McGraw-Hill Illustrated
`Telecom Dictionary
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`Jade Clayton
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`Fourth Edition
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`McGraw-Hill
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`International Gateways
`
`dial the United States from another country that is a part of the NANP (North American
`Numbering Plan), simply dial the area code the same way you would call long distance
`to another state. To call the United States from another country that is not a part of the
`NANP, consult your long—distance company. The United States has different country
`codes/access codes for almost every country that is not a part of the NANP.
`
`International telecommunications are done through gateway
`International GateWays
`central offices. Gateway central offices (class 5 central offices) connect communications
`to other countries. The gateway does the translation from T1 to El, T8 to E8, and vice
`versa.
`
`International Organization for Standardization (ISO) A consortium of worldwide
`telecommunications experts that has created a wide range of standards, including
`those relevant to data transport and data networking. ISO developed the OSI (Open
`Systems Interconnect) Reference Model, which is a mainstay for the data network-
`ing industry.
`
`International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) A worldwide standards organization
`through which public and private organizations develop telecommunications standards for
`hardware and software. The ITU was founded in 1865 and became a United Nations agency
`in 1947. It is responsible for adopting international treaties, regulations, and standards
`governing telecommunications. The standardization functions were formerly performed by
`a group within the ITU called CCITT. After a 1992 reorganization, the CCITT no longer
`exists as a separate body.
`
`Internet A network of computers that originated as ARPANET, an information commu-
`nications project of the United States Department of Defense. Over time, many other or-
`ganizations, private and public, have utilized the project by connecting their computers
`to it. Its primary protocol is TCP/IP. Today, many Internet service providers can offer ac-
`cess to the Internet for as little as $15 per month. The Internet is growing exponentially
`as more service providers and customers gain access to it. It currently links millions of
`computers, with which users find and exchange information, buy and sell services or
`products, and play games.
`Internet Address A 82-bit dotted notation address that identifies a host on a network
`and the network it is a part of. The five types of Internet addresses are defined by classes.
`The network and host identification within the 32-bit address is determined by the sub-
`net mask that is used in conjunction with the host IP address.
`Internet-Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) An organization operated under the
`support of the ISOC (Internet Society) as a part of the Internet Architecture Board. IANA
`delegates authority for IP address allocation and domain name assignment to the Intel"-
`NIC. IANA also maintains a data base of protocol identifiers they assign for the TOP”?
`stack, including autonomous system numbers. See also Internet Architecture B06Wd» 1”‘
`
`ternet Society, and InterNIC.