`
`
`
`William J. O’Shaughnessy
`Jonathan Short
`MCCARTER & ENGLISH LLP
`Four Gateway Center
`100 Mulberry Street
`Newark, NJ 07102
`(973) 639-2094
`woshaughnessy@mccarter.com
`jshort@mccarter.com
`
`Attorneys for Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
`
`
`OF COUNSEL:
`
`William F. Lee
`Lisa J. Pirozzolo
`Emily Whelan
`WILMER CUTLER PICKERING
`HALE AND DORR LLP
`60 State Street
`Boston, MA 02109
`(617) 526-6000
`
`Attorneys for Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
`
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
`
`
`
`CUBIST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,
`
`
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`
`v.
`
`STRIDES, INC. and AGILA SPECIALTIES
`PRIVATE LIMITED,
`
`
`
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT
`
`
`
`
`
`)
`)
`)
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`)
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`)
`
`)
`) Civil Action No. _____________
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`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`Plaintiff Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., by its attorneys, alleges as follows:
`
`NATURE OF THE ACTION
`
`1.
`
`This is an action for patent infringement under the patent laws of the United
`
`States, Title 35, United States Code, that arises out of the filing by Defendants Strides, Inc.
`
`(“Strides”) and Agila Specialties Private Limited (“Agila”) (collectively, “Defendants”) of
`
`Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) No. 205037 with the U.S. Food and Drug
`
`
`
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`PETITIONERS
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`EXHIBIT NO. 1036 Page 1 of 122
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`Case 1:13-cv-06016-NLH-JS Document 1 Filed 10/09/13 Page 2 of 12 PageID: 2
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`
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`Administration (“FDA”) seeking approval to manufacture and sell a generic version of
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`CUBICIN® prior to the expiration of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,468,967; 6,852,689; 8,058,238; and
`
`8,129,342.
`
`PARTIES
`
`2.
`
`Plaintiff Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Cubist”) is a corporation organized and
`
`existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal place of business at 65
`
`Hayden Avenue, Lexington, Massachusetts.
`
`3.
`
`Upon information and belief, defendant Strides is a New Jersey corporation, with
`
`its principal place of business at 201 South Main Street, Suite #3, Lambertville, NJ 08530.
`
`4.
`
`Upon information and belief, defendant Agila is a corporation organized under the
`
`laws of India, with its principal place of business at Strides House, Bilekahalli, Bannerghatta
`
`Road, Bangalore 560076 India.
`
`5.
`
`Upon information and belief, defendant Strides is the U.S. agent for defendant
`
`Agila. Upon information and belief, defendants Strides and Agila are wholly owned subsidiaries
`
`of Strides Arcolab Ltd. that act in concert with respect to collaborating in the development,
`
`manufacturing, marketing, and sale of generic copies of branded pharmaceutical products,
`
`including daptomycin for injection. On information and belief, defendants Strides and Agila
`
`import, distribute, manufacture, market, and/or sell generic versions of branded drugs in, and
`
`regularly conduct business throughout, the United States, including in New Jersey.
`
`JURISDICTION AND VENUE
`
`6.
`
`This action arises under the patent laws of the United States of America and this
`
`Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331,
`
`1338(a), 2201, and 2202.
`
`7.
`
`Venue is proper in this district pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391 and 1400(b).
`
`
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`8.
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`Defendants are subject to personal jurisdiction in New Jersey because, among
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`other things, Defendants have submitted themselves to the jurisdiction of courts in New Jersey
`
`by virtue of Strides’s incorporation under New Jersey law. Defendants are also subject to
`
`personal jurisdiction in New Jersey because, among other things, upon information and belief
`
`Defendants import, distribute, manufacture, market, and/or sell generic versions of branded
`
`drugs throughout the United States and within the State of New Jersey, and therefore
`
`purposefully avail themselves of the privilege of conducting activities within the State of New
`
`Jersey.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`9.
`
`CUBICIN® (daptomycin for injection) is an intravenous bactericidal antibiotic
`
`approved by the FDA for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused
`
`by certain Gram-positive microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-
`
`resistant strains, also known as MRSA. CUBICIN® is also approved for the treatment of
`
`S. aureus bloodstream infections (bacteremia), including right-sided infective endocarditis
`
`caused by MRSA.
`
`10.
`
`Cubist sells CUBICIN® in the United States pursuant to a New Drug Application
`
`that has been approved by the FDA.
`
`11.
`
`United States Patent No. 6,468,967 (“the ’967 patent”), entitled “Methods for
`
`Administration of Antibiotics” (Exhibit A hereto), was duly and legally issued on October 22,
`
`2002. The ‘967 patent, which is owned by Cubist, will expire on September 24, 2019.
`
`12.
`
`United States Patent No. 6,852,689 (“the ’689 patent”), entitled “Methods for
`
`Administration of Antibiotics” (Exhibit B hereto), was duly and legally issued on February 8,
`
`2005. The ‘689 patent, which is owned by Cubist, will expire on September 24, 2019.
`
`
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`13.
`
` United States Patent No. 8,058,238 (“the ’238 patent”), entitled “High Purity
`
`Lipopeptides” (Exhibit C hereto), was duly and legally issued on November 15, 2011. The ’238
`
`patent, which is owned by Cubist, will expire on November 28, 2020.
`
`14.
`
`United States Patent No. 8,129,342 (“the ’342 patent”), entitled “High Purity
`
`Lipopeptides” (Exhibit D hereto), was duly and legally issued on March 6, 2012. The ’342
`
`patent, which is owned by Cubist, will expire on November 28, 2020.
`
`15.
`
`CUBICIN®, or its use, is covered by one or more claims of the ’967, ’689, ’238,
`
`and ’342 patents, which have been listed in connection with CUBICIN® in the FDA’s
`
`publication, Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, referred to as
`
`the “Orange Book.”
`
`16.
`
`By letter dated August 26, 2013 (the “Notice Letter”), Defendants notified Cubist
`
`that they had submitted to the FDA ANDA No. 205037 for Daptomycin for Injection,
`
`500mg/vial, a generic version of CUBICIN® (“Strides’s ANDA Product”).
`
`17.
`
`In the Notice Letter, Defendants stated that their ANDA included certifications
`
`pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 355(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) with respect to the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342
`
`patents and alleged that the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342 patents are invalid, unenforceable, and/or
`
`will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, or sale of Strides’s
`
`ANDA Product.
`
`18.
`
`This action is being commenced before the expiration of forty-five days from the
`
`date of the receipt of the Notice Letter.
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`
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`COUNT I
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`INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 6,468,967
`
`19.
`
`Plaintiff incorporates each of the proceeding paragraphs 1 – 18 as if fully set forth
`
`herein.
`
`20.
`
`The use of Strides’s ANDA Product is covered by one or more claims of the ’967
`
`patent.
`
`21.
`
`Defendants had knowledge of the ’967 patent when they submitted their ANDA
`
`to the FDA.
`
`22.
`
`Defendants’ submission of ANDA No. 205037 for the purpose of obtaining
`
`approval to engage in the commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sale of Strides’s
`
`ANDA Product before the expiration of the ’967 patent is an act of infringement of the ’967
`
`patent.
`
`23.
`
`The commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale and/or importation of
`
`Strides’s ANDA Product would infringe one or more claims of the ’967 patent.
`
`24.
`
`Upon information and belief, use of Strides’s ANDA Product in accordance with
`
`and as directed by Defendants’ proposed labeling for that product would infringe one or more
`
`claims of the ’967 patent.
`
`25.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants intend to engage in the manufacture,
`
`use, offer for sale, sale, and/or importation of Strides’s ANDA Product with its proposed labeling
`
`immediately and imminently upon approval of ANDA No. 205037.
`
`26.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants will actively induce infringement of the
`
`’967 patent when their ANDA is approved, and plan and intend to, and will do so, immediately
`
`and imminently upon approval.
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`27.
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`Upon information and belief, Defendants know that Strides’s ANDA Product and
`
`its proposed labeling are especially made or adapted for use in infringing the ’967 patent, and
`
`that Strides’s ANDA Product and its proposed labeling are not suitable for substantial
`
`noninfringing use. Upon information and belief, Defendants plan and intend to, and will,
`
`contribute to the infringement of the ’967 patent immediately and imminently upon approval of
`
`ANDA No. 205037.
`
`28.
`
`The foregoing actions by Defendants constitute and/or would constitute
`
`infringement of the ’967 patent, active inducement of infringement of the ’967 patent, and/or
`
`contribution to the infringement by others of the ’967 patent.
`
`29.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants acted without a reasonable basis for
`
`believing that they would not be liable for infringing the ’967 patent, actively inducing
`
`infringement of the ’967 patent, and/or contributing to the infringement by others of the ’967
`
`patent.
`
`30.
`
`Unless Defendants are enjoined from infringing the ’967 patent, actively inducing
`
`infringement of the ’967 patent, and/or contributing to the infringement by others of the ’967
`
`patent, Cubist will suffer irreparable injury. Cubist has no adequate remedy at law.
`
`COUNT II
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`INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 6,852,689
`
`31.
`
`Plaintiff incorporates each of the proceeding paragraphs 1 – 30 as if fully set forth
`
`herein.
`
`32.
`
`The use of Strides’s ANDA Product is covered by one or more claims of the ’689
`
`patent.
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`33.
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`Defendants had knowledge of the ’689 patent when they submitted their ANDA
`
`to the FDA.
`
`34.
`
`Defendants’ submission of ANDA No. 205037 for the purpose of obtaining
`
`approval to engage in the commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sale of Strides’s
`
`ANDA Product before the expiration of the ’689 patent is an act of infringement of the ’689
`
`patent.
`
`35.
`
`The commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale and/or importation of
`
`Strides’s ANDA Product would infringe one or more claims of the ’689 patent.
`
`36.
`
`Upon information and belief, use of Strides’s ANDA Product in accordance with
`
`and as directed by Defendants’ proposed labeling for that product would infringe one or more
`
`claims of the ’689 patent.
`
`37.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants intend to engage in the manufacture,
`
`use, offer for sale, sale, and/or importation of Strides’s ANDA Product with its proposed labeling
`
`immediately and imminently upon approval of ANDA No. 205037.
`
`38.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants will actively induce infringement of the
`
`’689 patent when their ANDA is approved, and plan and intend to, and will do so, immediately
`
`and imminently upon approval.
`
`39.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants know that Strides’s ANDA Product and
`
`its proposed labeling are especially made or adapted for use in infringing the ’689 patent, and
`
`that Strides’s ANDA Product and its proposed labeling are not suitable for substantial
`
`noninfringing use. Upon information and belief, Defendants plan and intend to, and will,
`
`contribute to the infringement of the ’689 patent immediately and imminently upon approval of
`
`ANDA No. 205037.
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`
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`40.
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`The foregoing actions by Defendants constitute and/or would constitute
`
`infringement of the ’689 patent, active inducement of infringement of the ’689 patent, and/or
`
`contribution to the infringement by others of the ’689 patent.
`
`41.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants acted without a reasonable basis for
`
`believing that they would not be liable for infringing the ’689 patent, actively inducing
`
`infringement of the ’689 patent, and/or contributing to the infringement by others of the ’689
`
`patent.
`
`42.
`
`Unless Defendants are enjoined from infringing the ’689 patent, actively inducing
`
`infringement of the ’689 patent, and/or contributing to the infringement by others of the ’689
`
`patent, Cubist will suffer irreparable injury. Cubist has no adequate remedy at law.
`
`COUNT III
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`INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,058,238
`
`43.
`
`Plaintiff incorporates each of the proceeding paragraphs 1 – 42 as if fully set forth
`
`herein.
`
`44.
`
`45.
`
`Strides’s ANDA Product is covered by one or more claims of the ’238 patent.
`
`Defendants’ submission of ANDA No. 205037 for the purpose of the obtaining
`
`approval to engage in the commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sale of Strides’s
`
`ANDA Product before the expiration of the ’238 patent is an act of infringement of the ’238
`
`patent.
`
`46.
`
`The commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale and/or importation of
`
`Strides’s ANDA Product would infringe one or more claims of the ’238 patent.
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`47.
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`Upon information and belief, Defendants intend to engage in the manufacture,
`
`use, offer for sale, sale, and/or importation of Strides’s ANDA Product immediately and
`
`imminently upon approval of ANDA No. 205037.
`
`48.
`
`The foregoing actions by Defendants constitute and/or would constitute
`
`infringement of the ’238 patent.
`
`49.
`
`Unless Defendants are enjoined from infringing the ’238 patent, Cubist will suffer
`
`irreparable injury. Cubist has no adequate remedy at law.
`
`COUNT IV
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`INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,129,342
`
`50.
`
`Plaintiff incorporates each of the proceeding paragraphs 1 – 49 as if fully set forth
`
`herein.
`
`51.
`
`52.
`
`Strides’s ANDA Product is covered by one or more claims of the ’342 patent.
`
`Defendants’ submission of ANDA No. 205037 for the purpose of the obtaining
`
`approval to engage in the commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sale of Strides’s
`
`ANDA Product before the expiration of the ’342 patent is an act of infringement of the ’342
`
`patent.
`
`53.
`
`The commercial manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale and/or importation of
`
`Strides’s ANDA Product would infringe one or more claims of the ’342 patent.
`
`54.
`
`Upon information and belief, Defendants intend to engage in the manufacture,
`
`use, offer for sale, sale, and/or importation of Strides’s ANDA Product immediately and
`
`imminently upon approval of ANDA No. 205037.
`
`55.
`
`The foregoing actions by Defendants constitute and/or would constitute
`
`infringement of the ’342 patent.
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`56.
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`Unless Defendants are enjoined from infringing the ’342 patent, Cubist will suffer
`
`irreparable injury. Cubist has no adequate remedy at law.
`
`PRAYER FOR RELIEF
`
`WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays that this Court grant the following relief:
`
`(a)
`
`A judgment that Defendants’ submission of ANDA No. 205037 was an act of
`
`infringement of the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342 patents, and that Defendants’ manufacture, use,
`
`offer to sell, sale, or importation of Strides’s ANDA Product prior to the expiration of the ’967,
`
`’689, ’238, and ’342 patents, will infringe, actively induce infringement, and/or contribute to the
`
`infringement of the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342 patents;
`
` (b) An Order pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(4)(A) providing that the effective date of
`
`any FDA approval of Strides’s ANDA No. 205037, or any product or compound that infringes
`
`the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342 patents, shall not be earlier than the expiration of the ’967, ’689,
`
`’238 and ’342 patents;
`
`(c)
`
`An Order permanently enjoining Defendants, and their affiliates and subsidiaries,
`
`and each of their officers, agents, servants and employees, from making, using, offering to sell,
`
`selling, marketing, distributing, or importing Strides’s ANDA Product, or any product or
`
`compound that infringes the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342 patents, or inducing or contributing to the
`
`infringement of the ’967, ’689, ’238, and ’342 patents until after the expiration of the ’967, ’689,
`
`’238, and ’342 patents;
`
`(d)
`
`A declaration that this is an exceptional case and an award of attorneys’ fees to
`
`plaintiff pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 285;
`
`(e)
`
`Plaintiff’s reasonable costs of suit incurred; and
`
`(f)
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`Such further and other relief as this Court deems proper and just.
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`Dated: October 9, 2013
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`
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`OF COUNSEL
`
`William F. Lee
`Lisa J. Pirozzolo
`Emily Whelan
`WILMER CUTLER PICKERING
`HALE AND DORR LLP
`60 State Street
`Boston, MA 02109
`(617) 526-6000
`
`
`
`
`
`s/William J. O’Shaughnessy
`
`William J. O’Shaughnessy
`Jonathan Short
`MCCARTER & ENGLISH LLP
`Four Gateway Center
`100 Mulberry Street
`Newark, NJ 07102
`(973) 639-2094
`woshaughnessy@mccarter.com
`jshort@mccarter.com
`
`Attorneys for Plaintiff
`Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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`CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO L. CIV. R. 11.2
`
`I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the matter in controversy is the subject of:
`
`• Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Hospira, Inc., Civil Action No. 1:12-cv-00367-GMS
`
`(Consolidated) filed on March 21, 2012 in the District of Delaware; and
`
`• Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Strides, Inc. and Agila Specialties Private Limited, Civil
`
`Action No. _______ filed on October 9, 2013 in the District of Delaware.
`
`Respectfully Submitted,
`
`s/William J. O’Shaughnessy
`
`William J. O’Shaughnessy
`Jonathan Short
`MCCARTER & ENGLISH LLP
`Four Gateway Center
`100 Mulberry Street
`Newark, NJ 07102
`(973) 639-2094
`woshaughnessy@mccarter.com
`jshort@mccarter.com
`
`Attorneys for Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
`
`
`Dated: October 9, 2013
`
`OF COUNSEL:
`
`William F. Lee
`Lisa J. Pirozzolo
`Emily Whelan
`WILMER CUTLER PICKERING
`HALE AND DORR LLP
`60 State Street
`Boston, MA 02109
`(617) 526-6000
`
`Attorneys for Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
`
`
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`EXHIBIT A
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`US 8,058,238 B2
`
`7
`known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,202,309 and
`International PCT Application WO 00/08197. In another pre(cid:173)
`ferred embodiment, the lipopeptide is a daptomycin-related
`molecule, including, inter alia, daptomycin, A54145, a dap(cid:173)
`tomycin-related lipopeptide disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5
`4,537,717, 4,482,487, Re. 32,311, Re. 32,310, U.S. Pat. No.
`5,912,226, currently in reissue as U.S. Ser. No. 09/547,357,
`U.S. Provisional Applications Nos. 60/170,943, 60/170,946
`or 60/170,945, filed Dec. 15, 1999, U.S. Provisional Appli(cid:173)
`cation No. 60/208,222, filed May 30, 2000, all of which are 10
`specifically incorporated herein by reference, or anA-21978
`antibiotic in which the n-decanoyl fatty acid side chain of
`daptomycin is replaced by an n-octanoyl, n-nonanoyl, n-un(cid:173)
`decanoyl, n-dodecanoyl, n-tridecanoyl or n-tetradecanoyl 15
`fatty acid side chain. The daptomycin-related lipopeptides
`disclosed in 60/170,943, 60/170,946, 60/170,945, and
`60/208,222 relate to synthetic and semisynthetic lipopeptides
`in which the ornithine or kynurine residues or the fatty acid
`side chain of daptomycin are modified. In a more preferred 20
`embodiment, the lipopeptide is daptomycin. The term dapto(cid:173)
`mycin-related lipopeptide refers to compounds described
`above, and salts thereof.
`The term "daptomycin" refers to the n-decanoyl derivative
`of the factor A-21978C0 type antibiotic, or a pharmaceutical 25
`acceptable salt thereof. "Daptomycin" is synonymous with
`LY146032. See FIG. 1.
`The term "anhydro-daptomycin" refers to the daptomycin
`derivative in which the a-aspartyl group of daptomycin is
`transpeptidated to an anhydro-succinimido group. See FIG.
`3.
`
`The term "~-isomer" or "~-isomer of daptomycin" refers
`to the daptomycin derivative that contains a ~-aspartyl group
`instead of an a-aspartyl group. See FIG. 2.
`Daptomycin or a daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "sub(cid:173)
`stantially pure" when at least 95% of a sample is daptomycin
`or daptomycin-related lipopeptide. Preferably, daptomycin
`or daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "substantially pure"
`when at least 97% of a sample is daptomycin or daptomycin(cid:173)
`related lipopeptide.
`Daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "essen(cid:173)
`tially pure" when at least 98% of a sample is daptomycin or
`daptomycin-related lipopeptide. Preferably, daptomycin or
`daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "essentially pure" when at
`least 99% of a sample is daptomycin or daptomycin-related 45
`lipopeptide.
`Daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "sub(cid:173)
`stantially free" of another compound when the other com(cid:173)
`pound is present in an amount that is no more than 1% of the
`amount of the daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide 50
`preparation.
`Daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "essen(cid:173)
`tially free" of another compound when the other compound is
`present in an amount that is no more than 0.5% of the amount
`of the daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide prepa- 55
`ration.
`Daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide is "free" of
`another compound when the other compound is present in an
`amount that is no more than 0.1% of the amount of the
`daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide preparation.
`Alternatively, daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide
`is "free" of another compound when the compound caunot be
`detected by HPLC under conditions of maximum sensitivity
`in which a limit of detection is approximately 0.05% or less of
`the amount of the daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopep(cid:173)
`tide preparation. Exemplary HPLC methods are described
`herein (Tables 1 and 2).
`
`8
`"Purified" daptomycin or daptomycin-related lipopeptide
`refers to substantially pure daptomycin or daptomycin-re(cid:173)
`lated lipopeptide, essentially pure daptomycin or daptomy(cid:173)
`cin-related lipopeptide, or a salt thereof, or to daptomycin,
`daptomycin-related lipopeptide, or a salt thereof which is
`substantially free, essentially free, or free of another com-
`pound.
`"Partially purified" daptomycin or daptomycin-related
`lipopeptide
`refers
`to daptomycin, daptomycin-related
`lipopeptide, or a salt thereof that is less than 90% pure.
`The purity of daptomycin, daptomycin-related lipopeptide
`or of another lipopeptide refers to the lipopeptide prior to its
`formulation in a pharmaceutical composition. The purity may
`be measured by any means including nuclear magnetic reso(cid:173)
`nance (NMR), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/
`MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) or
`microbiological assays. A preferred means for measuring the
`purity of daptomycin is by analytical high pressure liquid
`chromatography (HPLC).
`The term "micelle" refers to aggregates of amphipathic
`molecules. In an aqueous media, the lipophilic domains of the
`molecules of the aggregate are oriented toward the interior of
`the micelle and the hydrophilic domains are in contact with
`the medium. Micelle structures include, but are not limited to,
`spherical, laminar, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, vesicular (liposo(cid:173)
`mal), lamellar and liquid crystal. See FIG. 14.
`The term "mixed micelle" refers to a particular type of
`micelle in which the micelle contains more than a single type
`of amphipathic molecule. In the context of this invention,
`30 mixed micelles contain a lipopeptide and at least one other
`amphipathic molecule which may be another lipopeptide.
`Mixed micelles contain at least 10% of the lipopeptide by
`weight. In other embodiments, a mixed micelle contains at
`least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the
`35 lipopeptide.
`The term "micellar solution" refers to a solution in which
`more than 50% of the lipopeptide molecules in the solution
`are present in micelles, as measured by weight. Preferably, at
`least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the molecules are
`40 present in micelles. A micellar solution is retained on a ultra(cid:173)
`filtration membrane that has a 1 0, 000 dalton nominal molecu(cid:173)
`lar weight (NMW) cutoff.
`The term "critical micelle concentration" (erne) refers to
`the particular concentration of molecules, which is dependent
`upon temperature, salt concentration and the nature and type
`of amphipat