`distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers, please click here or use the "Reprints" tool that appears
`next to any article. Visit www.nytreprints.com for samples and additional information. Order a reprint of this
`article now. »
`
`March 23, 1997
`FAST FORWARD
`
`Pushy, Pushy
`
`By JAMES GLEICK
`
`Calling all touts! today's online watchword: Push.
`
`Those responsible for preannouncing the Internet's hot new ideas are pushing Push with a
`ferocious unanimity. The concept of Push hit the covers of Business Week and Wired
`simultaneously. Push led The Wall Street Journal's front page. The nuances and ramifications of
`Push more or less dominate the computer trade press.
`
`Still, you may be forgiven for not knowing what anyone is talking about. The idea behind this huge
`fourletter word goes something like this: the Internet is a vast and confusing junkyard. You
`should not have to click your way aimlessly hither and yon. Companies with the information you
`need should Push it to you.
`
`If you want a weather forecast, you shouldn't have to ask for it. It should come direct to your
`screen. When the forecast changes, your screen should update itself. That's Push you don't lift a
`finger. An assortment of startup companies are designing services featuring Push: they can
`already push news bites and stock prices. And if that doesn't convince you, maybe this will:
`Microsoft has chosen a Pushy approach for its revamped online service information flowing to
`you in channels and has let it be known that it will build engines of Push into the next version of
`Windows.
`
`So much for this month's conventional wisdom. Now for the reality: the promotion of Push is the
`silliest piece of puffery to waft along in several seasons. In fact, Push is nothing more than a thinly
`disguised return to ideas of information delivery that the Internet has made obsolete. The failure
`of Push is preordained.
`
`Most likely, you've barely caught up with Pull where you have to do the work of exploration. It's
`easy to forget that most of the world is still a long way from discovering the Internet, let alone
`enjoying it. The stillsmall population that does browse the World Wide Web is mastering Pull.
`Just a few months ago, this was considered easy, as in, ''so easy you just point and click,'' but it
`does require your attention. You must look, think and choose. Push, presumably, lets you just sit
`and stare.
`
`7/20/2015
`
`Pushy, Pushy The New York Times
`
`http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/23/magazine/pushypushy.html?pagewanted=print
`
`1/3
`
`
`
`''The Web browser itself is about to croak,'' shouts the current Wired in multicolored large type.
`''And good riddance.'' So much for the cultural revolution!
`
`Pull, it turns out, has begun to disappoint advertisers. If you control your Web browser, you have
`gained the power to seek out or to ignore the kinds of commercial messages that, in traditional
`media, are pushed at you more or less indiscriminately. In the long run, that may actually benefit
`advertisers and their targets as well: a consumer who takes the trouble to click on an
`advertisement is pure gold. In the short run, Internet advertisers are looking at numbers in the
`thousands or even hundreds, instead of their accustomed millions. You aren't pulling those ads
`with sufficient predictability.
`
`Information flowing to you in channels: does that have a familiar ring? It should. The lingo of
`Push involves plays on the word broadcasting: Webcasting, narrowcasting, pointcasting. Point
`Cast is an Internet startup company that feeds news tidbits and advertisements onto your screen
`without your moving a finger. Marimba, another new company in the Push business, speaks in
`terms of channels, tuners and transmitters.
`
`So: multimedia content, sound blended with pictures, appearing on the screen before your eyes,
`supplemented with advertising from commercial sponsors. Yes, we have seen this before. It's
`television.
`
`Narrowcasting is meant to improve on broadcasting by sharpening the focus, with millions of
`channels personalized to individual taste. Narrowcasting will come, in the airwaves and on line
`alike. That's the direction of modern broadcasting anyway. But all these forms of casting mean
`that the information provider acts and the user simply waits and receives. Most of the time, that is
`no longer enough.
`
`Some forms of information must be pushed, and the intelligence of the pushing can only improve.
`Email is pushed, of course. You might want to let weather forecasts and stock prices flow into
`small windows on your screen, especially if you are the kind of person who leaves the Weather
`Channel on in the background or stares at the stock ticker through a brokerage storefront window.
`News bulletins can be pushed, but if you have ever tried subscribing to a service that clips and
`filters news to your particular taste, you know that the necessary forms of artificial intelligence do
`not exist. Do you want news about the Internet or the Clintons or the trade deficit? You are certain
`to be either overwhelmed or underwhelmed by the mass of material that will be pushed your way.
`
`Push implies interruption and salesmanship. Pull implies choice. Even when you do settle back
`and watch television, you reveal your boredom with Push as soon as your hand drifts toward the
`remote control. Most of us find ourselves unwilling to sit passively, a fact that the networks and
`their advertisers struggle with daily. Every time you click, you are casting your vote for Pull. Your
`children vote for Pull every time they turn off broadcast television to play a video game.
`
`Most of the valuable information you pull from the online world will never be pushed by content
`
`7/20/2015
`
`Pushy, Pushy The New York Times
`
`http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/23/magazine/pushypushy.html?pagewanted=print
`
`2/3
`
`
`
`providers. If your particular obsession is aerial kite photography, or Sesame Street lyrics, or the
`past and future of baseball parks, or the BulwerLytton Fiction Contest (''where www means
`wretched writers welcome''), you will be able to find resources and kindred souls, but no one will
`push them your way.
`
`The Web browser and other Internet tools are making their way into users' hands with astonishing
`speed precisely because they allow the operator to move, find, control and wander at will. They are
`evolving, not as receptacles for content providers' Push, but as tools for your Pull. They are not
`about to croak. On the contrary, they are the ultimate remote control.
`
`Drawing (Illustration by John Hersey)
`
`Copyright 2015 The New York Times Company Home Privacy Policy Search Corrections XML Help Contact Us
`Back to Top
`
`7/20/2015
`
`Pushy, Pushy The New York Times
`
`http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/23/magazine/pushypushy.html?pagewanted=print
`
`3/3