0001
`
`Marvell Semiconductor, Inc.
`MediaTek Inc.
`MediaTek USA, Inc.
`Exh. 1008
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 7,477,624
`
`

`
`Words that are believed to be registered trademarks
`have been checked with authoritative sources. No in-
`vestigation has been made of common-law trademark
`rights in any word, because such investigation is im-
`practicable. Words that are known to have current
`registrations are shown with an initial capital and are
`also identified as trademarks. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expres-
`sion of the Publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it
`is subject to proprietary rights. Indeed, no definition
`in this Dictionary is to be regarded as affecting the
`validity of any trademark.
`
`1985 by Houghton Muffin Com-
`Copyright ' 1982,
`pany. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be
`reproduced or transmitted hI any form or by any
`means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-
`copying and recording, or by any information storage
`or retrieval system, except as may be expressly per-
`mitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing by the
`Publisher.
`
`All correspondence and inquiries should be directed to
`Reference Division, Houghton Mifflin Company
`One Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`Main entry under title:
`American Heritage dictionary.
`Rev. ed. of: American Heritage dictionary of the
`English language. New college ed. c1976.
`1. English language(cid:151)Dictionaries.
`I. Morris,
`William, 1913-
`PE1625.A54 1982 (cid:9)
`ISBN 0-395-32943-4
`ISBN 0-395-32944-2 (thumb index)
`ISBN 0-395-33959-6 (deluxe edition)
`
`82-9346
`
`423 (cid:9)
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`0002
`
`

`
`CONTENTS
`
`INTRODUCTION .....................................6
`
`STAFF...............................................9
`
`USAGE PANEL ......................................11
`
`CONSULTANTS ......................................15
`
`SPECIAL ARTICLES
`Language, Culture, and the American Heritage ...........17
`Lee Pederson
`Usage and Acceptability in Language
`30
`Dwight Bolinger ......................................
`32
`William F. Buckley, Jr. (cid:9) ............................... .
`English and Good English ..............................34
`Geoffrey Nunberg
`The Mathematics of Language ..........................37
`Henry KuØera
`
`GUIDE TO THE DICTIONARY .........................42
`
`STYLE MANUAL .....................................
`
`55
`
`PRONUNCIATION KEY ..............................64
`
`DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ..........65
`
`BIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES ............................. 1409
`
`GEOGRAPHIC ENTRIES ..............................1466
`
`ABBREVIATIONS .......................................1536
`
`FOUR-YEAR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ........1546
`
`Two-YEAR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES .........1556
`
`PICTURE CREDITS ...................................1565
`
`0003
`
`

`
`It
`
`votary
`Votary of Diana
`
`voting machine
`
`vortices I Vulpecula
`Any of various bell-shaped, ciliated, stalked protozoans of
`the genus Vorticella. [NLat. Vorticella, genus name < Lat.
`vortex, vortex.]
`vor-tices (v(cid:244)r’ti-sºz’) n. A plural of vortex.
`vor’ti(cid:149)cose (vbr’ti-kOs’) ad/. Vortical.
`vor’tiginous (v(cid:244)r-tij’-ns) adj. Vortical. [< Lat. vertigo,
`vertigin-, a whirling < vertere, to turn.]
`vo(cid:149)ta.ry (vb’ta-r6) ti., p1. -ries. 1. A person bound by vows to
`live a life of religious worship or service; monk or nun. 2. A
`person fervently devoted to a religion, activity, leader, or
`to vow.)
`ideal. 1< Lat. votum, vow < vovºre,
`Synonyms: votary, devotee, habituØ, fan. These nouns
`mean an adherent of a person, cause, or activity. Votary and
`devotee imply strong personal commitment to the service of
`a person or thing, usually in a favorable sense. Both can
`refer to religious dedication or, by extension, to attachment
`to a branch of learning, a hobby, or a cultural pursuit. Ha-
`bituØ refers to one in regular attendance at a place offering a
`certain kind of activity. Fan is an informal term for an ar-
`dent enthusiast or admirer.
`vote (vOt) n. 1. a. A formal expression of preference for a
`candidate for office or for a proposed resolution of an issue.
`b. The way by which such a preference is made known, as
`by a raised hand or a ballot. 2. The number of votes cast in
`an election or to resolve an issue: a heavy vote in his favor.
`3. A group of voters: the labor vote. 4. The result of an elec-
`tion or referendum. 5. The right to participate as a voter;
`suffrage. -v. vot-ed, voting, votes. -intr. To express one’s
`preference by a vote; cast one’s vote. -tr. 1. To express
`one’s preference for; endorse by a vote. 2. To bring into
`existence or make available by vote: vote new funds for a
`program. 3. To declare or pronounce by general consent:
`voted the play a success. -phrasal verbs, vote down. To
`defeat by casting a negative vote, vote in. To elect, vote out.
`To remove from elective office by supporting the opposi-
`to vow.] -vot’able, vote’a
`tion. [Lat. votum, vow < vovºre,
`ble ad]. -vot’er n.
`vote getter n. 1. A candidate with abilities and qualities that
`attract votes in his favor. 2. A means of drawing votes.
`vote-less (vot’lis) ad]. Having no vote, esp. denied a political
`vote.
`voting machine n. An apparatus for use in polling places
`that mechanically records and counts votes.
`votive (vO’tiv) ad]. 1. Given or dedicated in fulfillment of a
`vow or pledge: a votive offering. 2. Expressing a wish, desire,
`or vow: a votive prayer. [Lat. votivus < votum, vow.] -vo’-
`tive-ly adv.
`votive Mass n. Rom. Cath. Ch. A Mass differing from one
`prescribed for a certain day in that it is celebrated at the
`direction of authority, because of special circumstances, or
`at the decision of the priest.
`vouch (vouch) v. vouched, vouch-ing, vouch-es. -tr. 1. To
`substantiate by supplying evidence; verify. 2. Law. To sum-
`mon as a witness to give warranty of title. 3. Archaic. To
`cite (an authority, for example) as supporting evidence for
`one’s statements, opinions, or actions. 4. Archaic. To assert;
`declare. -intr. 1. To furnish a guarantee; give personal as-
`surance. 2. To function or serve as a guarantee; furnish sup-
`porting evidence. -n. Obs. A declaration of opinion;
`assertion. [ME vouchen, to summon to court < OFr. voucher
`< Lat. vocare, to call.]
`vouch-er (vou’char) n. 1. A person who vouches. 2. A docu-
`ment that serves as proof that the terms of a transaction
`have been met.
`vouch-safe (vouch-saf’, vouch’saf’) try. -safed, -saf-ing,
`-safes. To condescend to grant or bestow (a privilege, for
`example); deign. [ME vouchen sauf to warrant as safe.]
`-vouch’safe’ment n.
`vous’soir (v65(cid:246)-swar’)
`.n. Any of the wedge-shaped stones
`that form the curved parts of an arch or vaulted ceiling. [Fr.
`< OFr. vossoir < VLat. * vo lsorium <
`var. of Lat.
`volutu.s, p.part. of volvere, to turn.]
`vow (you) n. 1. An earnest promise or pledge that binds one
`to perform a specified act or behave in a certain manner,
`esp. a solemn promise to live and act in accordance with the
`prescriptions of a religious body: a nun’s vows. 2. A formal
`declaration or assertion. -v. vowed, vow-ing, vows. -tr.
`1. To promise or pledge solemnly. 2. To make a pledge or
`threat to undertake: vowing revenge on their persecutors.
`3. To declare or assert formally. -intr. To express a prom-
`ise or pledge; make a vow. -idiom, take vows. To enter a
`religious order. [ME vowe < OFr. < Lat. voturn < vovºre, to
`vow.] -vow’er n.
`vow-el (vou’al) n. 1. A speech sound created by the relatively
`free passage of breath through the larynx and oral cavity,
`usually forming the most prominent and central sound of a
`syllable. 2. A letter that represents a vowel, as a, e, z, o, u,
`and sometimes y in the English alphabet. [ME vowelle <
`OFr. vouel < Lat. vocalis, sounding < vox, voice.]
`vowel fracture n. Ling. Breaking.
`vow-el’ize (vou’o-lrz’) try. -ized, -izing, -iz-es. To provide
`with vowel points. -vow’el-i’za’tion n.
`vowel point n. Any of a number of diacritical marks written
`above or below consonants to indicate a preceding or fol-
`lowing vowel in languages such as Hebrew and Arabic that
`are usually written without vowel letters.
`
`e
`
`vox angel-i-ca (vOks’ ªn-jbl’i-ke) n. Voix cbleste. [NLt
`angelic voice.]
`vox hu-ma-na (vOks’ hyOo-ma’na, -ma’-) n. An organ reed
`stop that produces tones imitative of the human voice. [Lat
`human voice.]
`vox pop-u-Ii (vOks’ pOp’ya-l!’, -lº) n. Popular opinion or sea,
`timent. [Lat., voice of the people.]
`voyage (voi’ij) n. 1. A long journey, usually to a foreign Or
`distant land, esp. a journey across an open sea or ocea0
`2. A record or account of a journey of exploration or di5.
`covery. -v. -aged, -ag-ing, -ag-es. -intr. To make a voy
`age. -tr. To sail across; traverse. [ME < OFr. veyage < Lat.
`viaticum, provisions for a journey < viaticus, of a journey (cid:231)
`via, road.] -voy’ag-er n.
`voy-a-geur (voi’a-zhOr’, vwa’ya-) n., pl. -geurs (-zhbr’). A
`woodsman, boatman, or guide, esp. one employed by fur
`companies to transport furs and supplies between remot
`stations in the U.S. and Canadian northwest. [Fr., traveler (cid:231)
`voyage, journey < OFr. veyage. -see VOYAGE.]
`vo-yeur (voi-yur’) n. A person who derives sexual gratific a-
`tion from observing the sex organs or sexual acts of Others
`esp. from a secret vantage point. [Fr. < OFr., one who sees
`< voir, to see < Lat. vidºre, to see.] -vo’yeur’ism n. -vo’
`yeur-is’tic (voi’ya-ris’tik) ad]. -vo’yeur-is’ti-cal-Iy adv.
`V-par-ti’cle (ve’par’ti-kal) n. Any of several subatomic parti-
`cles with half-lives in the range of 10-I 0 to 10-6 second.
`[From the shape of the track left by its decay product in a
`cloud chamber.]
`vrouw or vrow (frou, frO) n. A Dutch woman. [Du., woman
`< MDu. vrouwe.]
`V-shaped (ve’shapt’) ad]. Having the shape of the letter V.
`V sign n. A symbol of victory formed by holding the raised
`index and middle fingers in the shape of a V.
`VT fuze (vº’tb’) n. A proximity fuze.
`[v(ARtABLE) T(IME)
`FUZE.]
`Vul-can (vUl’kn) n. Rom. Myth. The god of fire and crafts-
`manship, esp. metalworking, identified with the Greek god
`Hephaestus. [Lat. Vulcanus, Volcanus.]
`vul-canian (v(cid:252)l-kª’nØ-n) ad]. 1. Geol. Of, pertaining to, or
`from a volcano or volcanic eruption. 2. Vulcanian. a. Of or
`pertaining to the god Vulcan. b. Of or pertaining to crafts-
`manship or metalworking.
`vul-ca-nism (vfil’k-niz’am) n. Variant of volcanism.
`vul-ca-nite (vOl’ko-nit’) n. A hard rubber produced by vul-
`canization.
`vul-ca-nize (vOl’ka-niz’) try. -nized, -niz-ing, -niz-es. To im-
`prove the strength, resiliency, and freedom from stickiness
`and odor of (rubber, for example) by combining with sulfur
`or other additives in the presence of heat and pressure.
`[<
`-vul’ca-niz’a-ble ad].
`VULCAN.]
`-vul’ca-ni-za’tion n.
`-vul’ca-niz’er n.
`vul-ca-nol-o-gy (vul’ka-nOl’o-jº) n. Variant of volcanology.
`vul-gar (vOl’gr) ad]. 1. Of or associated with the great
`masses of people as distinguished from the educated or cul-
`tivated classes; common. 2. Spoken by or expressed in lan-
`guage spoken by the common people; vernacular.
`3. a. Deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement. b. Ill-bred;
`boorish. C. Ostentatious in appearance or quality; preten-
`tious: a vulgar display of wealth. 4. Obscene or indecent;
`lewd: a vulgar joke. [ME < Lat. vulgaris < vulgus, the com-
`mon people.] -vul’gar-ly adv. -vul’gar-ness n.
`vul-gar-i-an (vOl-gar’e-on) n. A vulgar person, esp. one who
`makes a conspicuous display of his money.
`vul’gar-ism (vUl’ga-riz’om) n. 1. Vulgarity. 2. a. A vulgar
`word or phrase. b. A word, phrase, or manner of expression
`used mainly by uncultivated people.
`vul-gar-i-ty (vfil-gar’t-te) n., p1. -ties. 1. The condition or
`quality of being vulgar. 2. Something, as an act or expres-
`sion, that offends good taste or propriety.
`vul-gar-ize (vfil’go-riz’) try. -ized, -iz-ing, -iz-es. 1. To make
`vulgar; debase. 2. To popularize.
`-vul’gar-i-za’tion n.
`-vul’gar-iz’er n.
`Vulgar Latin n. The common speech of the ancient Romans,
`which is distinguished from standard literary Latin and is
`the ancestor of the Romance languages.
`vul-gate (vul’gat’, -git) n. 1. The common speech of a peo-
`ple; vernacular. 2. A widely accepted text or version of a
`work. 3. Vulgate. The Latin translation of the Bible made
`by Saint Jerome at the end of the 4th century AD., now used
`in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized version.
`[<Lat. vulgatus, common < vulgore, to make known to all <
`vulgus, the common people.]
`vul-ner-a-ble (vUl’nar--bal) ad]. 1. Susceptible to physical
`injury. 2. Susceptible to attack: "We are vulnerable both by
`water and land, without either fleet or army" (Alexander
`Hamilton). 3. a. Liable to censure or criticism; assailable,
`b. Liable to succumb to persuasion or temptation. 4. In a
`position to receive greater penalties or bonuses in the game
`of bridge. Used of the partners of a team that has won one
`game of a rubber. [LLat. vulnerabilis < Lat. vulnerare, to
`wound < vulnus, wound.] -vul’ner-a-bi l’i-ty, vul’ner-a’ble’
`ness n. -vul’ner-a-bly adv.
`vul-ner-ar-y (vQl’no-rer’º) ad]. Used in the healing or treat-
`ing of wounds. -n., p1. -ies. A remedy used in healing or
`treating wounds. [Lat. vulnerariu.s < vulnus, wound.]
`Vul-pec-u-la (vfil-pek’yo-l) n. A constellation in the North-
`
`0004