..bNMnmmmmrOf.mSdradnaLIL8
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`

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`Trademarks and disclaimers
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`Contents
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`Introduction
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`1 Copyright © 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
`December 2000. Printed in the United States of America.
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`
`How to Use This Dictionary
`
`Categories
`
`Trademarks
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Abstracts and Sources
`
`Non-IEEE Standards Sources
`
`1294
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`1351
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`
`

`
`.mqueu¢y-change signaling
`459
`ucy.change signaling (telecommunications) A method
`w,q.“;hich one or more particular frequencies correspond to
`h desired signaling condition. Note: The transition from-
`“in: set offrequencies to the other may be either a continuous
`" .
`adiscO1’llZlI1l101lS change in frequency or inphase. See also:
`""”I5quenCy moduiatiou
`(COM) [49]
`.
`c characteristic (telephone sets) Electrical and acous-
`Mtluen y
`.—
`‘
`functions of frequency. Note: Examples
`~t
`M1531 pwpemes -as
`~
`-
`-
`lttficlude an aIup11tude—frequency characteristic and an imped-
`'
`-
`MIT
`.1
`effrequency Charactensnci
`A) 269 971w
`(CO
`-urmc
`.
`'.‘:.‘~:-quency’ chopped See: Cholipmg rate.
`.
`.
`fiflquency control The reg-u1amm~0f frequency Wlthm a nmfw
`” range» S“ “Isa generating Stat1°T1-
`(T&D/PE) [ 0]
`1. quen€Y'C°“V""'5'°“ transducer See“ Converslon transducer‘
`;%guency C0IlVel't€l‘
`(1) A machine. d€ViCCa
`01' System for
`‘ ohanging ac at one frequency to ac at a different frequency.
`‘I,
`(PEL/ET) 388-19921’
`i'}E(z) See also.‘ frequency Ch311g°1'~
`uency converter, commutator type (rotating machinery)
`lAp01yphase machine the rotor of which has one or two wind-
`Lings connected to slip rings and ‘to a commutator. Note.‘ By
`“hang one set of terminals with a voltage of given fre—
`quency, a voltage of another frequency may be obtained from
`"Wile other set of terminals. See also: asynchronous machine.
`(PE)
`[9]
`
`corner See: comer frequency.
`cyclotron See; cyclotron frequency.
`damped See: damped frequency.
`
` 7'
`
`'ation of a carrier frequency or center frequency from its
`uiassigned value. Note: The term frequency deviation, which
`bliss been used for this meaning, is in conflict with this essen-
`Mtial term as applied to phase and frequency modulation and
`oils therefore deprecated for future use in the above sense. See
`AMI”; radio transmission.
`(AP/ANT) 145-19833
`ll,ff“°“°y'd§p°"d°“t “egafive resismr A“ i’“"eda”°° °.f the
`-orrn 1/(Ks ), where K IS a real positive constant and s is the
`r ééomplex frequency VaIiab1e'
`(GAS) [13]
`fiequeucy-derived channel (1) A channel obtained from mul-
`Wfiplcxing a chaIme1.by frequency d.iViSi(.m'
`(C) 61074995
`1: (2) A charmel obtained from multiplexing a chaimel by fre—
`‘q"°n°y'diVisi°n'
`(C) 610'10'1994W
`, quency deviation (1) (power system) System frequency mi-
`'1
`ugnus the Scheduled fTeCl“eH°Y- S99 “(S05 fiequency modulation?
`mfitequency departure.
`(PE/PSE) 94—l970w, 858—1993w
`(2) (telecommunication fre
`d I
`'
`quency mo u ation) The peak
`,
`iistlifference between the instantaneous frequency of the mod-
`ii
`iflated wave and the carrier frequency.
`(AP/PE/IM/ANT/HFIM) 145-1983s, 599-1985w, [40],
`270_i964W
`2(3) (frequency modulation broadcast receivers) The differ-
`ence between the instantaneous frequency of the modulated
`"wave and the carrier frequency.
`(BT) 185-1975w
`'*?(4)lI1stantaneous, normalized, or fractional frequency depar-
`4‘-tllre from a nominal frequency.
`(SCC27) 1139-1999
`W5) An increase or decrease in the power frequency from nom-
`inal. The duration of a frequency deviation can be from sev-
`
`
`
`frequency hopping
`
`duplicate transmitters and receivers, or may divide the trans-
`mitted pulse into subpulses at different frequencies, to which
`parallel receiver charmels are tuned.
`(AES) 686-1997
`frequency diversity reception (data transmission) That form
`of diversity reception that utilizes transmission at different
`frequencies.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`frequency divider (1) A device for delivering an output wave
`whose frequency is a proper function, usually a submultiple,
`of the input frequency. Note: Usually the output frequency is
`an integral submultiple or an integral proper fraction of the
`input frequency. See also: harmonic conversion transducer.
`(AP/PE/ANT) 145-1983s, 599-1985w
`(2) (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal waveguide com-
`ponents) A device for delivering output power at a frequency
`that is usually an integral proper fraction or integral submul—
`tiple of the input frequency.
`(MTT) 457-1982w
`frequency division multiple access (communication satellite)
`A method of providing multiple access to a communication
`satellite in which the transmissions from a particular earth
`station occupy a particular assigned frequency band. In the
`satellite the signals are simultaneously amplified and trans-
`posed to a different frequency band and retransmitted. The
`earth station identifies its receiving channel according to its
`assigned frequency band in the satellite signal.
`
`(COM) [19]
`
`frequency-division multiplex (data transmission) (telecom-
`munications) The process or device in which each modulat-
`ing wave modulates a separate subcarrier and the subcarriers
`are spaced in frequency. Note: Frequency division permits
`the transmission of two or more signals over a common path
`by using different frequency bands for the transmission of the
`intelligence of each message signal.
`(AP/PE/ANT) 145-1983s, 599-1985w, 270-l964w
`frequency-division multiplexing (1) Dividing a communica-
`tion charmel’s bandwidth among several sub—charmels with
`different carrier frequencies. Each sub—charmel can carry sep-
`arate data signals.
`(LM/C) 802.7—1989r
`(2) A multiplexing technique for sharing a transmission chan-
`nel wherein carrier signals of different frequencies are trans-
`mitted simultaneously.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`frequency-division switching (telephone switching systems)
`A method of switching that provides a common path with a
`separate frequency band for each of the simultaneous calls.
`(COM) 312-1977w
`frequency domain A function in which frequency is the inde-
`pendent variable.
`i
`(EMC) 1128-1998
`frequency domain calibration A result which is the transfer
`function of the sensor or probe. A continuous wave calibra-
`tion is a transfer function at a single frequency.
`(EMC) 1309-1996
`frequency doubler (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal
`waveguide components) A device for delivering output
`power at a frequency that is twice the input frequency.
`(MTT/AP/ANT) 457-1982w, 145-1983s
`frequency drift (1) (nonreal time spectrum analyzer) Gradual
`shift or change in displayed frequency over a period of time
`due to change in components (Hz/sec), (Hz/°C), etc.
`[14]
`(IM)
`(2) (spectrum analyzer) Gradual shift or change in displayed
`
`
`
`
`
`Frenkel defect
`
`458
`
`frequency ch
`'
`- tit
`
`F
`
`Frenkel defect (solar cells) A defect consisting of the displace-
`ment of a single atom from its place in the atomic lattice of
`a crystal, the atom then occupying an interstitial position.
`(AES/SS) 307-l969w
`_
`I
`reqiience Optimum de Travail (FOT) (radio-Wave propa-
`gation) The‘French phrase for Optimum Working Frequency
`(OWF) apphes to ionospheric propagation. Note: The FOT is
`estimated as 0.85 of the predicted monthly median maximum
`_
`_
`useable frequency (MUF). See also: optimum working fre—
`quency.
`(AP/PROP) 211-1990s
`frequency (1) (automatic control) The number of periods, or
`specified fractions of periods, per unit time. Notes: 1. The
`frequency may be stated in cycles per second, or in radians
`per second, where 1 cycle = 2 pi radians.
`(PE/EDPG) [3]
`(2) (periodic function) (data transmission) (Wherein time
`is the independent variable)
`
`a) (general). The number of periods per unit time.
`b) (automatic control). The number of periods, or specified
`fractions of periods, per unit time. Note: The frequency
`may be stated in cycles per second, or in radians per sec-
`cud, where 1 Cycle : two mdianS_
`C) (uausfoi-mei)_ The mimbm. of Periods occurring per unit
`time_
`(1) (pulse terms). The reciprocal of period.
`
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(3) (pulse terminology) A pulse radar in which the transmit-
`ter carrier frequency is changed between pulses in a random
`or pseudo-random way by an amount comparable to the re-
`ciprocal of the pulsewidth, or a multiple thereof.
`(AES/RS) 686-1982s
`(4) (power and distribution transformers) The number of
`periods occurring per unit time.
`(PE/TR) C57.l2.80-1978r
`(5) (overhead power lines) The number of complete cycles
`of sinusoidal variation per unit time. Notes: 1. Typically, for
`ac power lines, the power frequency is 60 Hz in NOITl’1 Amer-
`ica and certain other parts of the world and 50 Hz in Europe
`and many other areas of the world. 2. Electric and magnetic
`field strength components produced by power lines have fre—
`quencies equal to that of power line Voltages and currents.
`3. _The term “power frequency” is often used to avoid speci-
`fying whether the power line in question operates at 50 Hz
`or 60 Hz.
`(PE/T&D) 539-1990
`(6) (broadband local area networks) The number of times
`a periodic signal repeats itself in a unit of time, usually one
`second. One hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. One kilohertz
`(kHz) is 1000 cycles per second. One megahertz (MHz) is 1
`000 000 “yd” PC’ S°°°“d'
`(LM/C) 302-7'1939r
`_
`_
`_
`_
`1(lZ1)i;I'ti1i:r1E“§(5;:(:.0§)C<]>3IIfi:13C1£c£:cyc(i1les ofsuiusofiidiivariationper
`have a fuildamehtal fre
`3“ magnet“:
`C
`‘-‘0mP01'|5.m5
`quency equal to that of the power line
`voltages and currents. 2) For ac power lines, the most widely
`used frequencles are 60 HZ and 50 HZ-
`(T&D/PE) 644-1994
`K
`(8) The number of times per second that a wave cycle (one
`peak and one trough) repeats at a given amplitude.
`_
`_
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(9) (of a periodic oscillation or wave) The number of identical
`cycles per second, measured in Hertz.
`
`(AP/PROP) 211-1997
`
`bands for use by specific radio services. See also; sis
`magnetic C°mPatibi1itY§ f1'e‘l“5n°3’ aH0Cali0D-
`(EMC)
`f"e‘_l“°“°_Y 3_“°tme“t Th‘? PWCCSS Of dfisignatillg radio fie
`cies within an allocated band for use within specific
`.
`graphic. areas. See also: frequency allotment plan; 61,
`magnetic compatibility.
`(EMQBQ
`frequency allotment plan The plan (of frequency a]_10
`_
`resulting from the process of designating radio fieque ”
`,
`_
`within an allocated band f
`‘th‘
`'
`..
`or use W1
`In Speclfic geogmll.
`areas. See also: frequency allotment; electr
`Omague
`'
`patibility.
`(EMt‘° °
`frequency assignment The process of designating mg [
`quency for use by a specific station under specified condii
`of operations. See also: electromagnetic compatibility. M
`‘l‘1'~‘-HCY 359-igT1H16I1t list
`(EMC)'
`frequency assignment list The list of frequency assigiim
`resultig from the process of designating radio frequency
`i
`use by a specific station under specified conditions of
`ations. See also: frequency assignment; electromagnetic H
`Patibi1iTY-
`(EMC)
`frequency band (1) A continuous range of frequencies ext
`mg between two limiting frequencies. Note.’ The term
`quency band or band is also used in the sense of the U“
`bandwidth See 0750-‘ Channel; Signal; signal wave_
`(IM/IE/BT/AP/ANT) [14], [43], 270—1966w, 182-19 —
`145-1
`(2) (overhead-power-line corona and radio noise) A c
`tinuous range of frequencies extending between two .,
`frequencies. Note: Some bands of frequencies that are de
`l
`by agreement are called “charmels.” A band used in a p
`ular communication link is also called a channel.
`(T&D/PE) 539-
`(3) (spectrum analyzer) A continuous range of frequeu“
`extending between two limiting frequencies.
`(IM) 748-19 .
`frequency-band number The number N in the expressioiitl
`><10N that defines the range of band N. Frequency ban
`extends from 0.3 x 10N hertz, the lower limit exclusivej
`upper limit inciusivs
`(stdioo) 270_196
`frequency band of emission (communication band) Tlieb
`of frequencies effectively occupied by that emission, or-i
`type of transmission and the speed of signaling used. See als’
`radio uansmissiOn_
`(AP/ANT) 14549
`frequency bands (mobile communication) The frequency’
`locations that have been made available for land mobile co
`munications by the Federal Communications Commissio
`ciuding me spectral bands: 250 to 50_0 megahertz, 1503 iii.
`173 4 me ahertz and 450 0 to 470 0 me ahertz
`_
`,
`_
`_
`_
`g
`g
`(VT) [3,
`
`I
`
`frequency bias (1) (electric power system) An offset of 11
`scheduled net interchange that varies with frequency error,“
`(PE/PSE) 858-1993w, 94-1991
`(2) (electric power system) An offset in the scheduled
`interchange power of a control area that varies in proportlo
`to the frequency deviation. Note: This offset is in a dire
`to assist in restoring the frequency to schedule. See all
`power system.
`(PE/PSE)
`frequency bias setting A coefficient that, when multiplie
`frequency error, yields the frequency bias component of I