11/5/2014
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`A CRT Display System for a Concept Vehicle
`
`INTERNATIONAL...
`
`I Learn I Publications I Technical Papers
`
`A CRT Display System for a Concept Vehicle
`
`Paper #1 890283
`
`DOI:
`
`10.4271/890283
`
`Published: 1989-02-01
`
`Citation:
`
`Brandt, D. and Jamieson, R., "A CRT Display System for a Concept Vehicle,"
`SAE Technical Paper 890283, 1989, doi:10.4271/890283.
`
`Author(s): Douglas J. Brandt Ronn E. Jamieson
`
`Affiliated: Delco Electronics Corp., General Motors Corp. Chevrolet
`Abstract: The use of advanced instrumentation in automobiles has increased
`dramatically over the last several years. The design, development, and
`build of an advanced concept vehicle recently allowed both vehicle and
`instrumentation engineers the opportunity to further explore the use of
`advanced instrumentation for the vehicle display functions. For this
`vehicle, cathode ray tube (CR‘D displays were used for primary
`information display,
`secondary information
`display and functional
`control,
`in-vehicle navigation display, and rear vision. Each of these
`applications of a CRT had unique requirements. This paper will discuss
`the application and implementation of CRTs for this concept vehicle's
`display functions.
`Automotive
`
`Sector:
`
`Topic:
`Electrical, Electronics and Avionics Displays Systems engineering
`
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`http://papers.sae.orgl890283/
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`~.Ae The Engineering Society
`
`~ For Advancing Mobility
`~ Land Sea Air and Space® 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096·0001 U.S.A.
`
`890283
`
`A CRT Display System for a Concept Vehicle
`Douglas J. Brandt
`Advanced Instrumentation Engineering
`Delco Electronics Corp.
`General Motors Corp.
`Ronn E. Jamieson
`Advanced Vehicle Engineering
`Chevrolet .. Pontiac" Canada Group
`General Motors Corp.
`
`Reprinted from SP·nO-Automotive Information
`Systems and Electronic Displays:
`Recent Developments
`
`International Congress and Exposition
`Detroit, Michigan
`February 27 - March 3, 1989
`
`VALEO EX. 1037_002
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`The papers mcluded m 111:$ volume
`arc abstracted ilnd maexed m /he
`$AE Global Mobllily DaWbase
`
`SAE GLOBAL MOBILITY DATABASE
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in
`an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior
`wrijten permission of the publisher.
`
`ISSN 0148-7191
`Copyright 1989 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
`
`Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the
`author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is
`solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is
`available by which discussions will be printed with the paper
`if
`it is published in SAE Transactions. For permission to
`publish this paper in full or in part, contact the SAE PUblica(cid:173)
`tions Division.
`
`Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for pres(cid:173)
`entation or publication through SAE shouid send the manu(cid:173)
`script or a 300 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to:
`Secretary, Engineering Activity Board, SAE.
`
`Printed in U.S.A.
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`VALEO EX. 1037_003
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`Downloaded from SAE International by Ralph Wilhelm, Saturday, August 30, 2014
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`A CRT Display System for a Concept Vehicle
`
`890283
`
`Douglas J. Brandt
`Advanced Instrumentation Engineering
`Delco Electronics Corp.
`General Motors Corp.
`Ronn E. Jamieson
`Advanced Vehicle Engineering
`Chevrolet· Pontiac· Canada Group
`General Motors Corp.
`
`The location of each CRT in the
`view).
`vehicle is shown in Figure 1. Because each
`of these display applications has unique
`requirements, several different CRT types
`were developed, evaluated, and implemented.
`
`REAR VISION CRTS
`
`PRIMARY CRT
`
`NAVIGATION CRT
`
`SECONDARY CRT
`
`Figure 1. CRT Locations
`
`PRIMARY DISPLAY
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The use of advanced instrumentation in
`automobiles has increased dramatically over
`the last several years.
`The design,
`development, and build of an advanced concept
`vehicle recently allowed both vehicle and
`instrumentation engineers the opportunity to
`further explore the use of advanced instru(cid:173)
`mentation Eor
`the vehicle display functions.
`For this vehicle, cathode ray tube (CRT)
`displays were used for
`primary information
`display, secondary information display and
`functional control,
`in-vehicle navigation
`display, and rear vision.
`Each of
`these
`applications of a CRT had unique require(cid:173)
`ments. This paper will discuss the
`application and implementation of CRTs for
`this concept vehicle's display functions.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`Concept vehicles typically allow
`engineers the luxury of developing and
`implementing more advanced and state(cid:173)
`of-the-art
`technology than production intent
`vehicles.
`To complement
`the advanced
`powertrain, chassis, and aerodynamic features
`of a recently developed concept vehicle,
`advanced instrumentation comprised completely
`ofCRTs was developed.
`CRTs were chosen as
`the displays for the following reasons:
`
`The primary display is located directly
`in front of
`the driver to display necessary
`vehicle operational
`information.
`The
`criteria established for the primary display
`were:
`
`High brightness
`High resolution
`Multi-color
`Single page
`information
`Direct view
`reflective)
`
`(512 x 240 pixels)
`
`(required driving
`only)
`(i.e., not head-Up or
`
`****
`
`*
`
`19
`
`* *
`
`CRTs could simultaneously satisfy the
`brightness, color and
`rec~nfigurability requirements
`To further develop previous automotive
`CRT technology
`Availability of the hardware
`
`*
`The complete system includes six CRTs: a
`primary display CRT, a secondary display CRT,
`a dedicated CRT for in-vehicle navigation and
`three independent CRTs for rear vision (i.e.,
`left side view, rear view, and right side
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`It has the
`types of pixel based displays.
`capability of interfacing with another
`computer via a serial data link and can also
`receive information directly from vehicle
`sensors.
`The HeC uses a 6R02 microprocessor
`as the central processing unit
`(CPU).
`The
`MGC also contains hardware that provides a
`total of sixteen analog inputs. sixteen
`digital
`input/output lines, a serial
`communications link,
`two programmable timer
`counters, and a 6845 CRT controller.
`The graphic information and color
`specifications defined for
`the primary
`display are shown in Figure 4 •
`
`Information
`
`Vehicle speed
`
`Engine speed
`
`Odometer
`
`Fuel
`
`level
`
`Color
`
`Green
`
`Green, yellow,
`and red zones
`
`Red
`
`Green and yellow
`zones
`
`Turn indicators
`
`Green
`
`High beam
`
`Hessage center
`
`Blue
`
`Red
`
`PRNDL (gear select)
`
`Green
`
`Oil pressure
`telltale
`
`temperature
`Coolant
`telltale
`
`Charging system
`telltale
`
`Seat belt telltale
`
`Red
`
`Red
`
`Red
`
`Red
`
`'Brake telltale
`
`Yellow
`
`Fi~ure 4. Primary Display Graphics Definition
`
`The primary display graphics were
`developed using a specific dotmap program.
`This program allowed the designer to view the
`animated display and quickly make changes.
`These graphics were then compressed to
`approximately a 1:1 ratio to reduce memory
`storage requirements. This graphic
`informatIon was then translated and
`programmed into programmable read only memory
`(PROM) and inserted into the MGC. A
`decompression algorithm for the graphics is
`contained in the 6802 microprocessor.
`
`SECONDARY DISPLAY
`
`The secondary display provided a
`conveniently located,
`reconfigurable,
`
`20
`
`High reliability
`Automotive environment
`
`**
`
`A high brightness, high resolution,
`single gun CRT with fixed color phosphor
`zones was selected. This CRT gives the
`appearance of a color CRT with the control
`simplicity of a monochro~e r.RT.
`The
`different color phosphor zones are shown in
`Figure 2.
`
`•
`
`•
`
`,
`
`••
`
`~IlED
`E YEllOW
`
`figure 1. Primary Display Color Phosphor
`Zones
`
`To achieve the brightness neerled in
`direct sunlight, special burn resistant
`phosphor was used.
`Some typical brightness
`measurements are shown in Figure 3*.
`
`Color
`
`Green
`
`Yellow
`
`Red
`
`Blue
`
`Brightness (fL)
`
`402
`
`214
`
`165
`
`55
`
`Figure 3.
`
`Primary Display CRT Brightness
`Neasurements
`
`The primary display electronic controller
`is the Monochrome Graphics Controller (MGC).
`The MGC is a microprocessor based video
`generator that is capable of driving several
`* All measurements taken with a Pritchard
`Model 713 Fast Scan Spectroradiometer.
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`interactive CRT for the display and control
`of the following functions:
`* Climate control (heating, ventilation,
`and air conditioning [HVAC])
`* Audio controls (radio and compact disc
`player)
`* Trip monitor and trip computer
`* Powertrain gauges
`* Miscellaneous information:
`- Calendar
`- Event
`reminder
`- Calculator
`Di rectory
`
`the secondary
`As shown in Figure 1,
`display is located in the center of the
`instrument panel within reach of both the
`driver and passenger.
`The following
`requirements were established for the
`secondary display:
`* Color CRT
`* High intensity
`* Reconfigurable
`* High resolution (320 x 200 pixels)
`* Designed for the automotive
`environment (voltage,
`temperature,
`vihration, etc.)
`* Descriptive graphics (consistency in
`colors, not cluttered, etc.)
`* Switch matrix (5 x 5) superimposen on
`display area
`* Controllable intensity
`* Eight hacklit hardswitches for page
`(screen) selection
`* Flexibility for future expansion
`
`the numerous color CRTs evaluated, one
`Of
`did satisfy the secondary display
`requirements; namely, high intensity, high
`resolution and capable of withstanding the
`automotive environment.
`An infrared switch
`matrix (5 x 5) assembly was modified to
`include eight pushbutton switches.
`The CRT,
`the switch assembly, And a switch decode
`circuit board comprise the secondary display.
`A CRT controller was also developed to
`interface with the vehicle electrical system
`and the secondary display. This controller
`provides the video information to the
`secondary display for the appropriate page
`display. Also,
`the secondary display
`controller provides an information gateway
`between the two main information serial data
`links in the vehicle.
`The development of both the primary and
`secondary display screens was a cooperative
`effort between engineering, human factors,
`and the design studio to simultaneously
`address the following issues:
`* Functionality
`* Graphic aesthetics (color combina(cid:173)
`tions, symbols, layout~ etc.)
`* Utility (user interface)
`
`The development of the secondary display
`graphics was enhanced by using the Graphics
`Development
`Instrument
`(GDI).
`The GDI was a
`personal computer based tool which allowed
`easy and flexible development of
`the display
`graphics.
`The GDI also translated the
`graphic information directly into the format
`stored in PROM to be used by the secondary
`display controller.
`The operational scenario for the
`secondary display system is that as the
`vehicle was entered~ the vehicle electrical
`system would "wake up" and ,the secondary
`display would realize the display on entry
`(DOE) mode and display the logo page. Upon
`vehicle power up,
`the secondary display
`system initiates a secondary display system
`check. Upon completion of
`this check, a
`systems check page is displayed for about
`eight seconds and then the summary page is
`displayed.
`Subsequent page displays are user
`controlled via the secondary display mounted
`hardswitches or the steering wheel mounted
`(hub) scroll switch. Figure 5 shows the
`various secondary display pages and their
`order of access.
`
`NAVIGATION DISPLAY
`
`For vehicle simplicity, a commercially
`available in-vehicle navigation system was
`implemented. This allowed the vehicle and
`instrumention engineers the opportunity to
`evaluate the functionality of in-vehicle
`navigation and the vector scan monochrome
`CRT. This system was also chosen because it
`could be integrated into the secondary
`display system in the near future,
`thereby
`eliminating the need for an additional CRT.
`Figure 6 shows an example of
`the navigation
`display.
`
`REAR VISIO~
`
`Due to the aerodynamic requirements of
`the vehicle (Coefficient of drag = 0.195),
`outside mirrors could not be used. Also, due
`to the high rear end of
`the vehicle,
`the
`traditional rear view mirror was not
`practical. Therefore,toprovide the driver
`with rear vision,
`three independent closed
`circuit monitor systems were.used.
`Location of the three CRTs (Figure 7)
`emulates the location of conventional
`mirrors. However,dueto the instrument
`panel packaging constraints, compact, flat
`panel CRTs were used.
`To date, monochrome
`CRTs have been usedihowever~ these
`monochrome CRTs can ultimately be replaced
`with color CRTs or other compact, flat panel
`color technology for improved functionality.
`This system still requires functional
`optimization, but did provide insight into
`the application of CRTs for rear vision.
`
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`HARDSWITCHES:
`MAIN
`CLIMATE
`TRIP
`GAUGES
`RADIO
`MENU
`ElM (ENGLISH/METRIC)
`(RETURN)
`
`LOGO (DOE)
`
`SYSTEM CHECK
`
`MAIN (SUMMARy)
`
`MENU
`
`TRIP
`COMPUTER
`
`TONEI
`BALANCE
`
`TRIP
`
`RADIO
`
`CALCULATOR
`
`TIMESET
`
`DIRECTORY
`
`DIAGNOSTIC
`
`CALENDAR
`
`Figure 5.
`
`Secondary Display Pages
`
`Figure 7. Rear Vision Component Locations
`
`Figure 6. Navigation Page
`
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`CQHrLETE SYSTEH
`
`the in-vehicle navigation
`As discussed,
`and rear vision display systems are
`independent; however,
`the primary and
`secondary display systems are an integral
`part of
`the concept vehicle electrical
`system. Figure 8 shows both the electrical
`system block diagram of
`the concept vehicle
`and the relationship of
`the primary and
`secondary display systems to the vehicle
`electrical system.
`
`In
`lines.
`display via its video control
`addition to the parametric data,
`the MGC also
`receives brightness control
`information from
`the BeM and generates a pulse-Width modulated
`(P~f) signal
`to the primary display CRT for
`brightness control.
`Since the primary
`display contains the information needed for
`driving, it is on only during power on
`("ignition run" mode).
`The role of
`the secondary display
`controller in the vehicle electrical system
`is much more interactive than the primary
`display controller.
`The secondary display
`controller receives information for the
`following sources:
`
`trip computer,
`HVAC, clock/calendar,
`gauge data from the BGM via the UART
`link
`Radio, HVAC, page selection (scroll)
`via the Entertainment and Comfort
`(E&C) serial data link
`Page selection and function selection
`via the parallel data interface
`between the secondary display switch
`decode circuit and the secondary
`display controller
`
`* * *
`
`Based on the above inputs the secondary
`controller performs the following operations:
`
`Updates the information (data) on the
`appropriate displays (e.g., clock,
`gauge, etc.)
`Responds to the CRT hardswitch input
`for the appropriate page display
`Responds to the CRT (5 x 5) switch
`matrix input by transmitting control
`information to the BGM or radio for
`the appropriate control
`Performs as a "gateway" between the
`BCM and the HVAC controller by
`translating information from the 8192
`baud link protocol
`to the E&C protocol
`
`* * * *
`
`the secondary display receives a PHM
`Also.
`signal directly from the BGM for brightness
`control.
`
`VEHICLE PACKAGING
`
`One of the major challenges in
`implementing display systems into vehicles is
`the physical packaging of
`the displays and
`their controllers.
`Packaging of
`the CRTs and
`their controllers in the subject concept
`vehicle was no exception.
`The packaging was
`an iteractive process requiring the
`instrumentation engineers to work closely
`with the vehicle engineers and designers to
`develop a packaging solution.
`The unique shape of
`the primary display
`(Figure 2) is an example of
`the iterative
`packaging process.
`The shape was designed to
`contain the necessary CRT electronics and
`
`VEHICLE I
`I
`INPUTS
`
`BODY
`COMPUTER
`MODULE
`
`MONOCHROME
`GRAPHICS
`CONTROLLER
`
`COLOR
`PHOSPHOR
`ZONE CRT
`
`8192
`UART
`BUS
`
`RADIO
`
`+ t
`
`COMPACT
`DISC
`
`INPUTS
`
`I DRIVER
`I
`I DRIVER
`INPUTS
`t
`,l.
`,l.
`
`SECONDARY
`CRT
`CONTROLLER
`
`f----
`
`t II
`
`FULL
`COLOR
`CRT
`
`CONTROLS
`
`TELEPHONE :.-
`
`HUB -
`HVAC -
`
`CONTROLS
`
`Figure 8. Vehicle Electrical System
`
`is used as
`A body computer module (BCM)
`the center of
`the vehicle electrical system.
`Sensor and switch information are input
`to
`the ECM. This information is then
`transmitted via the General Motors standard,
`medium speed serial data link (8192 baud)
`to
`the primary and secondary display controllers
`for the appropriate control actions and
`information display.
`As shown,
`the MGG receives all display
`data from the BCH via a serial data link.
`The MGG processes this data and transmits the
`appropriate information to the primary
`
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`interference with the
`avoid any potential
`HVAC ducts, brake pedal assembly, and the
`instrument panel contour.
`
`CONCLUSIONS
`
`The fixed color phosphor zone CRT has
`proven effective as a primary display.
`The color CRT provided enhanced
`performance for a secondary display as
`compared to present production monochrome CRT
`display.
`the three CRTs demonstrated the
`Use of
`concept of closed circuit video monitors for
`rear vision, but further development would be
`required for a production feasible system.
`To reduce the number of CRTs,
`the
`in-vehicle navigation display should be
`integrated into the secondary display.
`
`ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
`
`The authors would like to thank John
`King, Jerry Baugh, Verna Brazzel, Al Picken,
`and Richard Ballou for their assistance on
`this paper.
`
`REFERENCES
`
`IBM Graphics Development
`Boscove, J. A.,
`Instrument User's Guide.,
`IEM, 1986.
`
`Brandt, D. J., and Elkins, E. J., Display
`System for an Express-Turbine Concept
`Vehicle., Society for Information Display,
`1988.
`
`Elkins, E. J., Monochrome Graphic
`Controller., Delco Electronics Corporation,
`1987.
`
`Fogelson, M., The New Polychrome CRT., Zenith
`Electronics Corporation, 1985.
`
`(Chevrolet Express)
`Jamieson, R. E., AVC-l
`BCM Specification., General Motors
`Corporation, CPC Advanced Vehicle
`Engineering, 1986.
`
`VALEO EX. 1037_009
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