United States Patent [191
`Sato et al.
`
`[54] COLOR IMAGE PICK-UP APPARATUS
`[75] Inventors: Itsuzo Sato, Chigasaki; Kazushige
`Ooi, Sagamihara; Kikuo Saito,
`Yokohama; Yasuo Takemura, Tokyo;
`Toshihiro Shinohara, Yokohama, all
`of Japan
`Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabnshiki
`Kaisha, Kanagawa, Japan
`[21] App]. No.: 301,440
`[22] Filed:
`Sep. 11, 1981
`[30]
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`Oct. 7, 1980 [JP]
`Japan .............................. .. 55-139369
`
`[73] Assignee:
`
`[51] Int. Cl.3 ............................................. .. H04N 9/04
`[52] US. Cl.
`358/44
`[58] Field of Search ...................... .. 358/41, 37, 40, 44
`[56]
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS I
`
`4,339,771 7/1982 Morishita Yet a]. .............. .. 358/44 X
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS _
`
`-
`
`[11] .
`[45]
`
`4,390,895
`'Jun. 28, 1983
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`I.E.E.E. Transactions on Electron Devices vol. ED-25,
`No. 2, Feb. 1978.
`
`' Primary Examiner-Robert L. Richardson
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Cushman, Darby & Cushman
`
`’
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A color image pick-up apparatus using a single planar
`array of solid state light-sensitive elements with a color
`mosaic ?lter. The color mosaic ?lter is made up of three
`types of elements occurring in repeating patterns which
`are such that luminance-type elements occur at every
`other element portion along both of two orthogonal
`direction. The signal corresponding to luminance is
`separated from the output signal of the solid state light
`sensitive elements and delayed for one horizontal scan
`ning period. The high frequency component of the
`delayed signal is extracted. The extracted high fre
`quency component signal is added to the signal corre
`sponding to luminance which is succeedingly produced
`from the solid state light-sensitive elements.
`
`54-116837 9/1979 Japan ................................... .. 358/44
`
`9 Claims, 13 Drawing Figures
`
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`VALEO EX. 1021_001
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`

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`US. Patent . Jun. 28, 1983
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`Sheet 1 of8
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`4,390,895
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`VALEO EX. 1021_002
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Jun. 28, 1983
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
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`4,390,895
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`VALEO EX. 1021_003
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`VALEO EX. 1021_003
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`

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`US. Patent
`
`. Jun. 28, 1983
`
`Sheet 3 of8
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`4,390,895
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`VALEO EX. 1021_004
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`VALEO EX. 1021_004
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 28, 1983
`
`Sheet 4 of8
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`4,390,895
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`VALEO EX. 1021_005
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`VALEO EX. 1021_005
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`US. Patent .
`
`Jun. 28, 1983
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`Sheet 5 of8
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`4,390,895 -
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`VALEO EX. 1021_006
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`

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`U.S. Patent Jun. 28, 1983
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`Sheet 6 of8
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`4,390,895 '
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`U.S. Patent Jun. 28, 1983
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
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`4,390,895
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`m .Sk
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`VALEO EX. 1021_008
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`

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`US. Patent Jun. 28, 1983
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`Sheet 8 of 8
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`4,390,895
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`VALEO EX. 1021_009
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`

`

`1
`
`COLOR IMAGE PICK-UP APPARATUS
`
`5
`
`4,390,895
`2
`from the following detailed description of the presently
`preferred exemplary embodiments of the ‘invention
`taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
`in which
`I
`FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of one embodi
`ment of a color image pick-up apparatus according to‘
`the present invention;
`.
`FIG. 2 is an illustration of a color ?lter array used in
`the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
`, FIGS. 3A to 5B are illustrations used for explaining
`the operation of the color image pick-up apparatus
`shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of another em
`bodiment of a color image pick-up apparatus according
`to the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is an illustration used for explaining the opera
`tion of the color image pick-up apparatus shown in
`FIG. 6;
`.
`FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of yet another
`embodiment of a color image pick-up apparatus accord
`ing to the present invention;
`FIG. 9 is a schematic. block diagram of a further
`embodiment of a color image pick-up apparatus accord
`ing to the present invention; and
`FIG. 10 is an illustration of another exemplary color
`?lter array used in this invention.
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`Referring now to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the
`present invention includes a solid state image pick-up
`device 20, for example, CCD, which is a substantially
`single planar array of solid state light-sensitive element,
`and a color ?lter array 22 superposed in one-to-one
`registry on the light-sensitive elements of image pick-‘up
`device 20.
`Color ?lter array 22 is a mosaic ?lter made up‘ of
`individual ‘?lter elements, e.g., green (G), red (R) and
`blue (B) ?lters. Such ?lter elements are arranged in
`repeating patterns of high-sensitive elements 200 as
`shown in FIG. 2 with green (G) ?lters occurring at
`every other element position in two perpendicular di-'
`rections. '
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`This invention relates to color image pick-up appara
`tus using solid-state image pick-up devices such as
`charge coupled devices (hereinafter CCD), and more
`particularly, to color video cameras using a single pla
`nar array of solid state, light-sensitive elements.
`Recently, various image pick-up apparatus have been
`developed for a color television system using semicon
`ductor devices such as CCD or bucket brigade devices
`(BBD). Particularly, a color imaging system employing
`a single planar CCD sensor with a color ?lter array has
`been proposed as a home use video camera. However,
`with the present technical level, it is dif?cult to manu
`facture a CCD sensor having a large number of picture
`elements, and as a result,’ CCD color image systems
`have a resolution capability well below that of a stan
`dard video display.
`-
`One method for improving the resolution is by em
`ploying a mosaic ?lter such as “Bater geometry” or
`“Interline geometry” ?lter array as shown in, for exam
`ple, a paper entitled “Color Imaging System Using a
`Single CCD Area Array” by Peter L. P. Dillon et al.,
`25
`IEEE Transactions 0n Electron Device, Vol. ED-25, No.
`2, February 1978. These mosaic ?lters allocate green
`?lters more than red and blue ?lters in repeating pat
`terns so as to pick up much green component signal,
`which component determines resolution.
`Further, it is known in color image systems to use
`such a mosaic ?lter that green component signals pro
`duced from the picture elements of the CCD are de
`layed for one horizontal scanning period and added to
`green component signals successively produced from
`the picture elements of the CCD.
`Such system has higher horizontal resolution. How
`ever, in this system the adjacent two horizontal lines are
`added to each other and the number of effective scan-
`.ning lines equivalently decreases to nearly half of the
`actual number of scanning lines. As a result the vertical
`resolution is lowered.
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
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`50
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`It is an object of this invention to provide a color
`45
`image pick-up apparatus using a single planar array of ‘
`solid state light-sensitive elements, which array has
`excellent horizontal and vertical resolution.
`In accordance with the preferred embodiment of this
`invention, the color image pick-up apparatus includes a
`single planar array of solid state light-sensitive elements
`and a color mosaic ?lter. The color mosaic ?lter is made
`up of three types of elements occurring in repeating
`patterns which are such that a luminance-type element
`occurs at every other element portion along both of two
`55
`orthogonal direction. The signal corresponding to lumi
`nance is separated from the output signal produced by
`the solid state light-sensitive elements and delayed for
`one horizontal scanning period. The high frequency
`component of the delayed signal is extracted. The ex
`tracted high frequency component signal is supple
`mented to the signal corresponding to luminance which
`is succeedingly produced from the solid state light-sen
`sitive elements.
`‘
`
`BRIEF'DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`Other objects and advantages of this invention will '
`become more apparentand more readily appreciated
`
`65
`
`If an interlace scanning system is employed, one pitch
`of the color ?lter corresponds to two picture elements,
`i.e., one pitch corresponds with one of the light-sensi
`. tive elements 200 ‘in a vertical direction and one pitch of
`the color ?lter corresponds with one picture element in
`the horizontal direction. The upper of each pair of pic
`ture elements 200 under each ?lter element are driven in
`the odd ?eld scanning, and the lower are driven in the
`even ?eld scanning.
`Referring back to FIG. 1, solid state image pick-up
`device 20 is connected to a driver circuit 24. Driver
`circuit 24 supplies a driving signal DS to solid state
`image pick-up device 20 in response to a pulse signal Po
`generated from a pulse generator 26. Solid state image
`pick-up device 20 produces an electrical video signal in
`response to incident light. The output video signal is
`transmitted to switching circuit 30 and sample-and-hold ‘
`circuits 32 and 34 through an output terminal 28 of solid
`state image pick-up device 20.
`Switching circuits 30 and sample-and-hold circuits 32
`and 34 respond to pulse signals P1, P2 and P3 generated
`from pulse generator 26 and extract green (G), red (R)
`and blue (B) component signals from the output signal
`of solid state image pick-up device 20, respectively.
`
`VALEO EX. 1021_010
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`The green component signal (G) from switching
`supplemented by 1H delayed high frequency green
`component signal.
`circuit 30 is delivered to a one horizontal scanning per
`iod delay circuit (hereinafter 1H delay circuit) 36, for
`FIG. 4A shows the incident pattern on the solid state‘
`example, a CCD delay circuit which delays the signal
`image pick-up device 20. This pattern is vertical stripes
`one horizontal scanning period. The delayed signal is
`of black (B) and white (W) and high horizontal resolu
`delivered to a high-pass ?lter 38' to pass the high fre
`tion is required to reproduce such a pattern accurately.
`quency component signal GH of the green component
`In accordance with the invention, the high frequency
`signal. The high frequency component signal GH is
`green component signal obtained before one horizontal
`supplied to an adder circuit 40 together with the output
`scanning period is supplemented by the green compo
`of switching circuit 30.
`nent signal now obtained from the solid state image
`Adder circuit 40 adds the high frequency component
`pick-up device 20. Accordingly, the green component
`GH of the green component signal delayed for one
`signal increases as shown FIG. 4B and the horizontal
`horizontal scanning period to the green component
`resolution is improved.
`'
`signal G produced by switching circuit 30. The output
`Improving the vertical resolution of the color image
`signal of adder circuit 40 is delivered to a low-pass ?lter
`pick-up apparatus depends on the low frequency com
`42 with the high frequency band, for example, 3.58
`ponent of the green component signal. Therefore, even
`MHz which removes a clock noise and a switching
`if the green component signal is supplemented by the
`noise from the output signal of adder circuit 40. The
`high frequency green component signal, it does no harm
`clock noise is produced in driving solid state image
`to vertical resolution.
`pick-up apparatus 20 and the switching noise is pro
`FIG. 5A shows the incident pattern on the solid state
`duced in switching circuit 30. The output signal of
`image pick-up device 20. This pattern is lateral stripes of
`low-pass ?lter 42 is delivered to a color encoder 44.
`black (B) and white (W) and high vertical resolution is
`The red (R) and blue (B) component signals extracted
`required to reproduce such a pattern accurately. In
`by sample-and-hold circuits 32 and 34 are held for two
`accordance with the prior art system, the 1H delayed
`picture elements scanning period, and are delivered to
`25
`signal, that is, the black color signal is added to the
`color coder 44 through low-pass ?lters 46_and 48 which
`signal now produced from solid state image pick-up
`remove the clock and switching noises from the red and
`signal, that is, the white color signal. As a result, a gray
`blue component signals, respectively. Color encoder 44
`color signal is produced.
`produces an NTSC color signal by composing the
`In accordance with this invention, as only the high
`green, red and blue component signals in response to a
`frequency of the 1H delayed signal is added to the signal
`clock pulse from clock generator 26.
`now produced from solid state image pick-up apparatus,
`The operation of the color image pick-up apparatus
`the vertical resolution is not affected. Accordingly, the
`shown in FIG. 1 will be described referring to FIGS.
`white and black stripes are reproduced with high reso
`3A to 5B.
`lution. In the system of the present invention, the signals
`When solid state image pick-up device 20 with color
`of the adjacent two scanning lines are not added with
`?lter array 22 shown in FIG. 2 is driven by driver cir
`respect to the vertical direction. As a result, the vertical
`cuit 24, color signals responding to the arrangement of
`resolution is improved in comparison with the prior art.
`the color ?lters are produced from solid state image
`Thus, the color image pick-up apparatus according to
`pick-up device 20. The color signals thus produced are
`the present invention has not only excellent horizontal
`separated into each color signal, that is, green compo
`resolution but also excellent vertical resolution.
`nent signal (G), red component signal (R) and blue
`As an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG.
`component signal (B) by switching circuits 20 and sam
`1, 1H delay circuit 36 may be provided between high
`ple-and-hold circuits 32 and 34. FIG. 3A shows the
`pass ?lter 38 and adder circuit 40.
`separated green component signal. The green compo
`FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the present
`nent signal G1 according to the scanning line S,, is de
`invention similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 except that
`layed for one horizontal scanning period by 1H delay
`only high-pass ?lter 38 is connected between switching
`circuit 36 and its high frequency component G1H is
`circuit 30 and adder circuit 40 and a 1H delay circuit 50
`extracted from the green component signal by high-pass
`the same as 1H delay circuit 36 is provided between
`?lter 38. The high frequency component thus obtained
`solid state image pick-up device 20 and sample-and-hold
`is added to the green component signal G2 according to
`the scanning line S,,+1. The green component signal G2
`circuits 32 and 34.
`'
`In operation, the green component signal from
`is delayed for one horizontal scanning period and its
`switching circuit 30 is delivered to 1H delay circuit 36
`_ high frequency component GZH is extracted therefrom,
`and high-pass ?lter 38. The output signals of 1H delay
`and then it is added to the green component signal G3
`circuit 36 and high-pass ?lter 38 are delivered to adder
`according to the scanning line S,,+2. Accordingly, the
`55
`circuit 40, and added to each other. Thus, in accordance
`output signal waveform of adder circuit 40 is shown in
`with this embodiment, the high frequency of the green
`FIG. 3B.
`component signal now produced by solid state image
`The resolution of the color image pick-up apparatus
`pick-up apparatus 20 is supplemented to the 1H delayed
`depends on the number of picture elements, that is, the
`green component signal as shown in FIG. 7. 1H delay
`sampling number of signal corresponding to luminance,
`circuit 50 delays the red and blue component signals to
`i.e. green component signal. Particularly, the horizontal
`cause their phases to correspond with that of the green
`resolution depends on the high frequency component of
`component signal from 11-1 delay circuit 36. As an alter
`the green component signal and the vertical resolution
`depends on the low frequency component of the green
`native to providing 1H delay circuit between solid state 1
`component signal.
`image pick-up device 20 and sample-and-hold circuits
`32 vand 34, III delay delay circuits may be each pro
`Accordingly, the horizontal resolution of the color
`image pick-up apparatus according to the present inven~
`vided between color coder 44 and sample-and-hold
`tion is improved because the green component signal is
`circuits 32 and 34.
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`4,390,895
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`sponding to luminance, for example, transparent ?lters
`FIG. 8 illustrates yet another embodiment of this
`invention. In FIG. 8, the output signal of solid state
`shown in FIG.’ 10..
`‘
`.
`image pick-up device 20 is delivered to a switching
`While the invention has been described in connection
`circuit 52, switching circuit 30’ and sample-and-hold
`with what is presently considered to be the most practi
`cal and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood
`circuits 32 and 34 through a 1H delay circuit 54. Fur- .
`ther the output signal of solid state image pick-up de
`that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed
`vice 20 is delivered to switching circuit 52. Switching
`embodiments but on the contrary, is intended to cover
`circuit 52 alternatively extracts the green component
`various modi?cations ‘and equivalent arrangements in- ,
`signal from the output signals of solid state image pick
`cluded within the spirit and scope of the- appended
`claims which scope is to be accorded the broadest inter
`up device 20 and 1H delay circuit v54 in response to a
`control signal P7 from pulse’ generator 26. The output
`pretation so as to encompass all such modi?cations an
`signal of switching circuit 52 is delivered to low-pass
`equivalent structures.
`.
`‘
`?lter 56 to remove the switching noise, etc.
`'
`What is claimed is:
`Switching circuit 30 and sample-and-hold circuits 32
`1. A color image pick-up apparatus comprising: '
`a substantially planar array of solid state light-sensi
`and 34 extract green, red and blue' signals from the
`output signal of 1H delay circuit 54. The output signals
`tive elements;
`from switching circuit 30 and sample-and-hold circuits
`a ?lter mosaic made up of individual ?lter elements
`' 32 and 34 are each delivered to a matrix circuit 58,
`which are superposed in one-to-one registry on '
`said light-sensitive elements, said mosaic being
`which produces a low frequency luminance signal by
`comprised of a ?rst type of element sensitive to a
`adding at a predetermined rate green, red and blue
`component signals, through low~pass ?lters 30, 32 and
`spectral region corresponding to luminance and '
`34. The frequency band of low-pass ?lter 56 is wide, for
`associated with the color green, a second type of
`example, 3.2 MHZ, enough to extract the high fre
`element sensitive to one spectral region corre
`quency component of the output signal from switching
`sponding to chrominance and associated with the »
`‘circuit 52. The frequency bands of low-pass ?lter 60, 62
`color red, and third type of element sensitive to a
`different spectral region corresponding to chromi
`and 64 are relatively narrow, for example, 500 KHz,
`according to the frequency band width of color signal.
`nance and associated with the color blue, the three
`types of elements occurring in repeating patterns
`The output signal of low-pass ?lter 56 is ‘delivered to
`a subtraction circuit 66 together with the output signal
`which are such that over at least a major portion of
`of low-pass ?lter 60. Subtraction circuit 66 subtracts the
`said array luminance-type elements occur at every
`other element position along both of two orthogo
`output signal of low-pass ?lter 60 from the output signal
`nal directions of said array;
`of low-pass ?lter 56. As a result, subtraction circuit 66
`produces the green component signal and the 1H de
`. separating means for separating said signals associ
`layed high frequency green component signal alterna
`ated with red, green, and blue from the output
`signal of said solid state image pick-up device; '
`tively.
`.
`extracting means for extracting a high frequency
`The output signal is delivered to an adder circuit 68
`component from said signal corresponding to lumi
`together with the output signal of matrix circuit 58.
`Adder circuit 68 adds the high frequency green compo
`nance and associated with green;
`means for adding said high frequency component
`nent signal from subtraction circuit 66 and the low
`signal corresponding to luminance and associated
`frequency luminance signal from matrix circuit 58 to
`produce a luminance signal which improves both hori~
`with green to the signal corresponding to lumi
`zontal and vertical resolution.
`' nance produced from the adjacent horizontal ele
`ment of said solid state light-sensitive element; and
`This output signal is delivered to color encoder 44
`together with the output signals of matrix circuit 58 and
`color encoder means, connected to said separating
`45
`low-pass ?lters 62 and 64. Color encoder 44 produces
`means and adding means, for producing color
`video signals from the signals corresponding to said
`color video signal having excellent color reproduction.
`luminance and chrominance.
`FIG. 9 illustrates further embodiment of this inven
`2. A color image pick-up apparatus according to
`tion similar to that illustrated in FIG. 8 except that only
`claim 1, wherein said luminance-type elements of the
`the output signal of solid state image pick-up device is
`directly delivered to switching circuit 30 and sample
`?lter mosaic are transparent ?lters.
`3. A color image pick-up apparatus according to
`hold circuit 32 and 34 without passing through 1H
`claim 1, wherein said adding means comprises:
`delay circuit 54 and the high frequency green compo
`a delay circuit, connected between said separating
`nent signal is extractedby a high-pass ?lter 70 con
`means and said extracting means, for delaying the
`nected between low-pass ?lter 56 and adder circuit 68.
`signal from said separating means for one horizon
`In accordance with this embodiment, 1H delay cir
`cuit 54 does not have to deliver the low frequency
`tal scanning period.
`,
`4. A color image pick-up apparatus according to
`component of the video signal from solid state image
`claim 1, wherein said adding means comprises:
`pick-up apparatus and a glass delay line may be em
`a delay circuit, connected to said extracting means,
`ployed as the 1H delay circuit. As a result, the color
`image pick-up apparatus is constructed simply.
`for" delaying the signal from said extracting means
`for one horizontal scanning period, and
`As an alternative the series circuit of low-pass ?lter
`adder circuit, connected to said delay circuit and said
`56 and high-pass filter 70 in FIG. 9, a band pass ?lter
`separating means, for adding the output signal of
`may be provided.
`,
`said delay circuit to the output signal of said sepa
`The color ?lter array is not limited to the embodi
`rating means.
`ment shown in FIG. 2, but may employ “Bayer geome
`5. A color image pick-up apparatus according
`try” ?lter arrays and the like. Further, green ?lters of
`claim 1, wherein said adding means comprises:
`the color ?lter array may be replaced by ?lters corre
`
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`a delay circuit, connected to said separating means,
`for delaying the signal from said separating means
`one horizontal scanning period, and
`‘
`adder circuit, connected to said extracting means and
`said delay circuit, for adding the output signal of
`said exacting means to the output signal of said
`delay circuit.
`‘
`-
`6. A color image pick-up apparatus comprising:
`a substantially planar array of solid state light-sensi
`tive elements;
`a ?lter mosaic made of individual ?lter elements
`which are superposed in one-to-one registry on
`said light-sensitive elements, said mosaic being
`comprised of a ?rst type of ?lter element sensitive
`to a spectral region corresponding to luminance
`and associated with the color green, a second type
`of element sensitive to one spectral region corre
`sponding to chrominance and associated with the
`color red, and third type of element sensitive to a
`different spectral region corresponding to chromi
`nance and associated with the color blue, the three
`types of elements occurring in repeating patterns
`25
`which are such that over at least a major portion of
`said array luminance~type elements occur at every
`other element portion along both of two orthogo
`nal directions of said array;
`means for delaying the output signal of said solid state
`light-sensitive elements for one horizontal scanning
`period;
`‘
`?rst separating means, connected to the output and
`input of said delaying means, for separating said
`signals corresponding to luminance alternatively
`
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`4,390,895
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`from the input signal and from the output signal of
`said delaying means;
`second separating means for separating said signals
`associated with red green and blue from the output
`signal of said solid state light-sensitive element;
`extracting means for extracting a low frequency com
`ponent from the signal corresponding to luminance
`and associated with green separated by said second
`separating means;
`subtracting means for subtracting the output signal of
`said extracting means from the output signal of said
`?rst separating means; and
`color encoder for producing color video signal from
`the signals from said subtracting means and said
`second separating means.
`7. A color image pick-up apparatus according to
`claim 6, wherein said second separating means is con
`nected to the output terminal of said delaying means.
`8. A color image pick-up apparatus according to
`claim 6, further comprises:
`means for extracting low frequency components from
`the signals corresponding to chrominance;
`a matrix circuit, connected to said extracting means,
`for producing a luminance signal from said signals
`corresponding to luminance and chrominance; and
`w an adder circuit for adding said luminance signal from
`said matrix circuit to the signal from said subtract
`ing means.
`9. A color image pick-up apparatus according to
`claim 6, wherein said luminance-type elements of the
`?lter mosaic are sensitive in the green region of the
`spectrum, and the two types of chrominance elements
`are sensitive in the red and blue regions of the spectrum,
`respectively.
`
`* *
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`*
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`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`VALEO EX. 1021_013
`
`