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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`Main entry under title:
`
`l\’Ierriam—\lVebster’s collegiate dictionary. ~—-v 10th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0—87779-708-0 (unindexed : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-709-9
`(indexed : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-710-2 (deluxe indexed : alk. paper).
`-7 ISBN 0«87779‘—707-2 (laminatecl cover, unindexed).
`1. English language——Dictionaries.
`I. Merriam-Webster, Inc.
`PEl628.M36
`1998
`423—dC21
`
`97-41846
`CIP
`
`Merria.m~Webste1"s Collegia.te® Dictionary, Tenth Edition principal copyright 1993
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-“7ebster, Incorporated
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—g'raphic, electronic, or me-
`chanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval
`syste.ms—without written permission of the publisher.
`‘
`
`Made in the United States of America.
`
`330313233RT:WC01
`
`2
`
`

`
`I Proface
`
`Explanatory Chart
`
`Explanatory Notes t
`Tho Englisn Language in the Dictionaty
`
`Guide to Pronunciation
`
`Abbreviations in This Work
`
`Pronunciation Symbols
`A Dictionary of the English Language
`Abbreviations andMSymbo1‘s for 'Ch'emica1 Elo'Inen'ts
`
`Foreig11’Words and Phrases
`
`Biographical Names
`
`Geographica1NamoS ‘7
`
`’
`
`'._ Signs and Symbols
`
`A Handbook of Styie
`
`Index
`
`3
`
`

`
`918
`
`prerrame e presancfified
`
`provision of protection 2 a I resistance to a. disease due to thc exis-
`tence of its causative agent in astate of physiological equibbnum in the
`host
`I:
`: imrnunity to a particular infection due to previous presence
`of the causative agent
`premasne \'pr§-.n5.m\ :1 (1894) 2 FORENAME
`preonanfal \_(;)pr'e-‘mi-t"l\ ad)" (1826)
`1 : occurring; eirisfing, or per.-
`formed before birth (~ care‘) {the ma period) 2 2 providing or receiv-
`ing prenatal inedicai care (2. ~ clinic) <~ patients) ~— pre-na-ta]-ly
`\-til-é\ adv _
`’
`'
`-
`»
`lpre-nom-ii-uate \(.)prE-‘uéi.-ma-nat\ duff [LLpmermmirzaz‘us, pp. ofprae—
`nominare to name before, fr. Lpr/I€-
`-+ noniimzre to name — more at
`NOMTNAIE] (1513) obr : previously rnen‘.1'oned
`-
`1
`'
`‘pro.-ncm-i-nate \-,n§.t\ vi (1547) obs : to mention previously " Dre-
`nom-imaetion \(.)p1‘é-.né'L-me-‘n5-shan\ n, obs
`..
`_
`pre-no-tion \(.)pré-'n6-
`on, 'pré-,\ n [L praerzoriam, praenotio precon-
`ception, fr. prae» + nqtio idea, conception ~ more at Nona-N] (1588)
`1 : PRESEI\'TII\flENT,PREMON1IION 2 : PRECONCEPTIUN
`.
`11;,-¢n.:ice \'Dreri—t9s\ n U\’IEp1'z:Izt£\', short for apprenzisj (140) : APPREN-
`TICE 1, LEARNER —— rentice any
`_
`V
`.
`;
`.
`’prenticevr pren-ti
`; pren-ficving (1598) :APPRENTICE -
`.
`_
`pm-nup-fifll \(Jpré- nap-shol, -chsl, e-che—wc1\‘ad/' (1869) : made or oc-
`curring before roan iage (a ~—r agreement)
`-
`.
`pre.m:.cn.pan-cy \(,)pré-'éi—kya-panot)--sé\ }_‘1 (ca. 1755)
`1'5 an act or the
`right of taking possession before another 2 : the condition of being
`completely busicd or preoccupied
`V
`.
`_-
`,_
`cupylng : the state of being preoccupied
`a : extreme or excessive
`pre-omen-pa-tion \(.)pre-,ii-kys~'pi-shon\ 71 $1603)
`1 : an- act ‘of proac-
`concern with something 1: : something that preoccuples one
`pre-oc-cu-pied \(.)pré—'i»kyo-,pid\ aali (1342)
`1 : previously apblied to
`auomer group and unavailable for use in a new sense — used of a bio-
`logical generic or specific name 2 a : lost in thought; also : absorbed
`in some preoccupation X)
`: already nccupied
`,
`prc-ococu-py \-,pI\ V! [Lpraeoccupare, lit., to seize in advance, fr. prac-
`+ occztpare to seize, occupy] (1567)
`1 : to engage or engi oss the inter-
`est or attention of beforehand or preferentially 2 : to take possession
`of or ffllibcforehzrod orbcfore another,
`.
`_,
`-
`~~
`_
`.
`-
`pre-op-er-a-five \(.)pré- —p(a-)ro-tiv, -pe-.r5—\ 22:1] (1904) : occurrirlg be-
`fore a surgical operation ~ pre-op-er-a-five-Iy adv.
`.
`_
`,
`pre-or-dain \.pré~or-'da'1n\ VI.‘ (1533) : to decree or ordain in advance
`: FOREORDAIN — pre-or-dain-ment \-mont\ n — pre-or-xii-na-tion
`\(,)prE-,ér-d"’n-'5-shon\n
`.
`premvu-In-toory \(.)pr§—'i-iv-ya-la-.tErr-E, -.tér-, -'av-\ :14] (1935) : occur-
`ring or existing in or typical of the period l;mm_ediat'e1y preceding ovu-
`lation <«-,-r oncytes) <a ~ surge of luteinizing hormone)
`.
`pre-owr1ed\(,)pre~'6nd ‘pro ,\ ad] (1964) : SECONDHAND
`,
`‘prep.\'prep\ n (1862) mrtnrananow 2: PREPARATORY scr-roar. 3
`: aprclirniuaiy trial for a racrzhorsc
`,
`_
`p
`_
`‘
`;
`‘prep Vb prepped; prep-ping vi (1915)
`1 r to attend preparatory school
`2 [short for prepare] : to get ready ~ V1 : PREPARE; esp : to preparcfor
`operation or examination
`.
`.
`pre-packcage \(,)pré-‘pa-kij\ vi (1945) : to package (as food or a manu-
`factured article) before offering for sale to the -consumer
`.
`prep-a-ra-fion \.pre-pa-‘ré-sham‘. n [ME_preparac1'an, Fr.
`IVFE 1;5r2ptzra—
`tiozz, fr. Lpraepamtiar:-, pmwpmafio, fr._praeparare to prepme] (Mo)
`1
`; the action or process of making something ready for use or service or
`of getting ready for some occasion. test, or duty 2 : a "slate of being
`prepared : READINESS
`3 : a preparatory act or measure /I : some-
`thing that is prepared; speczj” : a medicinal substance made ready for
`use (a «I for colds)
`.
`_
`~
`-
`:
`-
`‘pre-par-a-tive \pri-‘par-9-tiv\ I1 (140) {something that prepares the
`way for or serves as a. p1‘e1imina1'y to something else : PREPARATION
`’preparafive adj (ca. 1530) : psnmaaronr ~ « pure-par-a-tive-ly adv
`pre-par-a-tor \pri-‘par-a-tar\ 7: (1762) : one that prepares; speczf : a per-
`son who prepares scientific specimens or museum displays
`.
`_
`pre-pa-ra-to-ry \pri-‘par-—a-,tE>r-é, -.tor- also 'prn»p(e-)re-\ adj (156)
`2 preparing or serving to prepare for something : INTRODUCIDR —
`pre-pa-ra-to-ri»ly
`ri-.par-‘a-‘tar-9-lé, -'t<';r- also ,pre—p('>—)r9-\ adv
`preparatory schoo n (1822)
`1 : a usu. private school preparing stu-
`dents pfimatfly for college 2Brit : aprivate elementary school prepar-
`ing students primalily for British public schools
`preparatory toprcp (1649) : in preparation for
`_
`.
`_
`. A_
`_
`prc-pare \pri-'1Jar, -‘pE1'\ vb prenp
`; pre-par-ing [ME, fr. ME? pre-
`parer, fr. L praepamre, fr. 1;rae- pre- + parare to procure, prepare —--
`more at FARE] vt (155) 1 a : to make ready beforehand for some pur-
`pose, use‘, or activity (rxifood f0T_dlD_1'le]')~ b : to put in a proper state
`of n1iud(isprep:rred to listen) 2 : to work out the details of : plan in
`advance (prepcmfng strategy for the coming campaign) 3 a : to put to-
`gether : comromgn (~ a prescription)
`in : to put into written form
`7?.
`'
`-
`(«V a repoi-Vt) ».-- vg : to get ready <prepan.’ngfor a career) — [arc-par-er
`prepared Ltd!’ (1663) : subjected to a special piocess or treatment '—-
`pre-pared-ly \—"patd-lé. -’perd~; -'par—ud~, -‘per-\ adv
`_
`..
`pre-pare-(I-ness, \p ‘par-ad-nos, —'per- also -‘ ardmos or -‘paid-zias\ 11
`(13590) : the quality-or state of being prepare ‘ esp : a state of adequate
`preparafiop in case of war
`V
`.
`Dye-Day \(.)iaré-'pi\ vt -mud \-'p2%d\: -paving (1839) :10 pay or pay the
`fcharge on
`advance —— pre-payqnent \—‘pa‘n-ment\ 22
`, ,
`pre-pense
`‘- pen(t)s\ «:zc(\'j [by shortening & alter. fr. earlierpwpensed,
`fr. ME, p
`V fpwjiensen to deliberate, premeditate, fr. M'Fpurpenscr,
`fr. OF, fr, pur- for + pensm‘ to’ think — more at runcn.-isn, PENSIVE]
`,(I702j3'_: planned beforehand : 1=R.EMEDrr,A.T12i) — usu. used p0Sfp0s1'—
`tively (malice ~) -— pro-pense-ly adv
`_
`_
`pro-plant \.pré-‘plant, 'pr:‘:-.\ £1131’ pre-plant-Eng \—'p]an-tin\ adj (1961)
`: occurring or used before planting a crop <52 s0i1fcrtiIizat1'on>
`pge-pon-der-ance \pr;i-‘pin-d(e~)ran(t)s\ n 0681)" 1 1 a superiority in
`'weight,.pov.jer, importance, or strength 2 a : a superiority: or excess in
`number or quantity In : MA_lO17.I’1Y
`'
`_
`;
`pre-pim-dc-_,r-‘an-cy \-d(9—)r:;n(t')-sé\ rz (.1646) : PREPONDBRANCB
`pre-pon-der-ant \pri-‘pan-d(a-_)rax'1t\ ad!‘ (150)
`I : having supcyjor
`weight, force, or influence
`2 :.having greaterprevalence. syn see
`Do1u:n~:.».Nr — pre-poli-der-antoly adv.
`.
`.
`,
`‘pre-pun-debate \prl-‘pin-do-,r§t\ vb -at-ed; -at-ing H_.prae:paI1/Ieralus,
`pp. of pmsgpondemre, fr. prar: + pander-, panda: weight -- more at
`PENDANT] vi (1623)
`I : to exceed in weight 2 : to exceed in influence,
`
`,
`
`power, or irripnrtance 3 :to exceed in numbers ~ vi 1 archag
`WEIG1-I
`2 archaic : to weigh down
`- pre-pun-der-a.fi;m \_
`‘r5-shcn.
`ré~\ 71
`_
`_
`t
`‘*
`.
`’pre~pon- er-ate \-‘pan-do-r21\ ad} (180?) : PREPONDERANP
`pun-der-ale-Iy adv
`_ “
`:
`.
`prep.a.5i«1:i0n \,pre-pa-'zi-shen\ n _lM.Eprcz7a.s1cz'oun, fr. Lpmqm.
`praeposiiia, fr, 1)l‘flEp0J!:?}_‘:? to put in front, fr. prae- pre- + pgnerex:
`— more at i=osIrmN} (1413) : a function word that typicaflv C
`"
`with a noun phrase to form apbrgse which usu, expresses a mu:
`'
`‘on-al-lyadv
`-
`.
`‘W
`tion or predication - prcpvo-s1-tron-al \-‘ash-nol, -'zi~shc~na1\‘ ‘f
`=9 \p11'-‘pii-2a»‘tiV, -'p£iz-tiv\ adj [LL praep¢'7St't§vu.r, fie L
`pasirus, pp. ofprczepon e] (1583) : put before : PREFTXED ._ “'2,
`.
`.
`9“
`tive-KY adv
`pi'e-pos-sess -\,pré—po-‘mes also ~'ses\1ri(1614)
`1 obs : to iakg ré
`possession of 2 to cause to be preoccupied 3 -. to influence I);-fl
`hand esp. favorably
`‘
`-
`I"
`,
`pre-pos-sess-i.ng aaff (1642)
`1 archaic : creating prejudice 1, ‘E d
`to Creair, a favorable impression : ATTRACTIVE
`_
`“
`pre-pos-ses-sion \,pre—pa-'z'e-sha_r1 aiso -_'sc-\ :1 (1648)
`1 archaic ,
`possession 2 ,- an attitude, belief, or impression formed bcforehm
`: FREJUDICE , 3 : an exclusive concern with one idea or object pm
`corwrron. .3311! see PREDILECHON _
`_
`_
`,
`pre-pus-ter-mls \pn- piis—t(e-)r9s‘\ ca} [I..;Imepca.rt:_zrui-, ljt,
`'
`.
`order, fr. _prac- + posrcms lLi.udz‘:r, following ———. more
`(1542) : contrary to nature, reason, or common sen
`pus-ten--ous-Iy adv — pre-pas-ter-ons-ncss 22
`.sm.e
`prevpmtcnacy \(.)prE- pf)-t°n(()-sE\ n (1646)
`1 . the quality
`being prepment : PREDOMINANCE 2 : unusual ability of an im-11:,
`or strain to transmit its characters to oiI”spri.ng'becaus.c of homozy
`ity for numerous dominant genes
`.
`_
`.
`pre-po-tent \-t°nt\ adi [ME, fr. Lpraepotem-, praepaterzr, fr,
`tens powerful —-— more at POTENTI (150) 1 a : having exceptional pg
`er, authority, or influence b : exceeding others in power 2 : e
`‘
`ing genetic prepotency —- pre-po-tent-ly adv
`-
`~
`_
`‘prep-py or prepvple \'pre-pé\ wz, pl prep-pies [‘pre;p] (1967)
`dent at or 21 graduate of apreparatory school 2 : a person deem
`dress or behave like a preppy
`_,
`.
`‘preppy or preppic adv" (1967) I : relating to, characteristic of,
`a preppy 2 : relaliug to or being a. style of dress characterized as
`classic cloth, g and neat appearance — prcpvpl-Iy\'pre-pa—1E\'
`prep-pi-ness \'pre-pé-nss\ n
`_
`pre-pranodi-a.l \f;lpré~‘pran~dE—ol\ my (1822) : of, relating to, at sum,
`for the time just before dinner (a ~ drink>
`,
`'
`pre-preg _\,pre-‘pi-eg, ' ré-,\ ;1 [me + impregnated] (1954) v. a rein;
`or molding material as paper. or glass cloth) already irnpregnated '
`a synthetic resin
`_
`.
`-
`,
`,
`'
`pre-press \'pré-.pres\ any (1965) 1 of or relating to the process:
`copy pra aratory to printing (ma. costs) (N-' equipment)
`‘pro-pfin \'pré-.print. .pré-'print\ 11 (1889)
`an issue of a‘ teclu-.1’
`paper often in preliminary form before its publication in a joum
`: something (as an advertisement) printed before the rest of the pub
`cation in which it is to appear.
`.
`7p1—e.p1-int \(,)pré print\ v1(I926) : to print in advance forlator 1i
`pg-supra-cekss \(,)pre-‘pr’
`scs, —'pro-, —se5\ vi‘ (1942) * to do preljzni
`processing of (as data)
`1:1-e-pm-ces-sor \~.se-sar, so-sor, - or\’
`pre-pro-fies-siomal \,prE~pr9-'fesh,-nal, -'l'e—sh9-n*’l\ ad; (1926),: of or
`s on
`lziating to the period preceding specific study for orpractioe of 2: pr
`prep school n (1895) rnnmnaronr scuoos.
`.
`1n:e-puvbepal ‘.(,)pré pyfi-b(a-)ra1\ ad)‘ (ca. 1935) : PREPUBERT
`pre-pit-bet-lal \-bar-t°l\ adj (1859) : of or relating to prcpllbcrty ‘
`[Ire-pl:-ber~t'Y \-bcr-l*,é\ n (1922) : the period immediately preceding p
`berty
`'
`.
`_
`'
`pre-pa-has-cence \,prE.-py-I‘.i— be-s’n(t)s\ 1: (1916) : PREPUBJZRTY
`pre-pu-hes-cent \-s°nt\ ad€I%904)
`: 1=1U3;~Ua13nTAL — prepubesiu-.ut
`pre-puce \‘pré~,vyiis\ 7:
`[1
`, fr.
`~,
`_
`.
`‘
`_ .
`r
`‘
`5 3
`J
`.
`..
`.
`SI11{IR';aa:iI.r_o : a similar fold investing the clitoris —- pre-pu-1193 \pr
`pre-quei \'pr‘e‘-l<iI»To1\ 71 [pro r »que1 (as in sequebl (1972) : aliier-dry
`dramatic work yvhose story precedes that of an earlier yrork
`,
`Pre—Ra-pha-el-rte \(.)prEr'ra-fa:-.IiI, -' 21-, -‘rs;-\ n (1850)
`1 a : a me
`her of abrotherhood of artists formed in England in 1848 to rest
`‘
`artistic rinciples and practices regarded 3 charaulc-risl‘ic‘Of Italx
`before
`aphael
`12 : arrartist or writer influenced by this ‘protherhoa
`2 2 a ruodfirn artisf dedicated to restoring early‘Renaissancc ideal
`methods — Pro—RaphaeIite adj - Pre—Ra-pha-ebit-ism \-.1
`2om\ It
`-
`.
`pre-reg-is-tra-tion \u;!
`-Ir“-is-'str§.-sl1on\ :1 (I967) : a special regl
`fion (as for returning
`dc ts) prior to an official registration pe
`— preqeg-is-fer \(.)pre re~1e'-star\ vi
`.
`pre-req-ui-site \(.)Dré— kw-3-zat\ 11 (1633) .- somethingtbat i_s _nEc'=
`sary to an end or to the carrying out of a function prerequrslte
`pa-e-rag-a-tive \p1'i~'1'i-g-3—t.iV\ 11 [M5, fr. MF & L; ME fr L
`liva, Roman century voting first in the cornitia, privlle
`, fr. fen
`praerogativu: voting first, Ir. przzeragatus, pp, of praerogare to ask
`an opinion before another, fr.prac- + rogare -to ask — more at RZ_
`(15c)
`1 a : an exclusive or special right, power, or privile
`_a5
`: one belonging to an office or an official body (2) : one belonging
`person, group, nr class of individuals
`(31 : one possessed by 3 I}3
`as an attribute of sovereignty in : the di
`ctionary D0W$l.‘1fl]15Fm
`the British Crown
`2 : a distinctive excellence — prc-mgdl
`\-tivd\ ad)’
`.
`,
`_
`‘presmge \'pre-sij, :II5‘o_1)1‘l>'S§j\ 21 [ME, fr. L praesagfum, fr. przwsfi
`having a foreboding, fr. prae— + sagas‘ prophetic —« moreat SEEK] (
`1 : something that forcshadows or podends a future event : OM15.
`: en intuition or feeling of what is going to happen in the futufli
`-
`chair : 1>r<oG;\ros1'rC.!gJ'IoN 4 : waming or indication of the futur
`' pre-sage-ful \_pri-‘sir1—fo]\_ 12:27
`‘
`'
`-
`‘pre-sage \'pre—s1j, pri-‘s:i1\vZ: pre-saged; pre-sag-mg vi‘ (1562)
`give an omen or warning of ' FORESHADOW 2 : FORETEEL, FRED‘
`~ vi: to make or utter a prediction — pre-sag-er n, abs
`pre-sane-ii-fled \(.)pr6~'sazJ(l<)
`'
`fid\, adj’ (1758) : consecrated aé RP
`vious service -— used of eucharistic elements
`'
`
`4
`
`

`
`hsnape \'prez-be-,6p; ‘pres-be-, -pé-\ rz [proh. fr. F, fr. G1: presbys
`an + 5p: eye — more at EYE] (ca. 1857) : one affected with pt es-
`_o_pia \,prez—bé-‘o-pé-9, ,pre_s-\ a_U\1'L] (1793) 2 a visual condi-
`ich becomes apparent esp. in nuddle age and in which loss of
`cm: of the lens of the eye causes defective accommodation and in-
`littv to focus sharply for near VlS1Dl'| —— pres-by-o-pic \-*6-pik. —'!a'.-\
`lprez-ba—tsr, ‘pres-\ n []_.L, elder, priest, fr. Gle presivytwos,
`ofpresbys old man, elder; akin to G1: pro before and Gk
`em to go — more at EUR, coma] (1597)
`I : at member of the gov-
`: bgdy uf an early Christian church 2 : a member of the order of
`in churches ilE!.Vlng episcopal hierarchies that include bishops,
`at H
`.
`'
`, a,,(\1 deaoons 3 : ELDER 4b —- pres-hart-er-ate h9rez- bi-is-rat,
`,’f(...~i.t.l \.prez—bo~‘ti1‘-6-el. .p1‘és-\ adj (ca. .1600) : of or relating
`Yymrs or a presbylery —— pres-hv-to-ri-al-IV \-é-e~l5\ adv
`‘tedwit apres _ cry.
`‘~~
`byte:-ial 'n. ojgmz cap‘$328) 2 an organization ofPresbyterian worn-
`3'
`.
`°f§e.r.-..m- xemx n (1540) : a member of a Presbyterian church
`h§'tel‘ifll1 ad} (1641)
`1 often no! cap : characterized by a graded
`‘Of representative ecclesiastical bodies (as presbylciies) exercis-
`gisiative and judicial pmgvors 2 : of, relating to, or constituting a
`fegtallf Chnstlati church that is presbytetxan 1n goyemrnent and tra-
`y Calvinistto mi doctrine — Pres-by-te-n-an-1:111 \-E-9-.ni~'—
`prez-bo-.ter-E, ‘pres-, -be-tt‘é\ 71; 171 -{er-ieS‘TME 8: LL;
`-V’
`part of church reserved for ‘clergy, fr. LLprarbyte1-ittm
`-ofpresby'ie.1’S, part of church reserved for clergy, tr. Gkprerbyre-
`gmup of presby-ters, fr. presbyrerqs elder. priest] (I50) _ 1 : the part
`hutch reserved for fh_e_officlatLng clergy 2 : a ruling body in
`siJyte£‘1an_Church§s ‘consisting of the ministers and representative el-
`rom colxllgzkeltgations wfilurr a déstrglctl 3 : thehjurisdéction of a pres-
`- 4:te ouseo a
`orlfan a oicparis Dries
`pré-.sk1'.'1l, (,)pré-"_\ adj (1914) »: of, relating to, or constitut-
`;;peri d inaa ul1ild’sdlife ho? infancy ‘to thlel agle of five or six that
`arily prece es at en a_nce a e cntenlary sc oo’
`_
`'.
`'
`hon] \'prE-.skiiI\ 1-1 (ca. 1925) : NURSERY SCHODE, Kl‘.NDBRGA.R-
`
`'
`er \[-filgii.-1or\51 (1949 ' 1h: oi child not vefold enough for
`-01 1:aoi
`atten ingapresc oo
`._ ‘
`_
`cience \'p1'e-sh(é-)cn(t)s, ‘pm’:-, -s(é--)9n(1_:)s\n [M.E, fr.‘-L_L rae§::i-
`fr. L praesclentw, praesciens, prp. of prae.s'_cn'e to know before-
`,‘ fr. prae— + mile to know — more at SCIENCE] (Me) : foreknow'l~
`of events: a : divine omniscicnce la : human anticipation of the
`-
`a V
`.‘
`e‘of'eV:]1‘§,S zdrcuus.-sIGHr —— prenzclcnt \-sh(é—)ertt, -s(E-)ont\ qlfi
`en-til-ic \.prE.—.si—an—'ti-fik\ adj (1858) : of, relsifing to, or having
`haractetistics of a periodfb:I_:lfor‘e_the Else ofkntgdem science or a
`prior to the applicaiion o t e scienti is met .0
`'
`p
`cind \pri-'sinx_i\ vb [L praescindere to cut off in front; fr. prd - -1-
`)-e to cut —-%more at st-mt?
`(16?) : to withdraw ones attention
`‘tr
`to detach or purposes 0
`_oug 1t‘
`_
`V
`re ‘.(.)pré-'sk6r. —'s1tor\ vt (1937) : to record (as sound) in ad-
`nce for use when the corresponding scenes are photographed in
`' movies
`«
`.
`_
`ril_1e \pt1'—'skrib\ vb pre-scribed; ‘pro-st-rib-ing [MEL fr..L pm-
`ribére to write at the beginning, dictate, order. fr. pme- + scrfbere to
`c -—k1'KI1[(':'(Ie at scngma] F2‘ (Il5c:)
`11: to lag down a ruli: : n1<:]'rArl3 . 2
`1'.
`jyrzzarcri er ,
`r.
`1 to wt to at t ebeginning L to C aim it ti-
`omething by right of prescription 3 : to write or give medical
`scriptions 14 to become I33‘ prjescription invallid or unenforceable
`1‘ la: to ay own as a gui
`e_..
`irection orru e of action: ORB UN
`0 specify with il‘1thority 2 : to designitte or order the use of :33 a
`ecty -— preuscri or n .
`fipt \‘pre-,skripl.', pri-‘\ (Iq')'_[ME, fr. L prae.s'cr£ptu.r, pp.] (ca. 1540)
`scribed as a rule —— pre-script \'pré-,sl:rip't\ n
`,
`grip-tion \pri-'skrip—sIJen\ it [partly fr. ME prascrigzcion establish-
`of a clairnhfr. MF.prescr§prz'z_m, fr. LL pr_ae.§m'gtiarz-, pragcriptio,
`act of Writing at the beginning, order, lnmtattoo. o_f subject mat-
`Ir. pr1u2t.vri;Eb:i;'e; partly fI'.1]'.:p1‘t:I§St(¥[‘I riot:-, protiscnpgadtgder] (145)
`9 ES 3 IS IIIBIL 0 2| C 2111] O
`G 0 $01116 mg I1
`COHIIBDFA
`_
`usu. by use and enjoyment for a period fixed by statute I: : the
`t or title acquired under common law by such possession 2 : the
`12935 of making Claim‘ to something by long use and enjoyment 3
`E‘. action: of laying down authoritative mics or directions 4 a : a
`ten direction for a. therapcunc or corrective agent; specff : one for
`preparation and use of a_ medicine
`I) : aprescrlbcd medicine 1:
`mething like a doctors pggscription %~s for €ClEnOiIc)1lCd1‘EC0V€l'f«’>
`ancient or long continu
`custom
`: a claim mm c upon an-
`t oustom or long continued 1.53 6 : something prescribed as a rule
`1: ysu:1an’s prescript on
`.
`surlpfion drug 1: (19511) ; a druig that can be obtained onlyby means
`crip-five \pri-'sicrip- '
`: serving tn prescribe (~
`o
`r
`ong— an mg cus om — precscnp-
`'e-
`adv
`W n D by I
`st
`d"
`I founded on, or ‘r§tefi’uin£_:d by pm.
`Ae-loci \.pré-so-'lekt\ vt (ca. 1859) : to choose in advance usu. on the
`am of a particular criterion -— pro-so-lea-iion \-'lek~shsn\ 7:
`self \(.)pré-‘se1\ vt -sold \-‘s5lc1\; uselloing (1947)
`1 : to precondi-
`mn (as a customer) for subsequent purchase nr create advance de-
`ml for (as a product) esp. through marketing strategies 2 : to soil in
`-once
`'
`-z“
`t s\ it (Iris
`1 .: the f ct
`dition of b ‘rt
`ance <r\aised mo(n)ey to publish the book bvpreselling film rights)‘
`rent 2 affiheSan of space within one‘s is-mri)eld.§i<:|vicmity b 31.5
`ghborhood of one of superior esp. royal ‘rank 3 archaic : COMPANY
`_ 4 1 one that is present: as
`a : the actual person or ‘thing that is
`sent
`is : something present of a visible or concrete nature 5 a : the
`firing, carriage, or air of a person; esp : stately or.clisting'uishcd bear-
`}: : a quality of pulse and effectiveness that enablesn performer to
`. ilieve a close relations
`vfth an audience 6 : something (as a spir-
`i) felt or believed to be present
`: self-control so maintained in an ‘emergency
`'
`that one can say or do the right: thing
`
`919
`
`plreshyope e present tense
`ipres-ent \'pre-z°nt\ 1: (ME, fr. OF, fr. presenter] (13c} : something pre-
`sented : GIFT
`zpre-sent \pri-‘zt-.ut\ vb IME, fr. OF present-zr, fr. L praesemraré, fr.
`pracscnt-, pracsens, a.dj,] vt (1-11:)
`1 21(1) : to bring or introduce into the
`presence of someone esp. of superior rank or status
`(2) : to introduce
`socially b : to bring (as a play) before the public 2 : to make a gift to
`3 : to give or bestow formally 4 a 1 to lay (as a charge) before at court
`as an object of inquiry b : to bring a formal publidcharge. indictment,
`or presentment against 5 : to nominate to a benefice 6 3 : to offer to
`view 1 SHOW ll : to bring to one’s attention (this ~.r a- problem) 7
`; to act the part of : PERFORM 8 : to aim, point. or direct (as a Weap-
`on) so as to face something or in at particular direction ~'« vi
`‘ 1 :' to
`present a weapon 2 : to become manifest 3 : to come forward as a
`patient
`4 : to make a presentation syn see GIVE - pre-sent-er n
`' 3pres-ent \'pre~'z°nt\ azfi {M_'Et‘, fr. OF, fr. Lpraerent-, prateserzs, fr. pm. of
`pmeerse to be before one, fr. prac- pre-‘ + arse to be -- more at Is] (14:21
`1: now existing or Ln progress 2 a ' being in View or at hand in : exist-
`ing in something mentioned or ml or ctmsidcration 3 : constituting
`the one actualiv involved, at hand, or being considered 4 : of, relating
`to, or constituting a verb tense that is expressive of present time or the
`time of speaking 5 abs : ATTBNTIVE 6 archaic : lNSTANT,:Dyl'MEDIATE
`—- pres-ent-ness Pt
`I
`~
`“
`-
`I
`'
`"_
`'
`‘pres-out \'pre-z°nt\ 22 (140)
`1 a 0173‘ : present occasion or affair
`I: pl
`: the present words or statements; zvpecifz the legal instrument or other
`writing in which these words are used 2 a: the present tense of a lan-
`guage la : a verb form in the present tense
`3 : the presort
`time — at
`present : at or during this time : Now ‘
`‘
`-
`_
`-,
`_
`pre-sentéablc \pr1-‘zen-ts-bol\ adj (ca. 1526) 1 : "capable
`i‘ being pre-
`sented 2 : being in condition to be seen or inspected esp. by the criti-
`cal —~ pro-sent-ahilni-ty \-.zcn-'ta-'bi~1c~t€\
`r1 -~ pre-sent-abl -ness
`\-‘zen-to-bal-nes\ it --~- pre-sent-ably \-blE\ adv
`_
`present arms \pri-'zc.nt—\ 11 [fr. the commanclpresenr zirmrll (ca. 1834)
`1 z a position in the manual of arms in which the rifle is held vertically
`in front of the body 2 : a command to assume the position of present
`arms or to give a hand sal
`e
`.
`pre-sen-ta-tion \.pre-,ze~.n-'l5t-slxen, ,pre—z"n-. .prc':-2°11-\ rt L7l5c)
`'1 a : the
`act of presenting b 1 the act, power, or privilege esp. of a patron of ap-
`plying to the bishop or ordinary for instituting someone into a benefico
`2 : something presented: as
`a : a symbol or image that represents
`something In : something offered or given : GIFT c’ : something set
`forth for the attention of the mind.
`cl : a descriptive or persuasive ac-
`count (as by 21 salesman of a product). 3 : the position in which the fa-
`tus lies in theuterus in labor with respect to themouth of the uterus’ 4
`- an immediate object of perception, cognition, oi‘ memory Softcn cap
`. a church feaston November 21 celebrating the presentation of the
`Virgin Mary in the temple 6 2 the method by which radio, navigation,
`or radar information is given to the operator (as the pilot of an air-
`plane) —— [are-sen-ta~t‘ion-al \-shoal, -sh:-n°l\ adj
`.
`.
`prc-sen-ta-live \1,ui—'2cn-ta-tiv, ‘pro-7.”n—'.t§-\ any" (ca. 1842) : known,
`knowing, or capable of being krtoojn directly Iaflztor than through cog»
`itation v
`'
`pres-ent-day \‘pre-7.°nt-'d2‘t\ adj (1887) : now existing or occ-ur’ri.ug
`pre-semtee \.pre-z°n-’té, pri-.zen-\-n (15c) : one who is presented or to
`whom something is presented
`_
`.
`pre-sen-tient
`‘\pri—'sen(t)-sh(E-)-ant.
`’pré-;
`pri-'zen(t)-\
`adj‘
`[L
`praeseniierzt-,praesenfiens, prp. ofpraesentire] (1314) : having a presen-
`tinient
`_
`.
`pre~sen-ti-ment \pri-‘zen-ta-mant\ n {F pressaztiment, fr. IVIF, fr. pres-
`senzir to have a presentirnent, fr. L praesentire to feel beforehand, fr.
`prae- + scrztire to feel —- more at SENSB] (1714) : at feeling that some-
`thing wlll or is about to happen : PREMONITIDN .4 pre-sen-ti-men-tat
`\-.zcn-ts-‘men-t‘1\ any
`.
`~
`pres-entzism \‘pre-z"n-.ti—zsm\ n lipraszznt] (1923) 1 an outlook dominat-
`eg by present-day attitudes and experiences — present-ist \-z°n-tisl\
`:1 1
`pres-entoly ‘Jpre-z”nt4lé'\ adv (140)
`1 a archaic : atroncie
`h ‘: before
`long 2 without undue delay 2- : at the present time :_NOW-
`-
`‘
`-~
`~
`usage Both senses lb and 2 are flourishing in current English, but
`many oomrmantators have objectedto sense 2. Since this sense has
`been in continuous use since the 15th century, it is not clear why it is
`objectionable. Perhaps ‘a note in'the Oxjimi English Diclionanz (1909)
`that the sense has been obsoieto since the 17th’ century-in literary En-
`glish is to blame, but the note goes on to observe that the ‘sense is in
`regular use in most English dialects, The 1a_s_t citation in that dictio-
`nary is from a 1901 Leeds newspaper, written in Sta.nda‘rd English.
`Sense 2 is most common in contexts relating to business and politics
`(the fastest-rising welfarc: cost is Meciicaid.presently paid by the states
`and cities —William Satire)
`A
`.
`_
`pre-sentsment \pri-'zcnt—n1ont\ it (143)
`1 :the act of presenting to an
`authority a formal statement of a matter to be dealt With; spccif : the
`notice taken or statement made. by a grand jury of an offense from
`their own knowledge without a. bill of indictment laid before them '2
`: the act of offering at the proper time and place a document (as a bill
`of exchange) that calls for acceptance or payment bvaiiother 3 a : the
`‘act of presenting to view or consciousness
`Er : something set forth,
`presented, or exhibited c : the aspect in which something is presented
`present participle x (1864)
`: a participle that typically e:-zpresscs
`present action in relation to the time expressed by the finite verb in its
`clause ‘and that in English is fanned with the suffix -ing and is used in
`V the formation of the progressive ‘tenses
`‘
`present perfect dab" (188?) : of, relating to‘, or ooustitutinga verb tense
`that is formed in English with have and that expresses action "or state
`completed at the time. or speaking — present perfect :2‘
`present tense): (14c) : the tense of :3. verb that expresses ‘action’ or state
`in the present time and is used of What: occurs or is true at the time of
`speaking and of what is habitual or characteristic oris always or neces-
`
`\o\ abut \a\ kitten, F table \or\ further \a\ ash \§\ ace \é.\ mop, mar
`\au\ out
`\('.li\ chin \c\ be:
`\é\ easy \g\ go \i\ hit
`\l\ ice \i\ lob
`\tJ\s:l.I1g \n\ gu \o\1aw \oi\ buy \th\thin @\ the \fi\loot "\t':\ rum
`\y\ yet \z1l\ vision \ia, ig, “, ue, Fe, ue, $, V\ we Guide to Pronunciation
`
`5
`
`

`
`1144
`
`stare o stasis
`2 : to show oneself con-
`: to look fixedly often with wide-open eyes
`spicuously (the error stared from the page) 3 afhair : to stand on end
`: BRISTLE; also : to appear rough and lusterless ~ vi?
`1 : to have an cl-
`fect on by staring 2 5 to look at With a searching or earnestgazc -
`slar-er 72 --— stare one inihe face -. to be undeniably and forcefully ev-
`ident or apparent
`.
`.
`‘share 11 (1542) : the art or an instance of staring (:1 blank Iv)
`-
`:
`sta-re de- '-sis \,szer-é-di-'si-sos, .star-, .star-\ 72 [I,., to stand by decided
`matters] (1782) : a doctrine or policy of following rules or principles
`laid down in previous fudicisl decisions unless they contravene the or-
`dinary principles of justice
`stare down vi (1925) : to cause to waver or submit by or as if by staring
`stavrets \'st%ir-ats. -yets\ 21, pl star-tsy \'st§irt-s<":\> [Russ, fr. _\'faryz' old -
`more at STOTJR] (1917) : a spiritual director or religious teacher in the
`Eastern Orthodox Church; specij’ : a spiritual adviser who is not neces-
`sarily a priest, who is recognized for his piety, and who is turned. to by
`monks or laymen for spiritual guidance
`r
`.-
`star facet n (1751) : one of the eight small triangular facets which abut
`on the table in the bezel of a brlllizxnt
`.
`star-fish \'st§.r-.fish\ 1: 11538) : any of a class (Asteroidea) of echino-
`dorms having a body of usu. five radially disposed arms about a central
`disk and feeding largely on mollusks (as oysters) — called also it-a star
`stapflow-er \-.flau(-a)r\ 71 (1629) : any of several plants having stap
`shaped penlamerous flowers; exp : any of 3. gernls (Trienfalis, esp. If bo-
`realis) of perennial herbs of the primrose family
`.
`~
`star fruit 1: (1974) : CARAMDOLA 1
`.
`.-
`-
`star-gaze \-,giz\ vi [back-fonnation fr. strzrgazre-'] (1626) 1 : to gaze at
`stars 2 : to gaze raptly or oontemplzttlvely
`,
`V
`star-gaz-or \~.g§—zor\ n (1560)
`1 : one who gazes at the stars: as
`:1 : AS-
`TROLOGER b I ASTRONOMER 2 : any of Various marine bony fishes
`(families Uranoscopidae and Dacty1oscopidae)m'th the eyes on top of
`a l:-locky or conical head
`_
`-
`V
`-
`-
`stat-gaz-ing \-.g.i-zin\ n (1576)
`1 : the act or practice of a stargazer 2
`a : absorption in chimerical or impractical ideas : WUlJLGATH.‘ERl.'NG b
`: the quality or state of being absenlminded
`star grass 2: (1687) : any of various grassy plants with stellate flowers or
`arrimgenieni of leavcs:.as
`:1 : any of a genus [Hypnxzhj of herbs of the
`rea
`~
`‘
`~
`-
`am'3Iry1lis family I: : either oftwo colicroots (Aletrisfarinosa and/I. au-
`‘stark \'stiirk\ mi!" [ME stiff, strong, fl‘. OE stedrc; akin to OHG stare
`strong, Lith starinii to stiffen —- more at STARE] (bef. 12¢)
`1 a :‘rigid in
`or as if in death b : rigidly conforming (as to a pattern or doctrine)
`: ABSOLETE <~ discipline) 2 archaic zsrnouo. ROBUST 3 :TJTTER,
`snr-nan (~ nonsense) 4 a : BARREN, DESOLATE la (1) 2 having few or
`no ornaments : BARE (21 ~ white room)
`(2) -. E-IARSI-I, BLUNT (the mi
`realities of death) 5 : sharply delineated (a ~ contrast) — stark-iy
`adv ~ stark-ness 2:
`-
`-
`-
`..
`‘stark adv (135)
`1 : in a stark manner 2 : to an absolute or complete
`de es : WHOLLY <~ naked) {~ mad)
`-
`star -ersv\'st§-r-lcorz\ adv lalter. of ‘szarki (ca. l923)1:hie:fly }_h'1‘t’: com-
`pletely unclotlhed : NAKED
`-
`v
`-
`star-let \'stEir—lot\ n (1920) : a young movie actress being coached and
`publicized for starring roles
`'
`'
`~
`p
`star-lig]1t\-,lil\ n (140) : the light given by the stars
`‘
`'
`'
`staroling \‘st5lr—lin\ rz [ME, fr. OE stavzrlinc, fr. stzer s,turling' + -ling, ilinc
`-ling; akin to OHG start; starling, L .sr>urnu.s} (bef. 12:2) : any of a family
`(Smrnidae, esp, genus Srumus) of usu. dark gregarious asolne birds; aw
`: a dark brown or in summer glossy greenish black European bird (S.
`vulgarisl naturalized nearly Worldwide and often considered a pest
`‘
`star-lit \'stir-.lit\ acii (ca. 1835) : lighted by the stars
`star-nosed mole \'st2ir-,nfiz(d)~\ :1 (1826) : a common black long-tailed
`semiaquaiic mole (Condylum cristata) of the lJOIfi1Ea.‘iltCTI1,U.S. and ‘ad-
`jacent Canada that has a series of pink fleshy projections surrounding
`the nostrils
`'
`'
`‘
`st~ar--0f—Betl1-Ie-l1en:| \—!betl1—li-.l1om, ~1é~(h)arn\ n (1573) : any of vari-
`ous Old World hulbous herbs (genus Omithogalumj of the lily family
`with‘ ‘basal leaves resembling grass; esp : one (0. uvnivc-Hatmn) with
`white flowers that is naturalized in the eastern US,
`star of Bethlehem : a star which according to Christian traditioii guid-
`ed the Magi to the infant Jesus in Bethlehem’
`Star of Da-vial \~'d:i~vod\ (ca. 1936) : MAGEN DAVLD
`_
`_
`star route 71 [so called fr. the asterisk used to designate such routes in
`postal publications] (1880) : a niail-deliveryroute in a rural or’th.i.t'1ly
`populated area served by. a private carrier under contract who takes
`mail from one post office to another or from a railroad station to a‘ post
`officciand us