`571.272.7822
`
`Paper 8
`Entered: September 29, 2014
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`AMERICAN HONDA MOTOR CO., INC.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`AMERICAN VEHICULAR SCIENCES LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`
`Case IPR2014-00633
`Patent 7,650,210 B2
`
`
`
`Before JAMESON LEE, BARBARA A. PARVIS, and
`GREGG I. ANDERSON, Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`PARVIS, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`
`DECISION
`Institution of Inter Partes Review
`37 C.F.R. § 42.108
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`I.
`Background
`A.
`American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (“Honda”) filed a Petition (Paper 1,
`“Pet.”) requesting an inter partes review of claims 1–3, 5, 7–9, 13, 15, 16,
`18, and 19 of U.S. Patent No. 7,650,210 B2 (Exhibit 1001, the “’210
`patent”). American Vehicular Sciences LLC (“AVS”) timely filed a
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`Hyundai Exhibit 1010
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`Preliminary Response. Paper 6 (“Prelim. Resp.”). We have jurisdiction
`under 35 U.S.C. § 314.
`
`The standard for instituting an inter partes review is set forth in
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a), which provides as follows:
`(a) THRESHOLD.—The Director may not authorize an inter
`partes review to be instituted unless the Director determines
`that the information presented in the petition filed under section
`311 and any response filed under section 313 shows that there
`is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with
`respect to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.
`Based on our review of the record, we determine that Honda has
`established a reasonable likelihood that it would prevail in showing the
`unpatentability of each of claims 1–3, 5, 7–9, 13, 15, 16, 18, and 19 of the
`’210 patent. Accordingly, under the standard of 35 U.S.C. § 314, we
`institute an inter partes review of claims 1–3, 5, 7–9, 13, 15, 16, 18, and 19.
`
`Related Proceedings
`B.
`Honda identified, as a related proceeding, the co-pending district court
`cases American Vehicular Sciences LLC v. American Honda Motor Co.,
`Inc., No. 6:13-cv-00226 (E.D. Tex.) (hereinafter “the 226 Litigation”) and
`American Vehicular Sciences LLC v. Toyota Motor Corp., No. 6:13-cv-
`00405 (E.D. Tex.). Pet. 1.
`The ’210 patent is also involved in an inter partes review proceeding,
`Case IPR2013-00415.
`
`The ’210 Patent
`C.
`The ’210 patent relates to arrangements and techniques for managing
`vehicle diagnostic information. Ex. 1001, 2:55–57. According to the ’210
`patent, typical vehicle diagnostic systems provide the present condition of a
`vehicle. Id. at 9:43–44. However, a vehicle operator wants to repair the
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`vehicle or replace a component before it fails. Id. at 9:44–47. Typical prior
`art vehicle diagnostics systems do not indicate when the failure will occur.
`Id. at 9:46–47.
`The ’210 patent discloses that the invention solves the problem of
`vehicle diagnostic systems not indicating an expected failure. Ex. 1001,
`3:21–33, Abstract.
`Figure 20C of the ’210 patent is reproduced below:
`
`
`
`
`Figure 20C of the ’210 patent illustrates an embodiment of a system
`for collecting and processing data about a vehicle. Ex. 1001, 6:4–10.
`Sensors 627 shown in Figure 20C are arranged throughout the vehicle to
`collect data. Ex. 1001, 24:58–25:6. Antenna array 622 is mounted on the
`vehicle to receive wireless signals from sensors 627. Id. at 57:55–59.
`Antenna array 622 is within housing 630 along with control system 628,
`which controls antenna array 622. Id. at 57:60–58:13. Control system 628
`also processes sensor return signals to provide information about the vehicle
`or component. Id. at 58:7–8. Control system 628 directs the processed
`vehicle information to display/telematics unit 629 via an electrical circuit for
`display and/or transmission to a remote location. Id. at 58:14–20.
`Figure 3 of the ’210 patent illustrates an embodiment of the sensors of
`the on-board diagnostic system and is reproduced below:
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`Figure 3 is a schematic of a vehicle illustrating about thirty sensors
`shown in their approximate locations on the vehicle. Ex. 1001, 21:35–37.
`Most of the sensors are mounted on components within the engine of the
`vehicle, including the following: microphone 2, coolant thermometer 3, oil
`pressure sensor 4, oil level sensor 5, air flow meter 6, voltmeter 7, ammeter
`8, engine knock sensor 10, oil turbidity sensor 11, throttle position sensor
`12, oxygen sensor 17, transmission fluid level sensor 25, coolant level
`sensor 27, transmission fluid turbidity sensor 28, brake pressure sensor 29,
`and coolant pressure sensor 30. Id. at 21:62–22:13, Figs. 3, 4. The
`following sensors are mounted within the passenger compartment: crash
`sensor 1, humidity sensor 9, steering torque sensor 13, tachometer 15,
`speedometer 16, pitch and roll sensor 18, clock 19, odometer 20, power
`steering pressure sensor 21, cabin thermometer 24, and yaw sensor 26. Id.
`Pollution sensor 22 and fuel gage 23 are mounted near the tailpipe, and
`wheel speed sensor 14 is mounted on the wheel. Id.
`
`D.
`Illustrative Claim
`Claims 1 and 15 are the independent claims challenged by Honda.
`Each of claims 2, 3, 5, 7–9, and 13 depends directly from claim 1, and each
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`of claims 16, 18, and 19 depends directly from claim 15. Claims 1 and 15
`are illustrative and are reproduced below:
`1. A vehicle, comprising:
`a plurality of components;
`a diagnostic system arranged on the vehicle to determine
`whether any of said components is operating non-optimally, is
`expected to fail or has failed and generate an output indicative
`or representative of the determination of the non-optimal
`operation, expected failure or actual failure of any of said
`components; and
`a communications device coupled to said diagnostic system and
`arranged to direct a transmission of the output of said
`diagnostic system to a remote location such that the output
`indicative or representative of the determination of the non-
`optimal operation, expected failure or actual failure of any of
`said components generated by said diagnostic system is
`transmitted to the remote location.
`15. A method for monitoring components of a vehicle,
`comprising:
`mounting sensors on the vehicle, each sensor providing a
`measurement related to a state of the sensor or a measurement
`related to a state of a mounting location of the sensor;
`processing data from the sensors using a processor to generate
`output indicative or representative of failure or expected failure
`of any of the components; and
`directing the output indicative or representative of the failure or
`expected failure of any of the components to a remote location
`using a transmission device.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`E.
`The Asserted Prior Art
`Honda relies upon the prior art references below. Pet. 5–7.
`Ishihara
`Japanese Published
`Dec. 17, 1993
`Application H01-197145
`English Translation of
`Ishihara
`Schricker Patent 5,561,610
`
`
`
`Oct. 1, 1996
`(filed June 30,
`1994)
`
`
`Fry1
`
`Asano
`
`Diesel Locomotive
`Reliability Improvement by
`System Monitoring, 209
`PROC. INST. OF
`MECHANICAL ENGINEERS,
`PART F: J. OF RAIL &
`RAPID TRANSIT 1 (1995).
`Patent 5,157,610
`
`Oct. 20, 1992
`
`Scholl
`
`Patent 5,400,018
`
`Mar. 21, 1995
`
`Corwin
`
`Patent 4,675,675
`
`June 23, 1987
`
`Windle
`
`Patent 4,926,331
`
`May 15, 1990
`
`Exhibit
`1003
`Exhibit
`1004
`Exhibit
`1005
`
`Exhibit
`1006
`
`Exhibit
`1007
`Exhibit
`1008
`Exhibit
`1009
`Exhibit
`1010
`
`
`1 The copy of Fry, as submitted by Honda, includes an added cover sheet
`from the publisher, noting that the version of record is dated January 1,
`1995. Ex. 1006, 1.
`
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`F.
`The Asserted Grounds of Unpatentability
`Honda challenges claims of the ’210 patent on the following grounds.
`Pet. 5–7.
`Reference[s]
`Ishihara
`
`Claims challenged
`1–3, 5, 7–9, 13, 15, 16, and 19
`
`Basis
`§ 102(b)
`
`1, 2, 5, 7–9, 15, 16, and 18
`
`8, 16, and 18
`
`1, 2, 5, 8, 15, and 16
`
`1–3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, and 19
`
`1–3, 5, 13, 15, and 19
`
`§ 102(e)
`
`§ 103(a)
`
`§ 102(a)
`
`§ 102(b)
`
`§§ 102(a) and
`102(e)
`§ 102(b)
`§ 103(a)
`
`Schricker
`
`Ishihara and
`Schricker
`Fry
`
`Asano
`
`Scholl
`
`Corwin
`Scholl and Windle
`
`1–3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 18, and 19
`7, 9, and 18
`
`In support of the grounds above, Honda also presents a Declaration by
`Mr. Christopher Wilson (Ex. 1011).
`
` ANALYSIS
`
`II.
`Claim Construction
`A.
`Consistent with the statute and legislative history of the Leahy-Smith
`America Invents Act, Pub. L. No. 112-29, 125 Stat. 284 (2011) (“AIA”), in
`an inter partes review, claim terms in an unexpired patent are interpreted
`according to their broadest reasonable construction in light of the
`specification of the patent in which they appear. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b);
`Office Patent Trial Practice Guide, 77 Fed. Reg. 48,756, 48,766 (Aug. 14,
`2012). The terms also are given their ordinary and customary meaning, as
`would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in the context of the
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`disclosure. In re Translogic Tech., Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257 (Fed. Cir.
`2007). For an inventor to act as his or her own lexicographer, the definition
`must be set forth in the specification with reasonable clarity, deliberateness,
`and precision. Renishaw PLC v. Marposs Societa’ per Azioni, 158 F.3d
`1243, 1249 (Fed. Cir. 1998).
`An extraneous limitation should not be read into the claims from the
`specification. E.g., E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. v. Phillips Petroleum
`Co., 849 F.2d 1430, 1433 (Fed. Cir. 1988). An extraneous limitation is is
`unnecessary for the purpose of making sense of the claim. See, e.g., In re
`Paulsen, 30 F.3d 1475, 1480 (Fed. Cir. 1994); Renishaw PLC, 158 F.3d at
`1249. The construction that stays true to the claim language and most
`naturally aligns with the inventor’s description is likely the correct
`interpretation. See Renishaw PLC, 158 F.3d at 1250.
`“Comprising” is a term of art used in claim language, which means
`that the named elements are essential, but other elements also may be
`included to constitute additional components within the scope of the claim.
`Genentech, Inc. v. Chiron Corp., 112 F.3d 495, 501 (Fed. Cir. 1997).
`Honda provides a construction for two terms. Pet. 7–8. AVS did not
`provide a construction for any term. See generally Prelim. Resp.
`
`“component”
`1.
`Independent claims 1 and 15 both recite the term “components.”
`According to Honda, “component” means “a part or an assembly of parts,
`less than the whole.” Pet. 7. The specification of the ’210 patent states:
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`The term “component” as used herein generally refers to
`
`any part or assembly of parts which is mounted to or a part of a
`motor vehicle and which is capable of emitting a signal
`representative of its operating state.
`Ex. 1001, 10:6–9.
`Honda does not contend that the named inventor of the ’210 patent
`acted as his own lexicographer and coined a new meaning for the term
`“component” different from the ordinary and customary meaning, as would
`be understood by one with ordinary skill in the art. Pet. 7. Also, the above-
`quoted text is not in the form of a definition, but rather is in a portion of the
`description of preferred embodiments. Based on the term itself,
`“component” does not have to relate to a motor vehicle; nor does it have to
`be capable of emitting a signal representative of its operating state. We do
`not regard the above-quoted text as setting forth the inventor’s special
`definition for the term “component.”
`In addition to describing a component as a part or assembly or parts
`(Ex. 1001, 10:6–7), the ’210 patent specification provides exemplary
`components that are less than the whole vehicle (id. at 10:9–19). We,
`therefore, construe “component” as “a part or an assembly of parts, less than
`the whole.”
`
`“display”
`2.
`Each of claims 7 and 18 recites the term “display.” According to
`Honda, “display” means “a screen for showing information.” Pet. 8. The
`’210 patent specification distinguishes a display from a warning lamp, by
`stating, for example, “it can activate or direct the activation of a responsive
`system to alert the driver by displaying a warning light, sound an audible
`alarm, or activate another type of alarm . . . [a] display can also be provided
`
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`to display . . . an indication or representation of the determination by the
`processor.” Ex. 1001, 87:46–51. In the context of the ’210 patent, a
`warning lamp or light does not constitute a “display,” and a “display” covers
`a screen for showing information.
`
`“diagnostic system arranged on the vehicle”
`3.
`Claim 1 recites “diagnostic system arranged on the vehicle.”
`According to Honda, the phrase should be construed in accordance with its
`plain and ordinary meaning. Pet. 8. Based on the recitation of “diagnostic
`system arranged on the vehicle,” components of the diagnostic system are
`located physically on the vehicle. We, however, do not exclude the
`possibility that the diagnostic system may acquire instructions, data, or
`commands from a remote source. The components that actually perform the
`substantive diagnostic processing must be located physically on the vehicle.
`Also, requiring a diagnostic system to be arranged on the vehicle does
`not exclude an additional diagnostic system that is located remotely from the
`vehicle. We note that independent claim 1 uses the term “comprising,”
`which is a term of art meaning that the named elements are essential, but
`other elements also may be included to constitute additional components
`within the scope of the claim. See Genentech, Inc., 112 F.3d at 501.
`
`“cellular telephone system”
`4.
`Claims 8 and 16 recite “cellular telephone system.” Neither party
`provides a construction for “cellular telephone system,” but Honda asserts
`that Ishihara and Schricker disclose or teach a “cellular telephone system”
`(Pet. 18–19, 30, 36–37).
`The ’210 patent specification provides exemplary communication
`devices including cellular phone, dedicated short range communication
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`(DSRC) devices, OnStar®, and devices that communicate with low earth
`orbit (LEO) satellite or geostationary satellites. Ex. 1001, 114:29–48.
`Furthermore, according to the ’210 patent specification, a wireless download
`may be via “a cellular network or by satellite.” Id. at 24:17. Cell towers are
`distinct from satellites.
`We construe “cellular telephone system,” in light of the ’210 patent
`specification, as a system that communicates by use of a terrestrial network
`of radio cell towers.
`
`Asserted Anticipation by Ishihara
`B.
`Honda contends that claims 1–3, 5, 7–9, 13, 15, 16, and 19 of the ’210
`patent are unpatentable as anticipated by Ishihara. Pet. 9–24. AVS contends
`that this ground is identical to a ground raised by Toyota in the IPR2013-
`00415 proceeding and denied as redundant. Prelim. Resp. 1. Beyond this
`request, AVS waives its right to present a substantive preliminary response
`with respect to Ishihara. Id. at 2.
`Honda’s challenge based on anticipation by Ishihara includes four
`claims, claims 3, 8, 16, and 19 (Pet. 9–14), which were not challenged by
`Toyota. See IPR2013-00415. Additionally, Honda is a different party. We,
`therefore, consider Honda’s assertions of unpatentability of each of the
`challenged claims.
`In light of the arguments and evidence submitted by both parties,
`Honda has established a reasonable likelihood that each of claims 1–3, 5, 7,
`9, 13, 15, and 19 is unpatentable as anticipated by Ishihara. Honda,
`however, has not established a reasonable likelihood that claims 8 and 16 are
`unpatentable as anticipated by Ishihara.
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`Ishihara
`1.
`Ishihara discloses a failure diagnosis apparatus for a vehicle. Ex.
`1004, 1:1. The diagnosis apparatus receives instructions from a failure
`diagnosis station outside of the vehicle and includes a display that shows
`only those with failures having a high significance. Id.
`Figure 1 of Ishihara is shown below:
`
`
`Figure 1 shows on-board failure diagnosis apparatus 2 and failure
`diagnosis station 3 that is outside of vehicle. On-board apparatus 2 includes
`control unit 4 that controls various devices or systems on-board and detects
`failures of those systems. Ex. 1004, 2:2. Display apparatus 5 is connected
`to control unit 4. Id. Communication control unit 6 controls communication
`between control unit 4 and failure diagnosis station 3. Id.
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`Figure 2 of Ishihara is reproduced below:
`
`
`Figure 2 is a block diagram showing, among other things, sensors 11,
`12, 13, and 14. The sensors detect vehicle speed and other engine
`conditions. Ex. 1004, 2:2. The output of sensors 11, 12, 13, and 14 is input
`to computer 16 in control unit 4 via input processing circuit 15. Id.
`Computer 16 includes control section 16a and failure detection section 16b.
`Ex. 1004, 3:1. Control section 16a outputs control signals controlling
`operation of the automatic transmission. Id. The failure detection section
`16b determines whether or not an abnormality exists, in light of data or a
`program saved in memory 17 of computer 16. Id.
`
`Claims 1 and 15
`2.
`Honda notes that Ishihara relates to providing a failure diagnosis
`apparatus for a vehicle. Pet. 11 (citing Ex. 1004, 1:1). Honda points
`Ishihara’s description of detecting failures by failure detection section 16b,
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`as meeting claim 1’s recitation of “a diagnostic system arranged on the
`vehicle to determine whether any of said components is operating non-
`optimally, is expected to fail or has failed,” as well as claim 15’s recitation
`of “processing data from the sensors using a processor.” Pet. 11–12, 17
`(citing Ex. 2:1–2, 3:1, 4:1). As noted by Honda (id.), Ishihara describes
`failure detection section 16b, which determines whether an abnormality
`exists in input signals 11a to 14 a received from sensors 11 to 14 (Ex. 1004,
`3:1). Failure detection 16b makes its determination in light of data or a
`program saved in memory 17 of computer 16. Ex. 1004, 3:1. Additionally,
`Ishihara explains that computer 16, having failure detection section 16b (Ex.
`1004, 3:1), is in control unit 4, which is included in on-board apparatus 2
`(Ex. 1004, 2:2).
`Regarding claim 1’s and claim 15’s recitation of generating an output
`indicative or representative of expected failure or failure of any of the
`components, Honda points to outputs resulting from failures detected by
`failure detection system 16. Pet. 12, 17 (citing Ex. 1004, 3:1, 4:1). As noted
`by Honda (id.), Ishihara describes turning on a warning lamp (Ex. 1004, 3:1)
`and appending an identification code for failure content in front of the
`failure data, which are then transmitted to failure diagnosis station 3 (Ex.
`1004, 4:1).
`Claims 1 and 15 also recite directing the output indicative or
`representative of the failure or expected failure to a remote location. Honda
`cites to Ishihara’s description of communicating data, upon detection of a
`failure of an on-board component, to a failure diagnosis station, outside of
`the vehicle. Pet. 13–14, 17–18 (citing Ex. 1004, 2:1–2, 3:1–2, 4:1, Fig. 1).
`As noted by Honda (id.), Ishihara describes that an objective of the system is
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`“at an occurrence” of failure by the failure detection unit on-board the
`vehicle, the system transmits “all data related to a failure” to the failure
`diagnosis station outside of the vehicle. Ex. 1004, 2:1.
`Claim 15 further recites mounting sensors on the vehicle. As noted by
`Honda, Ishihara describes sensors on the vehicle. Pet. 16–17 (citing Ex.
`1004, 2:2, 3:1).
`For the foregoing reasons, in light of the arguments and evidence
`submitted by both parties, Honda has established a reasonable likelihood that
`each of claims 1 and 15 is anticipated by Ishihara.
`
`Claims 2, 5, and 13
`3.
`Claim 2 further recites that the communications device is arranged to
`direct automatically the transmission of the output to the remote station
`without manual intervention. As noted by Honda, Ishihara describes
`“automatically” transmitting all data to the failure diagnosis station outside
`of the vehicle. Pet. 14 (citing Ex. 1004, 2:1).
`Claim 5 further recites a plurality of vehicle sensors mounted on the
`vehicle. Honda points to the same disclosure identified for claim 15.
`Claim 13 further recites generating a fault code relating to the non-
`optimal operation of any component and transmitting that fault code to the
`remote location. As noted by Honda (Pet. 14 (citing Ex. 1004, 2:2, 3:1,
`4:1)), Ishihara describes appending an identification code for failure content
`in front of failure data and, in the next step, the above failure data are
`transmitted to failure diagnosis station 3 (Ex. 1004, 4:1).
`For the foregoing reasons, in light of the arguments and evidence
`submitted by both parties, Honda has established a reasonable likelihood that
`each of claims 2, 5, and 13 is anticipated by Ishihara.
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`Claims 3 and 19
`4.
`Each of claims 3 and 19 further recites transmitting to a dealer or a
`repair facility, which is situated at the remote location. As noted by Honda,
`Ishihara describes transmitting to a failure diagnosis station 3, “such as a
`service shop.” Pet. 18 (citing Ex. 1004, 4:1).
`For the foregoing reasons, in light of the arguments and evidence
`submitted by both parties, Honda has established a reasonable likelihood that
`each of claims 3 and 19 is anticipated by Ishihara.
`
`Claims 7 and 9
`5.
`Claim 7 further recites “a display arranged in the vehicle in a position
`to be visible from the passenger compartment, said display being couple to
`said diagnostic system and arranged to display an indication of the
`determination of the non-optimal operation, failure, or expected failure of
`any of said components” (emphases added). The “indication” is separate
`from the on-board determination and need not be produced on-board.
`For claim 7, Honda points to displaying selectively diagnosis data
`from failure diagnosis station 3. Pet. 19–20 (citing Ex. 1004, 2:2, 3:1–2,
`4:1–5:1)). Ishihara describes that display selection circuit 24 controls
`display apparatus 5 to display selectively diagnosis data from failure
`diagnosis station 3. Ex. 1004, 3:1. Display apparatus includes display
`device 33, comprising a CRT. Id. at 3:2. Upon receipt of failure data in
`failure diagnosis station 3, failure inference circuit 41 performs failure
`diagnosis using as input failure data received from the vehicle. Id. at 4:1.
`Whether a failure is displayed on display apparatus 5 of on-board apparatus
`2 is based on the significance of the failure. Id. Only failures with high
`significance will be displayed on-board the vehicle. Id. at 4:2.
`
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`Claim 9 further recites, “a warning device couple to said diagnostic
`system for relaying a warning to an occupant of the vehicle relating to the
`non-optimal operation, failure, or expected failure of any of said
`components.” Honda points to the same disclosure discussed with respect to
`claim 7. Ishihara describes that warning lamp 22 is turned on at the time of
`the occurrence of a failure, as detected by failure detection section 16b. Ex.
`1004, 3:1.
`For the foregoing reasons, in light of the arguments and evidence
`submitted by both parties, Honda has established a reasonable likelihood that
`each of claims 7 and 9 is anticipated by Ishihara.
`
`Claims 8 and 16
`6.
`Each of claims 8 and 16 further recites that the communications
`device is a cellular telephone system. As noted by Honda, Ishihara describes
`a transmitting unit that communicates failure information using “a telephone
`line of an automobile provided in the automobile.” Pet.18 (citing Ex. 1004,
`1:2). Honda has not shown sufficiently that the telephone line is a system
`that communicates by use of a terrestrial network of radio cell towers. The
`declaration of Mr. Wilson (Ex. 1011, 19, 24) does not provide further
`disclosure that addresses this deficiency.
`For the foregoing reasons, Honda has not established a reasonable
`likelihood that each of claims 8 and 16 is anticipated by Ishihara.
`
`Asserted Anticipation by Schricker
`C.
`Honda contends that claims 1, 2, 5, 7–9, 15, 16, and 18 of the ’210
`patent are unpatentable as anticipated by Schricker. Pet. 24–36. AVS
`waives its right to present a substantive preliminary response with respect to
`Schricker. Prelim. Resp. 2. In light of the arguments and evidence
`
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`submitted by both parties, Honda has not established a reasonable likelihood
`that any of claims 1, 2, 5, 7–9, 15, 16, and 18 is unpatentable as anticipated
`by Schricker.
`
`Schricker
`1.
`Schricker describes diagnosing and indicating fault conditions. Ex.
`1005, 1:6–10. Figure 1 of Schricker is shown below:
`
`
`
`Figure 1 illustrates machine prognostic system 10, which monitors
`and derives machine component information and analyzes the resulting data
`to indicate impending component or system failures. Ex. 1005, 2:40–47. In
`accordance with one embodiment, communication system 14 may transfer
`data from work machine 12 to central computer system 16 for analysis. Id.
`at 2:49–56. Data may be transferred by a Qualcomm satellite system or a
`cellular telephone system. Id. at 2:52–54. Alternatively, according to
`Schricker, all aspects of the system could be located on-board work machine
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`12 thereby eliminating the need for communication system 14. Id. at 2:58–
`62.
`
`Subsets of data are transmitted to a display module in an operator
`compartment of work machine 12 for presentation to the operator in the
`form of gauges and warning messages. Ex. 1005, 2:63–66. During out-of-
`specification conditions, alarms, warning messages, and instructional
`messages are also displayed. Id. at 3:1–2.
`
`Claims 1 and 15
`2.
`Honda points to Schricker’s description of machine prognostic system
`10 as meeting claim 1’s recitation of a diagnostic system arranged on the
`vehicle, as well as claim 15’s recitation of processing data from sensors on
`the vehicle. Pet. 26–27, 30 (citing Ex. 1005, 1:6–10, 1:54–2:4, 2:40–62,
`3:9–26, 7:38–44, 8:29–32, Fig. 1). As noted by Honda (id.), Schricker
`describes machine prognostic system 10 acquiring and analyzing data for
`work machine 12 (Ex. 1005, 2:40–42) and determining whether a fault
`condition is present (id. at 7:38–43).
`Claims 1 and 15, however, also recite directing the output indicative
`or representative of the failure or expected failure to a remote location. On
`pages 25–26 of the Petition, Honda states the following: “Even in
`embodiments where ‘all aspects of the present invention could be located
`on-board the work machine 12,’ (id. 2:57-58), data may be transmitted to a
`remote location for purposes such as monitoring a fleet of vehicles. (Id.
`2:61-62.).” Honda, however, does not explain sufficiently how the cited
`portion of Schricker discloses directing the output indicative or
`representative of the failure or expected failure to a remote location.
`Specifically, Schricker states:
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`It should be understood that all aspects of the present
`
`invention could be located on-board the work machine 12
`thereby eliminating the need for a communication system 14;
`however, the central computer system 16 allows an entire fleet
`to be monitored at a central station.
`Ex. 1005, 2:58–62. The above-quoted text indicates that communication
`system 14 is eliminated in an embodiment in which all aspects of the
`invention are located on-board work machine 12.
`In a claim chart, Honda further cites to the following:
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates a variety of potential communication systems
`14 that may be used to transfer data from the work machine 12
`to a central computer system 16 for analysis. In the preferred
`embodiment, the data is transferred by the Qualcomm satellite
`system back to the central computer system 16. Alternatively,
`the data is transferred by a cellular telephone system.
`Pet. 28 (citing Ex. 1005, 2:48–57). Schricker, however, states “the data is
`transferred” without specifying that the transfer encompasses more than data
`acquired from the sensors. Ex. 1005, 2:54. Honda cites to additional
`discussion in Schricker regarding communication systems without
`explaining sufficiently how these statements describe directing the output
`indicative or representative of the failure or expected failure to a remote
`location, as recited in claims 1 and 15. Pet. 28 (citing Ex. 1005, 9:22–24,
`Figs. 1, 2).
`Honda additionally cites to the sentence below:
`
`The existence of fault conditions are indicated by any of a
`plurality of available warning means, such as lights or horns, at
`either or both of the work machine 12 and central computer
`system 16.
`Pet. 28 (citing Ex. 1005, 8:29–32).
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`Honda has not shown sufficiently that the display at central computer
`
`system 16 necessarily results from work machine 12 communicating a
`determination of a fault condition to central computer system 16. Work
`machine 12 may transfer merely acquired sensor data and central computer
`system 16 performs the analysis.
`The declaration of Mr. Wilson (Ex. 1011 ¶ 39) does not provide
`further disclosure that shows sufficiently that Schricker discloses directing
`the output indicative or representative of the failure or expected failure to a
`remote location. Honda, therefore, has not established a reasonable
`likelihood that independent claims 1 and 15 are anticipated by Schricker.
`Because each of claims 2, 5, and 7–9 depends directly from claim 1, and
`each of claims 16 and 18 depends directly from claim 15, Honda has not
`established a reasonable likelihood that any of claims 2, 5, 7–9, 16, and 18 is
`anticipated by Schricker.
`
`Asserted Obviousness over Ishihara and Schricker
`D.
`Honda contends that claims 8, 16, and 18 are unpatentable as obvious
`over Ishihara and Schricker, taken together. Pet. 36–40. AVS waives its
`right to present a substantive preliminary response with respect to Ishihara.
`Prelim. Resp. 2.
`As discussed above, Honda has established a reasonable likelihood
`that each of independent claims 1 and 15 is anticipated by Ishihara. Claim 8
`depends directly from claim 1, and each of claims 16 and 18 depends
`directly from claim 15. The deficiency of Schricker discussed above, in the
`context of asserted anticipation of independent claims 1 and 15 by Schricker,
`has no application in the context of the features added by claims 8, 16, and
`18. On the present record, Honda has articulated cogent reasoning with
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`rational underpinning to combine the teachings of Ishihara and Schricker to
`arrive at the subject matter of these claims. Pet. 36–39 (citing Ex. 1004,
`1:1–2:1, 3:1, 4:1; Ex. 1005, 1:5–10, 1:34–38, 2:51–55, 8:29–32; Ex. 1011
`¶¶ 43–44, 48).
`For the foregoing reasons, in light of the arguments and evidence
`submitted by both parties, Honda has established a reasonable likelihood that
`each of claims 8, 16, and 18 is unpatentable as obvious over Ishihara and
`Schricker, taken together.
`
`Claims 8 and 16
`1.
`Claim 8 further recites, “wherein said communications device
`comprises a cellular telephone system.” As noted by Honda (Pet. 30 (citing
`Ex. 1005, 2:54–55)), Schricker teaches transferring data by a cellular
`telephone system. We have considered paragraphs 43 and 44 of the
`declaration of Mr. Wilson (Ex. 1011), and find persuasive, on this record,
`that one with ordinary skill in the art