GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 40, NO. 2 (APRIL 1915), P. 344-352: 3 FIGS.
`
`PECIAL REPORT
`
`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE ‘FORMAT?
`
`K . M.
`
`BARRY,* D. A. CAVERS,* AND C. W. KNl.CALE§
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Recently a. new demand for demultiplexed
`formats has arisen in the seismic industry due
`to the utilization of minicomputers in digital
`field recording syst.ems and because of a grow-
`ing need to standardize an acceptable data
`exchange format.
`In 1973 a subcommittee of the SEC Com-
`mittee on Technical Standards was organized
`to gather information and deveiop a. nine-track,
`Eé-inch tape, demultiplcxcd format for industry
`acceptance. Guidelines set for this new format.
`were based on prior work and on the SEC}
`Excliangc Tape Format.
`[Northwood et
`al,
`196?]. As a result. of the suhcornmittee’s effort
`based on suggestions from industry personnel,
`the
`following demultiplexed
`format.
`recom-
`mendations are made.
`
`The present. SEC} Exchange Tape Format is
`often referred to as the SEC} “Ex” Format.
`Because of this,
`it
`is recommended that.
`the
`new demultiplexed format be designated the
`"SEG Y Format.” The Technical Standards
`Committee has elected to withdraw support of
`the SEC} “Ex” Format.”
`
`The SEG Y Format. was developed for
`application to computer field equipment and
`in the present data processing center with
`lie}.'ibility for expansion
`new ideas are in-
`troduced. Current information for standardiza-
`
`tion is placed in the “fixed" portion of the
`
`format., while new ideas can he added to the
`unassigned portions later as expansion becomes
`Iiecessary.
`It is assumed that this format will accommo-
`
`date the majority of field and ollice procedures
`and the techniques presently utilized.
`
`FORMAT SPECIFICATION
`
`information describes
`The following general
`the recommended demultiplexorl
`format
`(Fig-
`ure 1):
`track dimensions and
`(1) Tape specifications,
`numbering, and all other appliralble specifica-
`tions shall be in accordance with IBM Form
`
`GA 22-G862 entitled "IBM 2-'lll0—Series Mag-
`netic Tape Units Original Equipment Mantl-
`facturers’ Information”.
`
`At the present time, IBM has proposed an
`American National Standard for
`the 6250
`
`CPI group coded recording format. Should
`this format be used within the geophysical
`industry,
`lhe applicahle IBM specifications
`would apply. The additional
`formatinp;
`re-
`quired by this proposed method is a function
`of
`the hardware and thus luecomes
`trans-
`parent
`to the user.
`(2) Either
`the NRZI encoded data at 800
`hpi density or the pliasc encoded {PE} data
`at 1600 hp-i deiisity may be ll.‘-‘Ml for record-
`ing.
`All data valLtes are written in tw0’s' (‘om-
`
`‘r This report is the work of the Subcommittee on Demultiplexed Field Tape Formats of the
`SEG Technical Standards Committee. Manuscript received by. the Editor October 7,
`151274.
`* Subcommittee Chairman, Teledyne Exploration, Houston, Tex. 77036.
`18-ubcommittee Member, Gulf Research & Development Co._. Houston, Tex. 77036.
`5 Subcommittee Member, Texas Instruments Int-.., Houston, Tex. 77001.
`© 1975 Society of Exploration Gcopliysicists. All rights reserved.
`344
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`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 1
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`Nine Track,
`
`Digital Tape Formats
`SEN] bpi HRZI or 1600 bpi Phase Encoded (PE) Damltiplex (Trace Sequential) Fomiat
`
`REEL
`
`IDENTI FICATION
`H125.-'JER
`
`TRACE
`
`TRACE
`DATA BIIEK
`
`BL€{< TfiPE
`
`TC EKD
`
`See 1-'ig.'2
`
`See Fig.3
`
`<:| Tape Motion (Tape viewed oxide down)
`
`Iilrlllllllll
`
`'
`
`- HERE
`:1
`rs _?
`
`N' 29
`
`t?ru.Hiu
`ID Fr. MIN.
`
`3.0lH.IIIN'.
`
`Bflfl bpi NRZI Encoded
`Beginning of Tape Area.
`1—A
`
`I" L? |N.HlN.‘*'l
`Inn: 10 FT, r!lH.—c--u— 3.0 lPl.HlH.J
`1500 hpi Phase Encoded
`Beginning of Tape Area
`1—E
`
`Track number
`Bit nuntnr
`1-C
`
`"receeri:— each of the -45 blcxtl-:3 within the reel identification header‘ ant; each -:mr.~=:
`?‘:v2am.':1e
`1500 spa ,=r is used. Consists of no a11—:em tries Followed by one all-ones bane.
`PosIarlb1e—f‘cllcws Each of the L5 blocks within the reel
`identification header and each trace data block when
`15uu bl-_.j_ PE: is used. Consists of one a.'ll.—ones byte Eollrmad by MD all-zero bjrtes.
`
`.i:.ta tic-ck =.:l.en
`
`Intert;o:k ?ap (TE?)-Consists of C.E" nornna;, 0.5” rininum.
`End of file (l?DF}-Consists of an TB’?
`:'o1]_cx-rec" by:
`in bi: numbers F‘,D,2,5,E, an?
`(a)
`PE tape iriark I-.a*.'in_:; 80 flux nexrersals at 3200 5:5.
`dc—era5ed.
`two bytes with one bits Ln bit nurtbers 3,6, and ? separated bg seven aLl-zerh b§TeS.
`(22)
`IERZI
`tape mark l1a'.':'Lngj
`FE Identification Bur-st-Consists of mm] flux reversals per inch in hit nun'Ll;er .7‘; all otner tracks on:
`r1'a:;:‘d.
`
`or
`5.
`
`F16. 1. Recommended demult-iplexed format.
`
`;seeTermsofUseathttp://library.seg.o1'g/
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`b.
`
`:1 north seeking
`rim end of the tape is
`pole. The rearl-bark sigiml
`from such an
`area. shall be less than 4 percent of
`the
`average signal
`level at 3200 flux reversals
`per inch.
`(d) PE identifcrztioia. bw'st—CoI1si.=-ts of 1600
`flux reversals per inch in bit number P
`with all other
`tracks DC erased. This
`
`1.7
`least.
`is written beginning at
`burst.
`inches before the tmiling edge of the be-
`ginning of tape (BOT)
`reflective marker
`mid continuing past
`the trailing edge of
`the marker, but ending at
`least 0.5 inch
`before the first block.
`
`(:2) B£ock—Continuous recorded information,
`
`flouting point
`1.:
`sign, char-
`
`the 32-bit
`except
`ploinent
`format, Figure 3-A, vrlnrli
`acteristic, and frmztional part.
`(4) Data values are written in oiglit-hit bytes
`with vertical parity odd.
`(5) Definitions:
`of
`(IBG)—Consists
`gap
`(rt) Intwblock
`erased tape for
`El distance of 0.6 inclies
`nominal, 0.5 inches minimum.
`
`_(b] End of file (EOF)--Consists of the 800
`bpi NRZI tape mark or the 1600 bpi tape
`mark character, as appropriate, preceded
`by :1 strindurd IBG.
`Iiiagnetizcd,
`is
`(C) Erased to-pe—Tl1o tapr
`full width,
`in 3 direction such that
`the
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`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 2
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`346
`
`Barry et ul
`
`preceded and followed by a standard IBG.
`In PE (1600 bpi],
`a. preamble precedes
`each block and a postamblc follows each
`block.
`
`[f) Preo.mble—Consists of 41 bytes, 40 of
`which contain zero bits in all tracks;
`these
`are followed by a single byte containing
`one bits in all tracks.
`
`of
`bytes
`41
`of
`(g) Posta.mb!c—Consists
`which the first byte contains one hits in
`all tracks;
`it
`is followed by 40 bytes con-
`taining zero bits in all tracks.
`(h) Two's com;n£em.ent—Positive values are
`the true binary number. Negative values
`are obtained by inverting each bit of the
`positive binary number and adding one {1}
`to the least significant. bit. position.
`[6] The seismic reel
`is divided into the reel
`identification header
`and the trace data.
`blocks. The reel identification header section
`
`contains identification information pertaining
`to the entire reel and is subdivided into two
`
`the first containing 3200 bytes of
`blocks,
`EBCDIC card image
`information (equiv-
`alent of 40 cards) and the second consist-
`ing of 400 bytes of binary information. These
`two blocks of the reel
`identification header
`
`are separated from each other by an IBG.
`Each trace data block contains a trace identi-
`fication lieader and the data. values of the
`
`seismic channel or auxiliary cliannels The
`reel
`identification header and the first. trace
`
`data block are separated by an IBG.
`(?') Each seismic-trace data. block is nngapped
`and is written in demultiplexed format with
`each trace data block being separated from
`the next. by an IBC: The last
`trace data.
`block on the reel
`is
`followed by one (or
`more) EOF.
`
`the first.
`(8) When recorded 800 hpi (NRZI),
`block of the reel
`identification header begins
`at
`least. 3.0 inches past
`the trailing edge of
`the BOT marker.
`
`(9) The following conventions pertain to the
`reel and trace identification headers:
`
`(a) All binary entries are right justified. All
`EBCDIC entries are left.
`justified.
`(b) All
`times are in milliseconds with the
`exception of
`the sample interval which
`is designated in microseconds.
`(<3) All frequencies are in hertz.
`(d) All
`frequency slopes are in db/octave.
`
`(lengths) are in feet or
`{e}Al1 distances
`meters, and t.hese systems are not mixed
`wit.hin a reel. The distance or measure-
`
`specified in card
`system used is
`ment
`image 7 and in bytes 3255-3256 of
`the
`reel identification header.
`
`(f) A sealer may be applied to certain dis-
`tance measurernents where greater pre-
`cision is
`required. See bytes 69-70 and
`?l—72 of the trace identification header.
`
`(g) The energy source and gzmphone group
`coordinates designated in bytes 73-88 of
`the trace identification header can be mea-
`
`latitude and
`length or
`sured in either
`longitude. The measurement unit used is
`specified in bytes 89-90 of the trace header.
`For the latitude/longitude syst.em, the co-
`ordinate values are expres.-aetl
`in seconds
`of arc.
`
`(h) All velocities are in feet per second or
`meters per second, and these units are not
`mixed within a reel.
`
`(i) Elevation is represented by “+” above
`“-—" below mean sea level.
`
`(10) The binary coded information convention
`is defined in Figure 1—C,
`
`DESCJRIPTICFN OF REEL IDENTIFICATION HEADER
`
`The reel identification header (Figure 2) con-
`sists of 3600 bytes and is divided into two
`parts:
`(1) The card image EBCDIC block (3200
`byles—40 cards equivalent]
`followed by an
`IBG.
`
`fol-
`
`{2} The binary coded block (400 bytes]
`lowed by an IBG.
`the reel header de-
`The EBCDIC part of
`scribes the data from a line of shotpoints in
`a. fixed specified format consisting of 40 card
`images with each image containing 80 bytes.
`All unused card image characters are EBCDIC
`Blank. Card image numbers 23 through 39
`are unassigned for optional use. Each card
`image should contain the eharactn-r “C" in the
`first. card column. Each 80 bytes would yield
`one line of format. print
`to produce t.hc form
`shown in Figure 2-51.
`The binary coded section of the reel header
`consists of 400 bytes of information common to
`the seisinic data on the related l'('£‘l as shown
`
`in Figure 2-B. There are {it} b_ylI'.s assigned;
`340 are iinztssigiicd for optional use.
`
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`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 3
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`Digital Tape Formats
`
`B Reel Iaerccifinatim Header‘ -———-1
`
`flyzqg ‘P3200
`(See 2-A!
`
`Bytes 3201-3600
`(See 2-3}
`
`Erna fnrnn count. int: juscifled - «£0 and bases, 80 wt-I P“ "'1 -
`n-mass
`mm: um:
`and huge numbers 23-39 mnlliywd. for 0|!“-0M1 ‘flE°!|'lt1W-
`
`aunaiuzr:
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`G-Earn.
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`I-om.
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`‘PRICES
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`
`FIG. 2A. Reel identification header. Part 1, the EBCDIC card image block.
`
`There are certaili bytes of inforination that
`may not apply to a. particular reccirding or
`processing procedure.
`It
`is
`strong}!
`recom-
`mended that b}-'t.cJs designated with an asterisk
`
`in Figures 2-B and 3-1-1 always contain
`(*)
`the required information.
`identification header
`The data in the reel
`could be printed and edited prior to the actual
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 4
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`348
`
`Barry 1:! ul
`
`input of seismic data. for processing. A com-
`plete header listing of both the EBCDIC and
`binary parts would accompany an exchange
`tape and serve as 9.
`table of contents and
`summary of
`specifications
`for
`that
`reel of
`seismic data. No more than one line of seismic
`
`is permitted on any one reel. Additional
`data.
`reels would be used for long lines, and each
`reel must start. with a reel identifiea.t.ien header.
`
`DESCRIPTION 01-‘ THE TRACE mm BLOCK
`
`Each trace data. block (Figure 3} consists
`of a fixed 240-byte trace identification header
`and the seismic trace data. Each trace data
`
`block is separated from the next by an IBG.
`The trace header
`is written in binary code
`(refer to Figure 1-C for the binary code in-
`formation} and is detailed in Figure 3—E.
`The trace data samples can be written in
`
`BINARY CODE - Right J\.e'.tj_Eia:I
`2-B.
`Egg Numbers
`3201-320!-A
`
`Job identificatim number.
`
`Line n'.Jn'.ber (only one line per reel).
`Reel
`rLurl\.beT'.
`
`Nuniber nf data traces per record (]'J'|C].‘.|dES :1-.111-my and zen: traces inserted. to fill. out the recon: v.:r corrmcn depth point).
`Nimber of amcililary traces per record (in<:1'..v:lEs sweep,
`t1'.'m'.ng, g.'n‘n. sync are all other ncxn-data traces).
`Sample ixtterval
`.i.n,.Ms. (for this reel cf data).
`
`ii-_ micvnosswids to ao<_:aru\<:«d.at=.-
`|:;esig|-latent
`saeple intervals less than one m.Lll:I.Se¢‘-€W1-
`
`es}
`(2
`::1;.xe:. pc:[.'it
`fl:-(EL p31.nt w/gidilti code (U bytes)
`
`Sample interval J'.r.,u5. (for driginal field reooniing].
`Number of samples per data truce [far this reel of data).
`Number of samples per data trace (for ar'igina.‘. field :'ecan:|J'.n.gJ.
`Data sample forrnat
`I::\'.iE‘.
`1
`:
`f1:a'::‘.ng, po‘
`t,
`(44
`3
`1’
`= fixed puaintuilu bfggee
`.°u.i>ci1i.=.ry traces use the sarne r.u.1nber of bytes per‘ 55:31:12.
`:'I:P fold (expected
`of data tnaces per CDIP eiserrblel.
`Nam sorting cede:
`== CUP ensernhle
`as Ieccmed (no scrning)
`3 = single fold <2.-cn:j_riL;cms pr'Qf;1E
`'1 = horiz.om:al1y stacked
`rat: sum, — — -, Nzilsum EN = 32,i‘ECI‘)
`
`\’er't'u:a1 sum code:
`
`'_= nosum, 2 =
`Sweep frequency at start.
`Sweep frequency at and.
`Sweep length [nLs.}
`Sweep type code;
`
`1: ]_]'_near
`'2 : [anabolic
`”.‘re::e number‘ of sweep dmnnel.
`
`exponential
`other‘
`
`32:15-3205
`3?lJ‘3-32].?
`3213-391‘!
`3215-3215
`
`3?17-321E
`3219-3220
`3221-3222
`3'-E23-33%
`
`3225-3226
`
`3227- 3??B
`
`3229-3235
`
`3231-3232
`
`3231-32396
`3235-3235
`323?-3233
`3239-32-+3
`
`32II1-323+?
`32'-i3-321444
`3245-32446
`
`32L?-32IIs
`32|oS-3?5O
`
`3251-3952
`3253-3254
`
`3255-3255
`325?~32‘5B
`
`3259-3250
`
`3261-3500
`
`;seeTermsofUseathttp://library.seg.org/
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`Sweep trace taper length in ms. at start if tapered (the taper starts at zero time anc‘. is effecti.-e for this length).
`5‘-HOP ‘-T‘€»C8 Taper‘ length in ms. at e.-ad (the endi'.ng taper starts at sweep length minus the taper lergth at and).
`other
`
`'
`Taper type:
`Correlated data neces:
`
`.2
`
`3
`
`{es
`110
`
`1
`Binary gain re-covered:
`Arnplitude recovery metr.o:1.-
`
`1
`nure
`2
`spherical divergence
`2: feet
`1 = meters
`
`3
`H
`
`MQC
`o:i1er
`
`b'!easu:'e'nent system:
`
`Inpialae Signal
`Polarity:
`'~HbretCry ':"o1arity case;
`
`‘-1¢flu‘-ll1..IN.I|I
`
`pressure or iipward geophane case nuvement gives negative f'.L.ll'|DEl"‘ on tape.
`Inarease
`Increase Ln pressiim or upward geophorie case irouerrent give: positive nunb:-er‘ on tape.
`Seismic Sifirxll Legs Pilot Sigpa; W:
`?2.s°
`33150 to
`$7.5“
`22.50
`to
`5?.5°
`to
`117.59
`112.50
`to
`157.5°
`15?. 5°
`tr.
`202.5“
`202.5‘)
`1::~
`2117.59
`2-4‘-'.5°
`to
`292.5°
`337.5”
`?92.5°
`to
`
`IIIII!unIII!in
`
`Unassigned - for optional infozuxfiion.
`
`‘.-itzurigly mnumuanded that this infenm-etiau-. always be regarded.
`
`FIG. 2B. Reel ident1'ficat.1'on header. Part 2, the binary coded block.
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 5
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`Digital Tape Fonnclls
`
`BINARY CODE
`
`290 EYTES
`u__________
`(See 3-E)
`
`Trace Data Samples
`(See 3—A,B,C,D)
`
`TRACE DATA SAMPLE FORMATS
`
`Bit Number
`
`32 Bit Floating
`Point Fozimact
`
`32 Bit Fixed
`Point Format
`
`16 Bit Fixed
`Point Format
`
`Sample Code=1
`
`3-A
`
`Sample Code=2
`
`3-3
`
`sample code=3
`3-0
`
`32 Bit Fixed
`Point Format
`with Gain Vaifiés
`
`Sample Code=H
`3-D
`
`i:o'r=- Least significant bit is always in bit position 7 of byte ‘* <9
`
`r byte 2 for 3-C).
`
`Sign bit
`- Characteristic
`
`Fraction
`
`- Data bits
`
`Fro. 3A-D. Trace data block. Four data sample opt-ions.
`
`one of the four data sample formats described
`in Figures 3-A, 3-B, 3—C, and 3-D. The trace
`data format for each reel is identified in bytes
`3225-3226 of
`the reel
`identification lieeder.
`
`Only one data sample format
`within each reel.
`
`is permitted
`
`flouting point
`Figure 3-A details EL 32-bit,
`format in which each (late value of It Seismic
`
`channel
`
`is
`
`recorded in four successive bytes,
`
`in IBM compatible floating point notation as
`defined in IBM Form GA 22-6821.
`
`The four bytes form a. 32-bit word consist-
`ing of the sign bit Q3, a seven-bit. characteristic
`Q6, and a. 24-bit fraction Qp.
`(2,, indicates signal
`polarity and is a one for a negative value. Qc
`signifies El. power of 16 expressed in excess 64
`binary notation allowing both negative and
`positive powers of 16 to be represented by a
`
`E3
`Qona.»
`
`W §£ 7
`
`-:
`:5“4:i—’
`EU
`
`3D<
`
`+_
`
`o EG
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`F‘
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`.3”L-
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`.9
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`:=LO
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`Di
`
`o{
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`“CN
`«:1-
`N.c:
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`N.
`
`N\
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`D o4
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`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 6
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`Barry et ul.
`
`Description
`* Trace sequence number within line—-numbers continue to increase
`if additional reels are required on same line.
`Trace sequence number within recl——each reel starts with trace
`number one.
`* Original field record number.
`* Trace number within the original field record.
`Energy source point number--used when more than one record occurs
`at the same effective surface location.
`GDP ensemble number
`Trace number within the CDP ensemble-—each ensemble starts with
`trace number one.
`Trace identification code:
`l = seismic data
`4 - time break
`2 = dead
`5 ‘ uphole
`3 = dummy
`6
`sweep
`
`{1
`
`is one
`
`= .irning
`8 2 water break
`9————. N = optional use
`(N 2 32 , ?’6?)
`Number of vertically summed traces yielding this trace.
`1 is one
`trace, 2 is two summed traces, etc.)
`Number of horizontally stacked traces yielding this trace.
`trace, 2 is two stacked traces. etc.)
`Data use:
`1 = production.
`2 = test.
`Distance from source point to receiver group (negative if opposite to
`direction in which line is shot].
`Receiver group elevation: all elevations above sea level are positive
`and below sea level are negative.
`Surface elevation at source.
`Source depth below surface (a positive number].
`Datum elevation at receiver group.
`Datum elevation at source.
`Water depth at source.
`Water depth at group.
`Sealer to be applied to all elevations and depths specified in hy_tes
`41-68 to give the real value. Sealer = 1, :10, -_l-100, 11000, or
`310,000.
`If positive, sealer is used as a multiplier: if negative.
`sealer is used as a divisor.
`Sealer to be applied to all ooordinates specified in bytes 73-88 to
`give the real value. Scaler= 1, -_l-lD,:1DG,1lUDO, ori10,000.
`If positive, scaler is used as a multiplier; if negative, scaler is
`used as divisor.
`Source coordinate - X. ‘
`
`Source coordinate — Y.
`
`Group coordinate - X.
`
`If the coordinate units are in seconds of
`arc, the X values represent longitude and
`the Y values latitude. A positive value
`designates the number of seconds east of
`Greenwich Meridian or north of the equator
`and a negative value designates the number
`of seconds south or west.
`Group coordinate - Y.
`Coordinate units:
`1 = length (meters or feet). 2 2 seconds of arc.
`Weathering velocity.
`Subweathering velocity.
`Uphole time at source.
`Uphole time at group.
`
`l"Ir.'.
`
`'l‘r:1:~¢ jd(‘I1f-lfiC'1‘llii0l'l header written in binary code.
`
`Byte
`Numbers
`1 —
`4
`
`E3
`Qono
`"'3
`
`§£ 7
`
`:.
`E“.-I:i—’
`E5
`
`3Da
`
`so EG
`
`)
`F‘
`:2)G)[D
`:..“
`.=
`.3”Ln
`:2-.
`ct.
`oQ
`3-:
`)U)
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`.9
`(3
`LT-l
`on
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`o
`-3.0
`:-‘LO
`::
`_o55
`:9I-4i—‘
`.2‘UG)
`Di
`
`oQ
`
`oiN
`«:1-
`‘*1C:
`In
`N.
`
`N\
`
`D o
`
`-OH
`1"}
`
`§("VI
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`\o
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`-oC)
`'o
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`Es:
`3o
`D
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 7
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`Di'giiuITupe Formals
`
`D
`
`Source static correction.
`Group static correction.
`Total static applied.
`(Zero if no static has been applied.)
`Lag time A. Time in ms. between end of 240-byte trace identification
`header and time break. Positive if time break occurs after end of
`header, negative if time break occurs before end of header. Time
`break is defined as the initiation pulse which may be recorded on
`an auxiliary trace or as otherwise specified by the recording system.
`Lag Time B. Time in ms. between time break and the initiation time of
`the energy source. May be positive or negative.
`Delay recording time. Time in ms. between initiation time of energy
`source and time when recording of data samples begins.
`(For deep
`water work if data recording does not start at zero time.)
`Mute time--start.
`Mute time--end.
`* Number of samples in this trace.
`* Sample interval in us for this trace.
`Gain type of field instruments: 1 = fixed. 2 = binary. 3 = floating
`point. 4 ——- N = optional use.
`Instrument gain constant.
`Instrumcnt early or initial gain (db).
`Correlated: 1= no.
`2 = yes.
`Sweep frequency at start.
`Sweep frequency at end.
`Sweep length in ms.
`2 * parabolic. 3
`Sweep type:
`1
`linear.
`Sweep trace taper length at start in ms.
`Sweep trace taper length at end in ms.
`Taper type: 1 = linear. 2 = cosz. 3 = other.
`Alias filter frequency.
`if used.
`Alias filter slope
`Notch filter frequency,
`Notch filter slope.
`Low cut frequency. if used.
`High cut frequency,
`if used.
`Low cut slope
`High cut slope
`Year data recorded.
`Day of year.
`Hour of day [24 hour clock)
`Minute of hour .
`Second of minute.
`3 = other.
`2 = GMT.
`l= local.
`Time basis code:
`Trace weighting factor--defined as TN volts for the least signifi-
`cant bit.
`(N: 0.1.
`32, 767.}
`Geophone group number of roll switch position one.
`Geophone group number of trace number one within original iiclo‘
`rccord.
`Geophone group number of last trace within original field record.
`Gap size [total number of groups dropped).
`Ovortravel associated with taper at beginning or end of line:
`1 = down (or behind).
`2 = up {or ahead}.
`Unassigned-—for optional information.
`
`exponential. 4 = other.
`
`if used.
`
`Byte
`Numbers
`
`99- 100
`101-102
`103-104
`105-106
`
`107-108
`
`109-110
`
`111-112
`113-114
`115-116
`LL?— LL11
`119-120
`
`121-122
`123-124
`125-126
`12?-128
`129-130
`131-132
`133-134
`135-136
`137-135
`139-140
`141-14.2
`143-144
`145-146
`147-148
`149-150
`151-152
`153-154
`155- 155
`157-158
`159-160
`161-1-62
`163-164
`165-165
`167-168
`169-170
`
`171- 1'32
`173-1?4
`
`175-176
`1??-178
`1'r'9—l80
`
`181-240
`
`* Strongly recommended that this information always be recorded.
`
`Fig. 3E. Trace identification header written in binary code (cont)
`
`E3
`Qtoo
`"'3
`
`§
`:9
`7:.
`.3‘4:i—’
`E5
`
`3D‘
`
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`
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`
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`4:
`.2”L-
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`
`o{
`
`N.N
`«:1-
`N.c:
`In
`‘*1.
`IN
`
`G o
`
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`
`§(‘"4"“-n
`to
`:3-
`-oC)
`'o
`ca
`2z:
`3o
`D
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 8
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Downloaded06/24/15to162.250.2422.RedistributionsubjecttoSEGlicenseorcopyright;seeTermsofUseathttp://1ibrary.seg.org/
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`352
`
`I
`
`Barry el ul
`
`(24
`t.rue number. Q1» is a six hexadecimal digit
`binary hit) number with a radix point
`to the
`left of the most significant. digit. The data value
`represented by a floating point number is
`
`amplitude recovery can be described in the
`appropriate reei
`identification header sections,
`and the algorithm described in the unassigned
`portions.
`
`Q8 X 16tQr"—fl4) X QF.
`
`CCINCLUSION
`
`point.
`fixed
`a 32-bit,
`3-13 details
`Figure
`Fortnat and‘ each data. value or" a seismic chan-
`
`is recorded in four successive bytes. This
`nel
`format consists of a sign bit Q3 {one repre-
`sents negat.ive} and 31 data bits Q» with a
`radix point at the right. of the least significant.
`digit.
`fixed point
`Figure 3-C represents a 16-bit,
`format, and each data. value of a seismic chan-
`nel
`is
`recorded in two successive bytes. This
`format
`is similar to Figure 3-13 except
`t.here
`are 15 data bits Q3.
`fixed point
`Figure 3-D represents :1 32-bit.
`format with gain values. The first. byte of this
`format.
`is all zeros. The second byte provides
`eight a-ra-ilable- gain bits 2°
`t-hro11g‘h'
`27-. The
`last two bytes are ident.ical to Figure 3—C.
`In all four data formats, the channel or t.race
`data should represent the absolute input volt-
`age at
`the recording instrument. The 32-bit,
`floating point field format defined as the SEG
`C‘
`(hleihers et
`al, 1972)
`comprehends
`the
`input. voltage level. The fixed point.
`formats
`3-13 and 3-C require a trace weigliting factor
`(trace identification header, bytes 160-170),
`defined as 2”“ volts for
`the least. significant
`bit,
`to comprehend the absolute input voltage
`level.
`
`In cases where processing pftrameters gugh as
`amplitude recovery are present,
`the type of
`
`Individual oil companies and contractors may
`be convinced of their own format’;-' merits, but
`the use of this recommended exchange demulti-
`plexed format must. be given serious considera-
`tion in order to achieve some level of industry
`standardization.
`l\Iueh thought and many sug-
`gestions from users liavc been utilized in estab-
`lisliine;
`a.
`flexible format
`tli-at yielrls specifics
`and can be used by all companies in the in-
`CilISil‘}’.
`Adoption and use of this fnruiat will save
`substantial sums of money in roinptlter time
`and progr:u_nming effort in the future.
`
`ACK NOXVLEDCMENTS
`
`to many com-
`Grateful appreciation goes
`panies and intlividtials for their suggestions at
`the start of the subcommittet-’s work and for
`their final recommendations. We are also thank-
`
`ful for the assistance of Fred Tisehler, Texas
`I-nst-ruments, who was the original subcommit-
`tee chairman.
`
`R EFEREN CBS
`
`Moiners. E‘. P., Lenz. L. L.. Dalhr, A. E-., and
`Hornsby, J. M., 1972. Recommended standards
`:f3%I‘4digit.:1l
`tape formats: Geophysics, v. 37, p.
`— 4.
`Nbrthwood. E. J., Wisinger, R. C1,. and Bradley.
`J. J., 1957. Recommended standards for digital
`tape formats: Geophysics, v. 32, p. 1073-1084.
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 9
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`
`|PR2015—00310
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 9
`WesternGeco v. PGS
`IPR2015-00310
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`

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`
`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS I GEOPHYSICSI Vol. 40, No. 2 (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
`
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`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS I GEOPHYSICSI Vol. 40, No. 2 (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
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`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 11
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`WesternGeco v. PGS
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`

`
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`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS I GEOPHYSICSI Vol. 40, No. 2 (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
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`

`
`6/29/2015
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`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS I GEOPHYSICSI Vol. 40, No. 2 (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
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`

`
`6/29/2015
`
`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS I GEOPHYSICS: Vol. 40, No. 2 (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
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`Volume 40 Issue 2 (April 1975) >
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`Volume 40, Issue 2 (April 1975)
`
`Recommend &
`Sh 31.e
`
`I Abstract
`I PDF
`
`. My
`Recommend to Libragg
` K. M. Barry, D. A. Cavers, and C. W. Kneale (1975). ”RECOMMENDED
`MSW‘
`STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS.” RECOMMENDED
`I Twitter
`STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS, 40(2), 344-352.
`doi: 10.1190/1.1440530
`
`*3 _8L8—DiThis
`Jim
`
`REPORTS
`
`RECOMMENDED STANDARDS
`
`FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS
`
`Article History
`
`Received: 7 October 1974
`
`Publication Data
`
`ISSN (print): 0016-8033
`ISSN (online): 1942-2156
`Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
`CODEN: gpysa7
`K. M. Baal‘, D. A. Caversi and C. W. Kneale§
`“Subcommittee Chairman, Teledyne Exploration, Houston, Texas 77036
`HSubcommittee Member, Gulf Research & Development Co., Houston, Texas
`httpzlllibrary.seg.orgIdoi/absl10.1190/1.1440530
`
`WesternGeco Ex. 1024, pg. 14
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`/ / U50
`
`§§Subcommittee Member, Texas Instruments Inc., Houston, Texas 77001
`
`Recently a new demand for demultiplexed formats has arisen in the seismic
`industry due to the utilization of minicomputers in digital field recording
`systems and because of a growing need to standardize an acceptable data
`exchange format.
`
`Permalink: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1 1 90/1 . 1440530
`
`Cited by
`
`N. Eyles, A. Zaj ch, M. Doughty. (2015) High-resolution seismic sub-bottom
`reflection record of low hypsitherrnal lake levels in Ontario lakes. Journal of
`Great Lakes Research 41, 41-52.
`
`Online publication date: 1-Mar-2015.
`CrossRef
`
`M. Doughty, N. Eyles, C.H. Eyles, K. Wallace, J.I. Boyce. (2014) Lake
`sediments as na