BUSINESS
`GUIDES
`
`Fifth Edition
`
`ANNONSIIMINIMILlift
`• More than1,,;_.,00 key computer terms with definitions
`• Includes hundreds of words and expressions
`that apply specifically to the Internet
`f, User-friendly descriptions of programming concepts,
`desktop and cher applications, and much more
`.1‘ Filled with illustration
`
`, -mlisvtatmainir
`• Dawning; Ph.D., Michael Covington, Ph.D., and
`flock. Mauldin Covington,
`
`LG v. Straight Path, IPR2015-00209
`Straight Path - Exhibit 2031 - Page 1
`
`

`
`AB
`
`Douglas Dove,
`is the author
`Computer Pr
`(with Mark
`(with Jeff C
`Quantitative
`Review seri
`Mathematics
`He holds the
`Michael
`language pr
`Georgia. He i
`Now magazi
`(published b
`Nute), Astro
`High Middle!
`computer an4
`linguistics 1.0
`Melody N
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`by Barron's)
`Journal and /
`
`0 Copyright 1996 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
`Prior editions © copyright 1995, 1992, 1989, and 1986
`by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
`No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm,
`All rights reserved.
`xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information
`retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission
`of the copyright owner.
`All inquiries should be addressed to:
`Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
`250 Wireless Boulevard
`Hauppauge, New York 11788
`Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 96-9250
`International Standard Book No. 0-8120-981 1-0
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Downing, Douglas.
`Dictionary of computer terms / Douglas A. Downing, Michael
`Covington, Melody Mauldin Covington-5th ed.
`cm.
`Previous eds. published under title: Dictionary of computer terms.
`p.
`ISBN 0-8120-981 1-0
`netwrkngton)—
`2. Internet (Computer
`Computers—Dictionaries.
`,
`H. Covoi
`1.
`.
`I. Covington, Michael A., 1957—
`Melody Mauldin. III. Downing, Douglas. Dictionary of computer
`Dictionaries.
`terms. IV. Title.
`1996
`96-9250
`QA76.15.D667
`004'.03—dc20 CIP
`
`PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
`
`987654
`
`LG v. Straight Path, IPR2015-00209
`Straight Path - Exhibit 2031 - Page 2
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`

`
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`APPLICATION MENU
`Basic for DOS and Windows, and CA- Realizer for OS/2 have appli-
`cation frameworks built in.
`APPLICATION MENU (Macintosh) the menu at the far right end of
`a window's title bar that allows you to quickly switch between open
`application programs. The icon for the Application Menu changes to
`show the active program.
`A similar Windows feature is the TASK UST.
`APPLICATION PROGRAMS computer programs that perform useful
`work not related to the computer itself. Examples include word pro-
`cessors, spreadsheets, accounting systems, and engineering programs.
`Contrast UTILITIES; OPERATING SYSTEM.
`APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMER a person who writes programs that
`use the computer as a tool to solve particular problems, rather than just
`to manage the computer itself. Contrast SYSTEMS PROGRAMMER.
`ARC
`1. part of a circle.
`2. a data compression program for the IBM PC formerly produced
`by System Enhancement Associates in the mid-1980s, a precursor of
`ZIP. See ZIP FILE.
`ARCCOS see ARC COSINE.
`ARC COSINE the inverse of the trigonometric cosine function. If x =
`cos y then y = arccos x. Many computer languages provide the arc
`tangent function but not the arc cosine function. You can work around
`this by using the relation:
`
`arccos x = arctan
`x
`where x is positive and angles are expressed in radians. See also
`TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS.
`ARCHIE a SEARCH ENGINE for finding files available by ANONYMOUS
`FTP. At many UNIX sites, the Archie database can be searched by
`typing the command archie. The database resides on a number of
`sites known as Archie servers.
`Archie was developed by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and Peter
`Deutsch at McGill University. The name is said to be short for
`"archive."
`ARCHIVAL STORAGE storage for data that must be kept fora long time
`but will seldom be used, such as backup copies of working programs.
`Microcomputers with hard disks often use tape cartridges or floppy
`disks for archival storage. Magnetic tape is usually the cheaper form
`of archival storage, but the tapes should be copied every 2 or 3 years
`their contents are still needed, since tapes can become demagneti
`with age.
`
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`Straight Path - Exhibit 2031 - Page 3