. '
`
`I
`
`IEEE Std 100-1996
`
`The IEEE Standard Dictionary of
`Electrical and Electronics Terms
`
`Sixth Edition
`
`Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`standard is one of a number of information technology dictionaries being developed by standards
`<jrganizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute. This dictionary was developed
`the sponsorship of voluntary standards organizations, using a consensus-based process.
`
`ISBN 1-55937-833-6
`
`90000
`
`9 781559 378338
`
`Exhibit 1206 01/03
`
`

`

`•d;-~f'pto~agatiolf, ionospheric
`;ess' of deteimirting the deg
`reeto
`.
`n, or rmplementation of am
`g
`aspects o1 the system bein Ode!
`~ation. See also:. fidelity. g rnoct.
`(C) 610.3-1989
`.
`mg the degree to which a mode
`I
`L of the real world from th
`e per-
`:s) of the model.
`(C/DIS) 1278.3-1996
`~c~ss ?f detennining the degre
`.ahzatron steps of a model· t e
`rements ~d the design, o; b~~
`lplementatron. Contrast: mode!
`(C) 610.3-1989
`ng that a model implementat'
`ron
`·
`•
`re!op
`er s conceptual description
`(C/DIS) 1278.3-1996
`1) A contraction ofMOdulat
`that connects data tenn. or,-
`tt
`ma
`1'
`(PE) 599-1985
`Jn me.
`tta acquisition, and automat
`ulator ?evice that converts seri~
`1 the srgnal fonn appropriate fo
`r
`.
`1 channel.
`B) C37.1-1994, C37.10o- 1992
`:etworks). ~ modulator-demod-
`• n~odes drgttal infonnation onto
`rymg the amplitude, frequency
`je~odulator extracts digital in~
`Jdrfi~d carrier. A modem trans(cid:173)
`m sur table for transmission over
`(C/LM) 802.7-1989
`:md demodulates signals trans(cid:173)
`~on. f~cilities. One of the func-
`• ~ ?rgttal data to be transmitted
`(PE/SUB) 999-1992
`rttes.
`'. m?dulation and demodulation
`It srgnals over communication
`ed as an abbreviation for mod(cid:173)
`~: data set; demodulator-mod(cid:173)
`'!. .s:e al~o: acoustic coupler.
`l drgrtal srgnal received into an
`(C) 610.7cJ995
`of modem status lines.
`(C/PA) 2003.1:1992
`
`~r.
`
`uits) The characteristic pattern
`sequence and duration of com(cid:173)
`: Most thyristor converters and
`todes of operation, which may
`e current wave. The particular
`de~ends upon the circuit con(cid:173)
`ecttfier circuit element.
`(lA) 444-1973r
`:uid.es) A fonn of propagation
`ctenz~d by a Particular field
`the drrection of propagation
`ent of position along the axi~
`~ ~ase of uniconductor wave(cid:173)
`trlicular mode of propagation
`ency. See also: waveguide.
`wa~e than can advance and
`~ axrs of a transmission line
`t~e electromagnetic field pat(cid:173)
`:tr?ns ~except for a monotonic
`dtrectton of propagation due
`' present to some degr~e in
`l004-1987w
`(MIT)
`'ic Representation of a trans(cid:173)
`,hops bet~een the end points
`.rs producrng the ionospheric
`
`/
`
`661
`
`'t.'"11rene1;uum being indicated for each hop. Example: 1F + 1E
`;;srfepresents a hop with an ionospheric reflection in the F region
`,, •. ,,followed by a reflection at the ground, followed, in tum, by
`(AP) 211-1990
`bntahop with a reflection from theE region.
`111oae of resonance (waveguide) A form of natural electromag(cid:173)
`w8netic oscillation in a resonator, characterized by a particular
`(MIT) 146-1980w
`field pattern.
`rritode of vibration (vibratory body, such as a piezoelectric
`,::,rcrystal unit) A pattern of motion of the individual particles
`due to stresses. applied to the body, its properties, and the
`,.,boundary conditions. Tlrree common modes of vibration are
`flexural, extensional, and shear. See also: crystal.
`[119)
`(EEC/PE)
`'iriode scrambler (A) (fiber optics) A device for inducing mode
`coupling in an optical fiber. Synonym: mode mixer. See also:
`mode coupling. (B) (fiber optics) A device composed of one
`·•or more optical fibers in which strong mode coupling occurs.
`Note: Frequently used to provide a mode distribution that is
`·independent of source characteristics or that meets other spec(cid:173)
`ific'ations. Synonym: mode mixer. See also: mode coupling.
`(StdlOO) 812-1984w
`iiuide shape (mechanical) A plot that shows displacements of
`·various points in the vibrating structure at a particular instant
`in time. There is a characteristic mode shape associated with
`each natural frequency of a vibrating structure.
`(PE/SWG/SUB) C37.100-1992, C37.122-1983s,
`C37.122.1-1993
`mode stripper See: cladding mode stripper.
`mode transducer (waveguide components) A device for trans(cid:173)
`.· forming an electromagnetic wave from one mode of propa-
`(MIT) 147-1979w
`gation to another.
`mode transformer See: mode transducer.
`mode voltage See: glow voltage .
`mode volume (fiber optics) The number of bound modes that
`an optical waveguide is capable of supporting; for V5, ap(cid:173)
`proximately given by 0!2 and (V2/2[g/(g + 2)], respectively,
`for step index and power-law profile waveguides, where g is
`the profile parameter, and V is normalized frequency. See
`also: effective mode volume; mode; normalized frequency;
`power-law index profile; step index profile; V number.
`(StdlOO) 812-1984w
`modificati~;m (A) (software) A change made to software. See
`also: software. (B) (software) The process of changing soft(cid:173)
`(C/SE) 729-1983s
`ware. See also: software.
`modification request (MR) A generic. term that includes the
`forms associated with the various trouble problem-reporting
`documents (e.g., incident report, trouble report) and the
`configuration change control document.
`(C/SE) 1219-1992
`modified circuit transient recovery voltage The circuit tran(cid:173)
`sient recovery voltage modified in accordance with the nor(cid:173)
`mal-frequency recovery voltage and the asymmetry of the
`current wave obtained on a particular interruption. Note:.This
`voltage indicates the severity of the particular interruption
`with respect to recovery-voltage phenomena.
`(PE/SWG) C37.100-1992
`.modified impedance relay An impedance form of distance re(cid:173)
`lay for which the operating characteristic of the distance unit
`on an R-X diagram is a circle having its center displaced from
`the origin. Note: It may be described by the equation
`ct) = Kl - K?
`Z:. = 2K1Zc 05(9 -
`here K1, K 2 , and ct are constants and e is the phase angle by
`which the input voltage leads the input current.
`(PE/SWG) C37.100-1992
`modified index of refraction (radio-wave propagation) In the
`troposphere, the sum of the refractive index at a given height
`h above the mean local surface and the ratio of this height
`to the geometrical mean radius of the Earth.
`(AP) 211-1990
`
`modulated 12.5T pulse
`modified inherent transient recovery voltage (transient re(cid:173)
`covery voltage) The TRV (transient recovery voltage) that
`results from the interaction of a circuit (that produces the
`inherent transient recovery voltage) and the impedance (ca(cid:173)
`pacitors, resistors, etc.) of an interrupting device without the
`modifying effects of an arc and its voltage. Modifying im(cid:173)
`pedances, such as capacitors and resistors, are sometimes in(cid:173)
`cluded as part of a switching device to modify the TRV.
`(PE/SWG) C37.04E-1985w, C37.100-1992,
`C37.100B-1986w, C37.4D-1985w
`modified-off-the-shelf (MOTS) Software product that is al(cid:173)
`ready developed and available, usable either "as is" or with
`modification, and provided by the supplier, acquirer, or a third
`(C/SE) 1062-1993
`party.
`modified performance test A test, in the "as found" condition,
`of a battery's capacity and its ability ts provide a high-rate,
`short-duration load (usually the highest rate of the duty cycle)
`that will confirm the battery's ability to meet the critical pe(cid:173)
`riod of the load duty cycle, in addition to determining its
`(PE) 450-1995
`percentage of rated capacity.
`modified source statements Original source statements that
`(C/SE) 1045-1992
`have been changed.
`modify (A) To change the contents of a database. (B) To change
`the logical structure of a database. See also: alter.
`(C) 610.5-1990
`Modula 2 See: MODUlar LAnguage II .
`MODULA II See: MODUlar LAnguage II.
`modular (software) Composed of discrete parts. See also: mod(cid:173)
`ular decomposition; modular progranrrning.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`modular assembly A circuit brealler element consisting of
`sealed interrupters, mechanism, and connecting terminals.
`(PE/SWG) C37.59-1996
`modular constraint See: grjd constraint.
`modular decomposition (software) The process of brealling a
`system into components to facilitate design and development;
`an element of modular programming. Synonym: modulariza(cid:173)
`tion. See also: cohesion; coupling; demodularization; factor(cid:173)
`ing; functional decomposition; hierarchical decomposition;
`(C) 610.12-1990
`packaging.
`modularity (software) The degree to which a system or com(cid:173)
`puter program is composed of discrete components such that
`a change to one component has minimal impact on other com(cid:173)
`(C) 610.12-1990
`ponents. See also: cohesion; coupling.
`modularization See: modular decomposition.
`MODUlar LAnguage II (MODULA II) A programming lan(cid:173)
`guage developed, as an expanded version of Pascal, to support
`modular design, structured programs, and mathematical cal(cid:173)
`culations. See also: block-structured language.
`(C) 610.13-1993
`modular programming (software) A software development
`technique in which software is developed as a collection of
`modules. See also: data structure-centered design; input-pro(cid:173)
`cess-output; modular decomposition; object-oriented design;
`rapid prototyping; stepwise refinement; structured design;
`(C) 610.12-1990
`transaction analysis; transform analysis.
`MODULAR II See: MODUlar LAnguage II.
`modulate (A) To convert voice or data signal for transmission
`over a communications network. Contrast: demodulate.
`(B) To vary one or more attributes of a carrier (amplitude,
`frequency, phase) such that the frequency information in the
`modulating signal can be recovered by its inverse process.
`(C) •610.7-1995
`modulated 12.5T pulse (linear waveform distortion) A burst
`of color subcarrier frequency of nominally 3.58 MHz. The
`envelope of the burst is sin4 shaped with a HAD of nominally
`1.56 fLS. The MOD 12.5T pulse consists of a luminance and
`a chrominance component. The envelope of the frequency
`spectrum consists of two parts, namely signal energy concen(cid:173)
`trated in the luminance region below 0.6 MHz and in the
`chrominance region from roughly 3 MHz to 4.2 MHz.
`
`Exhibit 1206 02/03
`
`

`

`modul
`
`(15)
`tacQ
`pro~
`resp
`reqt
`is C!
`tioq
`
`,(16)
`:be~
`.•n·se&J
`?:.~~~
`
`..witl
`(1~,
`,req
`..• (1~
`;,
`modll
`: de~
`des ;
`ri<>i
`po~
`sm;
`re11
`w6
`vi~
`c)(<
`the
`
`modi
`foi
`ot
`sui
`
`mod
`tr1
`a]
`m<
`ad
`(2
`m
`mod
`Tl
`el
`ra
`oJ
`
`roo~
`tr
`S(
`mol
`jt
`
`modulation
`
`662
`
`1.56 p.S
`12.5T
`
`Envelope of frequency spectrum of modulated 12.5T pulse
`modulated 12.5T pulse
`(BT) 511-1979w
`modulation (1) (A) (data transmission) (Carrier). (i) The pro(cid:173)
`cess by which some characteristic of a carrier is varied in
`accordance. with a modulating wave. (ii) The variation of
`some characteristic of a carrier. See also: angle modulation;
`modulation index. (B) (data transmission) (Signal transmis(cid:173)
`sion system). (i) A process whereby certain characteristics of
`a wave, often called the carrier, are varied or selected in ac(cid:173)
`cordance with a modulating function. (ii) The result of such
`a process. See also: angle modulation; modulation index.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(2) (diode-type camera tube) The ratio of the difference be(cid:173)
`tween the maximum and minimum signal currents divided by
`the sum. To avoid ambiguity, the optical input image intensity
`shall be assumed to be sinusoidal in the direction of scan.
`(ED) 503"1978w_
`(3) (fiber optics) A controlled variation with time of any
`property of a wave for the purpose of transferring informa(cid:173)
`tion.
`(StdlOO) 812-1984w
`(4) (overhead-power-line corona and radio noise) The pro(cid:173)
`cess by which some characteristic of a carrier is varied in
`accordance with a modulating signal.
`
`(PE/T&D) 539-1990
`(5) (broadband local area networks) The method whereby
`information is superimposed onto a RF carrier to transport
`signals through a communications channel.
`(C/LM) 802.7-1989
`( 6) The process of changing or regulating the characteristics
`of a carrier that is vibrating at a certain amplitude and fre(cid:173)
`quency so that the variations represent meaningful informa(cid:173)
`tion. Contrast: demodulation.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`modulation contrast (diode-type camera tube) The ratio of
`the difference between the peak and the minimum values
`of irradiance to the sum of the peak and the minimum value
`of irradiance of an image or specified portion of an image.
`(ED) 503-1978w
`modulation index (angle modulation with a sinusoidal mod(cid:173)
`ulating function) (data transmission) The ratio of the fre(cid:173)
`quency deviation of the modulated wave to the frequency of
`the modulating function. Note: The modulation index is nu(cid:173)
`merically equal to the phase deviation expressed in radians.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`modulation threshold (illuminating engineering) In the case
`of a square wave or sine wave grating, manipulation of lu(cid:173)
`minance differences can be specified in terms of modulation
`and the threshold may be called the modulation threshold.
`.
`Lmax- Lmin
`modulatiOn = L
`L .
`max+ mm
`Periodic patterns that are not sine wave can be specified in
`terms of the modulation of the fundamental sine wave com(cid:173)
`ponent. The number of periods or cycles per degree of visual
`angle represents the spatial frequency.
`(EEC/IE) [126]
`modulator A device that converts a signal into a modulated
`signal that is suitable for transmission.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`modulation transfer function (diode-type camera tube)
`R 0(N), the modulus of the optical transfer function (OTF), is
`
`synonymous with the sine amplitude response. That is, the
`.response of the imaging sensor to sinewave images. When
`the modulation transfer functions or MTFs of a linear sensor's
`components are known, the overall system MTF can be found
`by multiplying the individual component MTFs together.
`(ED) 503-1978w
`
`·modulator-demodulator See: modem.
`module (1) (nuclear power generating station) Any assembly
`of interconnected components that constitutes an identifiable
`device, instrument, or piece of equipment. A module can be
`disconnected, removed as a unit, and replaced with a spare.
`It has definable performance characteristics that permit it to
`be tested as a unit. A module could be a card, a drawout circuit
`breaker, or other subassembly of a larger device, provided it
`meets the requirements of this definition.
`(PE) 308-1991, 497-198lw, 603-1991, 622B-1988r
`(2) (cable penetration fire stop qualification test) An open(cid:173)
`ing in a fire resistive barrier so located and spaced from ad(cid:173)
`jacent modules (openings) that its respective cable penetration
`fire stop's performance will not affect the performance of
`cable penetration fire stops in any adjacent module. A module
`may take on any shape to permit the passage of cables from
`one or any number of raceways.
`(ED) 581-1978w
`(3) (A) (software) A program unit that is discrete and iden(cid:173)
`tifiable with respect to compiling, combining with other units,
`and loading; for example, the input to, or output from, an
`assembler, compiler, linkage editor, or executive routine.
`(B) (software) A logically separable part of a program. Note:
`The terms "module," "component," and "unit" are often used
`interchangeably or defined to be sub-elements of one another
`in different ways depending upon the context. The relation(cid:173)
`ship of these terms is not yet standardized.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(4) (STEbus) A plug-in unit consisting of one or more boards
`that contains at least one bus interface conforming to IEEE
`Std 1000-1987, which plugs into the backplane.
`.
`(C/MM) 1000-1987r
`(5) Collection of circuitry designed to perform specific func(cid:173)
`tions that includes an interface to Future bus+. il
`(BA/C) 10857-1994, 896.3-1993, 896.4-1993
`(6) (MULTIBUS) A basic functional unit within an agent.
`(C/MM) 1296-1987s
`(7) (NuBus) See also: board.
`(C/MM) 1196-1987
`(8) A board or board set that comprises a single physical unit.
`It provides mechanical mounting and protection of electronic
`components, thermal transfer of heat away from the compo(cid:173)
`nents to an external heat sink, and electrical and fiber-optic
`connections. A module is removable and replaceable.
`(BA/C) 14536-1995
`
`(9) A plug-in unit per IEC 50.
`(BA/C) 1101.3-1993, 1101.4-1993
`(10) A board, or board set, consisting of one or more nodes,
`that share a physical interface to SCI. If a module has multiple
`boards with backplane-mating connectors, it only uses one
`for the logical connection to the node. The others may provide
`additional power or I/0 for their associated boards, but other(cid:173)
`wise merely pass the input link signals through to the output
`link to provide continuity in case the module is plugged into
`a ring-connected backplane.
`(C/MM) 1596-1992
`(11) Typically a board assembly and its associated mechan(cid:173)
`ical parts, front panel, optional shields, etc., which contains
`everything required to occupy a slot in a mainframe. A mod(cid:173)
`ule may occupy one or more slots.
`(C/MM) 1155-1992
`(12) A collection of circuitry that is designed to perform a
`specific operation. This is standard terminology for Future(cid:173)
`bus+, while VME64 uses board synonymously.
`(BA/C) 1014.1-1994
`(13) A board, or board set, consisting of one or more nodes
`that share a physical interface. Although only one board in a
`module connects to bus signals, each board connector could
`provide power from the bus.
`(C/MM) 1212-199ls
`(14) An electronic circuit assembly that connects to one or
`more slots on the backplane. It is removable from and re-
`
`Exhibit 1206 03/03
`
`