 2
`
`
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
` Page 3
`
`JP
`JP
`i:
`JP
`jp
`JP
`JP
`JP
`W0
`W0
`W0
`
`W0
`$8
`W0
`W0
`W0
`
`............. G06F/9/06
`
`H037282733
`Oil-36906?
`,
`gg'fggiéi
`06—215010
`07—084852
`07200317
`07—244639
`, 0 715 241
`WO 92/20022
`WO 93/01550
`WO 94/01821
`
`* 12/1991
`12/1992
`/
`121,133:
`8/1994
`3/1995
`8/1995
`9/1995
`6’,1996
`11/1992
`”1993
`1/1994
`
`561996
`“:0 9924992
`,
`,
`,
`1:33;
`:28 3527;213:333
`9/1998
`W0 98/42098
`9/1999
`W0 99/49615
`8/2001
`W0 01/63528
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Weber, R., “Digital Rights Management Technology” Oct.
`1995.
`Flasche, U. et al., “Decentralized Processing of Docu-
`ments”, pp. 119—131, 1986, Comput. & Graphics, vol. 10,
`No. 2.
`Mori, R. et al., “Superdistribution: The Concept and the
`Architecture”, pp. 113371146, 1990. The Transactions of the
`IEICE, Vo. E 73, No. 7, Tokyo, JP.
`Weber, R., “Metering Technologies for Digital Intellectual
`Property”, pp. 1729, Oct. 1994, AReport to the International
`Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations.
`Clark, RC. et al., “Bits: A Smartcard protected Operating
`System”, pp. 66770 and 94, Nov. 1994, Communications of
`the ACM, vol. 37, No. 11.
`Ross, P.E., “Data Guard”, pp. 101, Jun. 6, 1994, Forbes.
`Saigh, W.K., “Knowledge is Sacred”, 1992, Video Pocket/
`Page Reader Systems, Ltd.
`Kahn, R.E., “Deposit, Registration and Recordation in an
`Electronic Copyright Management System”, pp. 1—19, Aug.
`1992, Corporation for National Research Initiatives, Vir—
`ginia.
`Hilts, P. et al., “Books While U Wait”, pp. 48—50, Jan. 3,
`1994, Publishers Weekly.
`Strattner, A, “Cash Register on a Chip may Revolutionaize
`Software Pricing and Distribution; Wave Systems Corp”,
`pp. 1—3,Apr. 1994, Computer Shopper, vol. 14, No. 4, ISSN
`0886—0556.
`O’Conner, M., “New Distribution Option for Electronic
`Publishers; iOpener Data Encryption and Metering System
`for CD—ROM use; Column”, pp. 1—6, Mar. 1994, CD—ROM
`Professional, vol. 7, No. 2, ISSN: 1409—0833.
`Willett, S., “Metered PCs: Is Your System Watching You?
`Wave System beta tests new technology”, pp. 84, May 2,
`1994, InfoWorld.
`
`Linn, R., “Copyright and Information Services in the Con-
`text of the National Research and Education Network”, pp.
`,
`9720, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual Property Project Proceed—
`mgsi VOL 1’ Issue 1’_
`_
`Perrit, Jr., H., “Permiss1on Headers and Contract Law”, pp.
`27—48, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual Property Project Pro—
`ceedings, vol. 1, Issue 1.
`Upthegrove, L., “Intellectual Property Header Descriptors:
`.
`,,
`A Dynamic Approach , pp. 63—66, Jan. 1994, IMA Intel-
`lectual Property Proceedings, vol. 1, Issue 1.
`
`Sirbu, M., “Internet Billing Service Design and prototype
`.
`.
`Implementation”, pp. 67—80, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual
`Property Project Proceedlngs, vol. 1, Issue 1.
`Simmell, S. et al., “Metering and Licensing of Resources:
`Kala’s General Purpose Approach”, pp. 81—110, Jan. 1994,
`IMA Intellectual Property Project Proceedings, vol. 1, Issue
`1.
`
`Kahn, R., “Deposit Registration and Recordation in an
`Electronic Copyright Management System”, pp. 111—120,
`Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual Property Project Proceedings,
`vol. 1, Issue 1.
`Tygar, J. et al., “Dyad: ASystem for Using Physically Secure
`Coprocessors”, pp. 121—152, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual
`Property Project Proceedings, vol. 1, Issue 1.
`Griswold, G., “A Method for Protecting Copyright on Net—
`works”, pp. 169—178, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual Property
`Project Proceedings, vol. 1 Issue 1.
`Nelson, T., “A Publishing and Royalty Model for Networked
`Documents”, pp. 257—259, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual
`Property Project Proceedings, vol. 1, Issue 1.
`Robinson, E.,
`“Redefining Mobile Computing”,
`2387240, 2477248 and 252, Jul. 1993, PC Computing.
`Abadi, M. et al., “Authentication and Delegation with
`Smart—cards”, pp. 1—24, 1990, Research Report DEC Sys—
`tems Research Center.
`
`pp.
`
`Mark Stefik, “Letting Loose the Light: Igniting Commerce
`in Electronic Publication”, pp. 2197253, 1996,
`Internet
`Dreams: Archetypes, Myths,
`and Metaphors,
`IDSN
`(L2624937376.
`
`Mark Stefik, “Letting Loose the Light: Igniting Commerce
`in Electronic Publication”, pp. 2735, Feb. 8, 1995, Internet
`Dreams: Archetypes, Myths and Metaphors.
`Henry H. Perritt, Jr., “Technological Strategies for Protect—
`ing Intellectual Property in the Networked Multimedia Envi—
`ronment”, Apr.
`273,
`1993, Knowbots, Permissions
`Headers & Contract Law.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:22)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 3
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 1 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 1
`
`V
`Creator Creates A
`Digital Work
`
`101
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`102
`
`Usage Rights Attached To
`Digital Work and
`Deposnted In Repository 1
`
`
`
`Repository 2 Initiates A
`Session With Repository 1
`
`
`
`
`
`Repository ; Requests
`Access To DI
`ital Work for
`
`
`A State Purpose
`
`
`
`Granted
`
`Access Granted Access Denied
`
`
`
`
`1 Transmits
`Repostiory 1
`Reposito
`Terminates Session
`Digita Work To
`
`
`With Error
`Repository 2
`
`
`
`Repository 1 Checks Usa e
`Rights of D} ital Work 0
`Determined l Access May Be
`
`107
`
`108
`
`Repository 1and_2 Each
`Generate Billing
`Information and Transmit
`
`To Credit Server
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:23)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 4
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 2 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 2
`
`.
`RQPOS'tWY
`Tranéggaons
`
`:
`: Master
`': Reposflory :
`:
`204
`:
`:
`:
`....
`....
`
`.
`Reposstory
`Transactions
`205
`
`
`\.
`
`.I-IIIIII'O'IOII
`
`C
`
`'
`
`: Authorization :
`:
`ito
`.
`: “"32 'y :
`
`
`203
`
`:
`
`Figure 3
`
`
`
`Repository
`201
`
`
`Billing
`Transactions
`
`302
`.
`'
`iaiiii'n'é
`: Clearinghouse:
`'
`303
`2
`
`Clearinghouse
`Protocol
`304
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:24)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 5
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 3 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 4a
`
`Printios‘lystem
`
`r - - - p l- - — - ——————————— — - 1
`I
`I
`
`
`
`
`I II I
`
`I I L
`
`
`
`
`
`Repository
`404
`
`
`Printer
`
`Repository
`
`402
`
`---——----------J
`
`Print Device
`403
`
`
`
`\
`I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
`.I
`
`Multi-Function System
`41 O
`
`
`
`
`Display!
`Execution
`
`
`Repository
`
`41 1
`
`Eiéecqtion
`ngme
`
`413
`
` —-——---—-—1
`
`I I IL----—--——-
`
`Repository
`41 5
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:25)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 6
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 4 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`
`
`0
`
`
`
`1,500
`
`Text
`614
`
`Photo
`615
`
`1 0.000
`
`30.000
`
`
`
`Graphics
`616
`
`Sidebar
`617
`
`Figure 6
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:26)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 7
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 5 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 7
`
`'
`
`Identifier 701
`
`Starting Address 702
`
`Length 703
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rights Portion 704
`
`Parent Pointer 705
`
`Child Pointer 706
`
`Descriptor
`Block
`(d-block)
`700
`
`Child Pointer 706
`
`
`
`Figure 9
`
`
`
`
`
`dobiock
`928
`(Sidebar)
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:27)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 8
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 6 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 10
`
`1052
`
`Status
`Information
`
`‘
`
`Figure 1 4
`
`Sgecification
`omponent
`Component
`
`
`1452
`1451
`
`
`
` Ttansactional
`
`
`
`
`Copy Count
`1453
`
`Fees/Incentives
`1454
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:28)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 9
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8, 2005
`
`Sheet 7 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`e
`
`root
`d-block
`1101
`
`Identifier (Magazine)
`
`Starting Address (0)
`
`I -
`
`Length (100 000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINTMEW)
`u
`
`.
`Child Painters
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 11
`
`Identifier (Article 1)
`
`Starting Address (0)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT,VIEW)
`
`Child Pointers
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`d-block
`1102
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`identifier (Article 3) .
`
`Starting Address
`(50.001)
`
`Length (25.000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(VIEW)
`Parent Painter
`
`Child Pointers
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`identifier (Article 2)
`
`Starting Address
`(25.001)
`
`Length (25.000)
`
`Rights Portion 7
`(PRINTNIEVV)
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1 105
`
`Identifier (Article 4)
`
`Starting Address
`(75.001)
`
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`( RINT (Fee))
`
`Child Pointers
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`d-block
`1103
`
`d-block
`11 04
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 10
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8, 2005
`
`Sheet 8 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 12
`
`Processing
`Means
`/ 1200
`
`
`
`Processing
`Element
`
`_
`,
`
`Processor
`Memory
`1202ry
`
`;
`-
`
`External
`Interface
`1206
`
`Storage
`System
`
`
`
`E
`
`Content
`Storage
`
`:
`
`p uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu COIOIDII'/1207
`
`
`1203
`Descriptor
`Storage
`
`
`User
`Interface
`1305
`
`1301
`
`Repository Specfic
`Software
`Function/Services
`1304
`
`Usage Transaction
`Handlers
`1303
`
`Core Repository
`Semcesl
`Transaction
`Handfing
`1302
`
`Operating
`System
`
`Identification
`Certificates
`1 306
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:20)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 11
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 9 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`1501 ~«Digital Work Rights: = (Right?)
`1502~Right := (Right-Code {Copy-Count} {Control-Spec} {Time-Spec }
`{Access-Spec} {Fee-SpecD
`1503~Bight~Code := Render-Code | Transport-Code l File-Management-
`Codel Derivative-Works- Code [Configuration-Code
`1504 ~Render-Code := [Play : {Player-2 Player-ID} IPrint; {Printert Printer-{DH
`1505 ~Transport-Code : = [Copy | Transfer 1 Loan {Remaining-Rights:
`Next-SetofiRights}]{(Nebeopy-Rights: Next-Set-of—Rights)}
`1505~File-Management-Code
`:= Backup {Back-Up-Copy-Rights:
`Next-Set-Of-Rights} I Restore I Delete | Folder
`
`| Directory {Nwe: Hide-Local l Hide-Remote}
`{Pm-ts: Hide-Local l Hide-Remote}
`1507~Derivative—Works—Code := [Extract l Embed [ Edit{Process:
`Processpmn {Next-Copy-Righhs :
`Next-Set-ofRights}
`
`1508~Configurafion-Code := Install [Uninstall
`1509 ~Next-set-of-Rights : = {(Add: Set-Of-Righta)} {(Delete:
`Set-Of-Rights)} {(Replnce: Set-Of-Rights )}{(Keep: Savor-Rights )}
`1510~Copy-Count := (Copiea:positive-integer | 0 I Unlimited)
`151 1 ~Control-Spec : = (Control: {Restrictable | Unreshictable}
`{Unchargeable l ChargeableD
`1512 ~Tlme-Spoc := ({Fixed—Interval [Sliding-Interval [ Meter-Time}
`Until: Expiration-Date)
`1513M Fixed-Interval := From: Start-Time
`
`1514 ~Sliding-Interval : = Interval: Use-Duration
`1515~Meter-Time: = Time-Remaining: Remaining-Use
`151 6~ Acces s-Spec : = ((80: Security-Class} {Authorizationz Authot'ization—ID*}
`{Other—Authorization; Authorizafion—D)*}{'1‘icket: 'I‘ickefrIDH
`1517~Fee~Spec: = {Scheduled-Discount} Regular—Fee-Spec I Scheduled-Fee-Spec I
`Markup—Spec
`1518~Scheduled~Discount= = Scheduled-Discount: (Scheduled-Discount:
`(Time-Spec Percentage)*)
`1519~Regular-Fee-Spec := ({Fee: I Incentive: } [Per-Use-Spec | Metered-Rate-
`Spec I Best-Price-Spec I Call-For-Price-Spec]
`(Min: Money-Unit Per: Time~Spec}{Max:
`Money-Unit Per: Time-Spec} To: Account-ID)
`
`1520~Per-Use-Spec: = Per-Use: Money-unit
`1521 ~Metered-Rate-Spec := Metered: Money—Unit Per: Timespec
`1522MBest-Price-Spec := Best-Price: Money—unit Max: Money-unit
`1523~Call-For-Price-Spec := Call-For -Prioe
`1524~ Scheduled-Fee-Spec:= (Schedule: (Time-Sp c Reglflar-Fee-Spec) )
`1525 ~Markup-Spec: = Markup: perc ntage To: Account-ID
`
`Fig. 1 5
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:21)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 12
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 10 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`REPOSITORY-1
`
`REPOSITORY-Z
`
`istration
`Generate R
`Identi ier
`
`Generate Registration
`Message
`
`Transmit Registration
`Message
`
`Decrypt Performance
`Message
`
`No
`
`1601
`
`1 602
`
`
`
`No
`
`Pu blic Check
`
`Yes
`
`Decrypt Registration
`
`161 ’
`
`Save Encrypted
`Reposito -1
`Regustratronl entlfler
`
`
`
`
`
`Extract Repository-1
`
`
`
`Reposito
`Names 0.
`.7
`
`
`
`
`Repository-1
`on Hotlist?
`
`No
`
`Generate Performance
`Message
`
`
` Time Accurate?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmit Performance
`Message
`
`
`
` Registration
`
`Identifier Same
`As One Sent?
`
`Yes
`
`
`
` once Same
`
`As Original?
`
`
`
`
`[Repository- 1
`.
` Rep sitory- 2
`Termmate Transaction
`Terminate Transaction
`
`@
`
`
`
`Fig.16
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:22)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 13
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 11 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`REPOSITORY-1
`
`‘
`
`REPOSITORY-Z
`
`1701
`
`Create a Session Key Pair
`
`Decrypt Second Key
`
`1702
`
`'
`
`in
`Enc pt Second Key Usin
`Q
`Public Key of Repository-2
`
`Generate Timestamp
`Exchange Message
`
`1703
`
`Transmit Encrypted Second
`Key To Repository-2
`
`1707
`
`Generate Timestamp
`Message
`
`Transmit Timestamp
`Exchange Message
`To Repositoryfl
`
`1704
`
`1705
`
`1706
`
`Transmit Timestam
`Note Current TimeI
`Message To Repository—2
`
`1710
`
`Save Time From Repository-1
`
`1711
`
`Compare Current Time With
`, Time From Repository-1
`
`1712
`
`
`Time
`
`No
`
`Difference Exceed
`
`Tolerance?
`
`
`
`
`Terminate Transaction
`
`
` Compute Ad'usted
`
`Ime De
`
`Fig. 17
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:23)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 14
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8,2005
`
`Sheet 12 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`arguesrta
`
`1801
`
`
`Requester
`
`
`Performs Generll
`Tests
`
`
`Tests Passed
`Tests Fai led
`
`1802
`Do Not Initiate
`
`Transaction
`
`Figure 18
`
`
`1303
`SERVER
`Server Generates Tran section
`
`Identifier
`
`130‘
`
`-
`Right Granted?
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`305
`
`1
`
`
`
`No
`
`
`
`Time Based
`onditlons Sotlsfied?
`
`
`
`
`Security A -
`Auess Conditions
`
`Satisifed
`
`Yes
`
`1808
`
`
`Copy Count = 0
`
`?
`
`Yes
`
` °
`Copies in Use For
`Right > Copy Count
`
`0
`01 Request?
`
`1813
`Determine Set
`01 Remaining
`Rights
`
`
`
`
`N
`
`1an
`Deuement Copy
`Count For Right
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1814
`
`Right In
`
`
`Remaining Set
`
`of Rights?
`
`
`1305
`
`1817
`
`Decrement Copies in Use For
`nght By Number In Request
`
`1818
`
`
`
`
`For Metered Use. Subtract
`ondmons Satisfied?
`
`Elapsed Time From Remaining
`
`
`Use Time For Right
`Yes
`
`1816
`
`Perform Usage
`T""““'°“ 5"”
`
`1819
`Initiate End-Charge Financiai
`Transaction to Confirm fliiling
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:24)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 15
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 8, 2005
`
`Sheet 13 0f 13
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`Figure 19
`
`Next Data
`
`+
`
`do23CHI
`
`Commit Report To
`Credit Server
`1914
`
`Report Error
`To Credit Server
`
`1915
`-----..----------.-.-
`
`Ack
`
`Ad‘
`
`Line
`1901
`
`-Inc-nnnn-nah-n-n-n-a-n-QQQ-n-—--——--
`
`New
`Transaction
`I902
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`No More
`Data
`
`
`
`Commit Report to
`Credit Server
`191 6
`
`
`Report Error
`To Credit Server
`19::
`
`(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:25)
`Patent Owner Content Guard Holdings, Inc. - Exhibit 2004, p. 16
`
`
`
`US 6,963,859 B2
`
`1
`CONTENT RENDERING REPOSITORY
`
`Continuation of prior application Ser. No.: 09/778,006
`filed Feb. 7, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,714,921; which is a
`Division of US. Ser. No.: 08/967,084 filed Nov. 10, 1997,
`now U.S. Pat. No. 6,236,971 and which is a Continuation of
`US. Ser. No.: 08/344,760 filed Nov. 23, 1994, now aban-
`doned.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to the field of distribution
`and usage rights enforcement for digitally encoded works.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`A fundamental issue facing the publishing and informa-
`tion industries as they consider electronic publishing is how
`to prevent the unauthorized and unaccounted distribution or
`usage of electronically published materials. Electronically
`published materials are typically distributed in a digital form
`and recreated on a computer based system having the
`capability to recreate the materials. Audio and video
`recordings, software, books and multimedia works are all
`being electronically published. Companies in these indus-
`tries receive royalties for each accounted for delivery of the
`materials, e.g. the sale of an audio CD at a retail outlet. Any
`unaccounted distribution of a work results in an unpaid
`royalty (e.g. copying the audio recording CD to another
`digital medium)
`The ease in which electronically published works can be
`“perfectly” reproduced and distributed is a major concern.
`The transmission of digital works over networks is com-
`monplace. One such widely used network is the Internet.
`The Internet is a widespread network facility by which
`computer users in many universities, corporations and gov-
`ernment entities communicate and trade ideas and informa-
`tion. Computer bulletin boards found on the Internet and
`commercial networks such as CompuServ and Prodigy
`allow for the posting and retrieving of digital information.
`Information services such as Dialog and LEXIS/NEXIS
`provide databases of current, information on a wide variety
`of topics. Another factor which will exacerbate the situation
`is the development and expansion of the National Informa-
`tion Infrastructure (the N11). It is anticipated that, as the N11
`grows, the transmission of digital works over networks will
`increase many times over. It would be desirable to utilize the
`N11 for distribution of digital works without the fear of
`widespread unauthorized copying.
`The most straightforward way to curb unaccounted dis-
`tribution is to prevent unauthorized copying and transmis-
`sion. For existing materials that are distributed in digital
`form, various safeguards are used. In the case of software,
`copy protection schemes which limit the number of copies
`that can be made or which corrupt the output when copying
`is detected have been employed. Another scheme causes
`software to become disabled after a predetermined period of
`time has lapsed. A technique used for workstation based
`software is to require that a special hardware device must be
`present on the workstation in order for the software to run,
`e.g., see US. Pat. No. 4,932,054 entitled “Method and
`Apparatus for Protecting Computer Software Utilizing
`Coded Filter Network in Conjunction with an Active Coded
`Hardware Device.” Such devices are provided with the
`software and are commonly referred to as dongles.
`Yet another scheme is to distribute software, but which
`requires a “key” to enable it’s use. This is employed in
`distribution schemes where “demos” of the software are
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`30
`
`35
`
`4o
`
`45
`
`LALA
`
`60
`
`65
`
`
`
`2
`3rovided on a medium along with the entire product. The
`demos can be fre