• TECHNOLOGY SPOTLIGHT •
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`
`NEW
`
`ENGINEERING
`jGVSy 1995
`
`is
`
`Product
`Advanced
`for BellSouth
`
`is
`Dr Alan Murch
`Technology
`Specialist
`''or BellSouth
`
`Stiffe
`Peter
`Manager.
`Applications
`
`i ^^
`MESSAGING USING THE GIOBAL
`SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
`
`The BellSouth mobile c o m m u n i c a t i o ns n e t w o rk uses the
`Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) digital
`radio cellular standard for providing a public land mobile
`network (PLMN). GSM was designed from a 'clean slate'
`incorporating the innovation and research of the time. It was
`not designed to be b a c k w a rd compatible with any other
`system and because of this GSM was able to make the 'leap'
`to a new generation of mobile telecommunications network
`(ie.
`the so called second generation system).
`An example of these new generation concepts is that GSM
`has based much of its service concepts on ISDN (Integrated
`Services Digital Network) and its ongoing developments.
`This not only means that there is a high degree of seamless
`service operation between GSM and ISDN services, but it
`also forms a common basis on which GSM (and ISDN) can
`evolve.
`This provides customers with a wide range of integrated
`wireless telecommunications services. In this article we
`describe those services which fall u n d er the general heading
`of 'GSM messaging services'.
`As a general concept m e s s a g i ng is the t r a n s p o rt of
`messages (be it in text, paging, e-mail, fax, or voice format)
`b e t w e en o r i g i n a t o rs and
`r e c i p i e n t s. We d i s c u ss h ow
`messaging is i m p l e m e n t ed in GSM, w h at features GSM
`messaging supports, and some applications and terminals
`which are currently available. It should be noted that this
`article approaches the subject from a standards point of view
`and that many, but not all, of the services and features
`discussed are currently available from BellSouth.
`GSM messaging is supported within the GSM network
`by a service called short message service (SMS), which is
`actually comprised of two services: the short message mobile
`terminated (SMS-MT) service and the short message mobile
`originated (SMS-MO) service.
`The short messaging service supports the transport of
`messages containing up to approximately 150 bytes of user
`data between a GSM mobile terminal and the short message
`service centre (SM-SC). Information automatically included
`in the message includes date, time and originators ID. The
`short message service centre provides message store and
`forwarding functions (eg. forwarding messages from one
`mobile terminal to another), interworking and interfaces to
`other messaging systems (eg. corporate e-mail networks),
`and can also support messaging applications (eg. closed user
`group). The service centre can be remote from the GSM
`network (eg. on a customer's premises for supporting in-
`company paging) or integrated with the GSM network.
`Figure 1 s h o ws the n e t w o rk a r c h i t e c t u re for GSM
`messaging. Messages are transported over the GSM (packet
`switched) signalling network, and therefore do not require
`the setting up of a switched circuit. This makes the transport
`of short messages within the network efficient and quick and
`means that messages can be received by a mobile phone during
`a voice or circuit switched data or fax call.
`I'M NOT HOME RIGHT NOW. Messages can be transmitted
`or received directly from the mobile phone or controlled from
`a PC, PDA or other data terminal via, for example, a PCMCIA
`card (PC Card as shown in Figure 1). The PC card interface
`allows GSM messaging to be used for applications such as
`telemetry, despatching systems, and e-mail. Messages can
`be stored in the phone memory, SIM (Bell Card) memory (a
`s m a rt card w h i ch h o l ds p e r s o n a l i s ed GSM
`service
`information), or in the case of a mobile phone connected to
`a data terminal, messages can be read and stored by the data
`terminal itself.
`
`PC Card
`
`Access
`server
`
`Figure 1: GSM messaging
`Short
`network architecture.
`messages can be sent between mobiles or to an external messaging
`networks (eg. corporate LAN). The short message service centre
`(SMSC) performs message store and forward.
`Interworking
`functions can be integrated
`into the SMSC or on a separate node
`(access server). Note that, the GSM network elements
`illustrated
`include: Mobile Switching Centre (MSC), Home Location Register
`(HLR) and Visitor Location Register
`(VLR).
`GSM m e s s a g i ng is a t w o - w ay confirmed messaging
`service. The originator of a message is notified immediately
`of the delivery (success or failure) of the message to the service
`centre and separately, as an option, the originator can be
`notified via delivery and status reports detailing the status
`of the message as it is transported to the recipient.
`One example of how confirmation works is that the short
`message service centre may be unable fo deliver a message
`because the mobile phone is switched off or the mobile phone's
`memory may be full. The service cenfre will store the message
`and can notify the originator of the p e n d i ng message status.
`When the recipient's mobile p h o ne is switched on or when
`sufficient room in the mobile p h o n e 's m e m o ry becomes
`available the service centre is immediately informed by the
`GSM network, the stored message is delivered to the recipient
`and the originator can be notified by a delivery report.
`GSM messaging carries n u m b e r i ng plan and protocol
`identification
`i n f o r m a t i on
`to e n a b le a m o re seamless
`interworking between messaging systems. For example, GSM
`messaging can carry different types of addresses such as an
`X.400 address or a fax n u m b er of the recipient along with
`the identification of the higher layer protocol. From this
`information the service centre can identify and undertake
`the necessary interworking required to deliver the message
`to a different m e s s a g i ng s y s t e m. D e p e n d i ng on
`the
`functionality of this other messaging system delivery reports
`can be returned to the message originator.
`GSM messaging borrows many features from the X.400
`messaging protocol, and most of the usual types of messaging
`features are incorporated into GSM messaging. However,
`some other n o t e w o r t hy features are p a r t i c u l ar to GSM
`messaging. Examples include automatic international roaming
`which allows messages to be delivered w h en 'roaming' to a
`GSM network in another country and encryption of messages
`during transportation across the radio interface.
`ALL-IN-ONE. There is currently one GSM phone capable
`of sending short messages commercially available in New
`Zealand. Almost all GSM mobile phones support the reception
`of messages. Once received by a mobile phone messages can
`be stored in the phone or on the SIM card. These capabilities
`represent some of the first steps towards fully
`integrated
`p e r s o n al c o m m u n i c a t o r s, w h e re voice, d a t a, fax and
`messaging are integrated into a single mobile terminal.
`Integrating messaging into the GSM mobile phone has
`enabled many messaging applications which complement
`and aid voice calling (the use which mobile phones have
`traditionally been used for) to be developed. For example,
`GSM messaging applications presently available to customers
`on m o st GSM n e t w o r ks w o r l d w i de are voice a nd fax
`messaging notification and confirmed paging.
`Voice and fax messaging notification is an application
`using GSM messaging to inform a recipient that a voice or
`fax message (or mail from any messaging system) has been
`delivered to their mailbox. Once informed the recipient can
`access their mail in the usual way. Confirmed paging is an
`application using GSM messaging to deliver a personalised
`text message to a recipient. Customers can use this service
`
`Google Ex. 1004, pg. 1
`
`

`

`N EW ZEALAND tNGtNEERiNC
`AUGUST 199S
`
`GY SPOTLIGHT
`• T E C H N O I ^Y SI
`
`as an alternative to or as a complement to a voice mailbox.
`The delivery of other types of information to customers
`using GSM messaging is being developed and becoming
`available in GSM n e t w o r k s. Information p r o v i d e rs are
`beginning to supply financial, sporting and news services.
`A key aspect of these information services is the ability for
`customers to precisely select and screen the information they
`wish to receive. For example, customers can select to be
`informed when the spot rate for a currency moves outside a
`defined range, or of a particular sporting result.
`CALL ME. Employees of companies are tending to spend
`less time at their desks but nevertheless need to remain
`contactable. Increasingly messaging services are seen as a
`way of achieving this. C o m p a ny e-mail notification and
`delivery, and c o m p a ny p a g i ng are two such messaging
`applications.
`these
`One way which GSM m e s s a g i ng can s u p p o rt
`applications is via an access server (as shown on Figure 1).
`The access server p r o v i d es connectivity,
`i n t e r w o r k i n g,
`security, billing and other functions for connectivity to the
`GSM messaging service. A client gateway on the premises
`of the company using the service provides connectivity to
`the access server via X.25, frame relay, leased line or dialup
`connection. The client gateway interfaces with widely used
`e-mail and paging software packages.
`Easy and reliable wireless connectivity is seen as being
`critical for the mobile computing mass market. GSM supports
`voice, data, fax and messaging t h r o u gh one integrated
`network. The weight, form factor, user interface and battery
`life of mobile terminal equipment are seen as other important
`requirements. The combination of GSM connectivity with
`the PDA is therefore an exciting development.
`There is a lot of development effort going into integrating
`connectivity info PDA applications, particularly messaging
`and facsimile. Facsimile and e-mail have become ubiquitous
`forms of communication in business today. The PDA will
`enhance both facsimile and e-mail with mobility.
`The 'friendly' user interfaces of most PDAs makes the
`writing and sending of faxes and e-mail an easy and natural
`mode of communication. The short message service further
`enhances PDA based communication by providing an efficient
`and cost effective mechanism for transporting small amounts
`of data. A number of PDA applications are being built around
`the use of GSM short messaging to take advantage of the
`service. Examples include, sending despatching information
`to taxis or couriers, reading the barcodes in a warehouse
`and sending the information to the central database, and
`information services such as the price of a stock or currency
`may be graphed and continually u p d a t ed through short
`messages.
`GSM messaging provides a secure, reliable and cost
`effective means for t r a n s m i t t i ng information. It can be
`integrated into existing information and communication
`systems and is supported by a variety of mobile phones and
`terminal equipment.
`Messaging coupled with the wide range of existing and
`future communication services provided for in the GSM
`standard will make it possible to realise new communication
`applications not before possible in a wireless or a fixed
`network enxironmenf.
`
`The Apple Newton PDA
`
`ENGINEERING/SCIENCE
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`
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`CIVIL ENGINEER
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`C O N S U L T I NG
`
`Google Ex. 1004, pg. 2
`
`