EXHIBIT 2181
`EXHIBIT 2181
`
`
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`DISPLAY INTELLIGENCE"
`
`3D Technology and Markets
`A Study of All Aspects of Electronic 3D Systems, Applications and
`Markets
`
`Written by Insight Media in Cooperation with the US Display
`Consortium
`
`Insight Media
`3 Morgan Avenue
`Norwalk, CT 06851 USA
`Phone: 203-831-8464
`Fax: 203-838-8432
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Matthew Brennesholtz
`Arthur Berman
`
`March 2007
`
`Copyright 2007 by Insight Media, LLC. All rights reserved.
`Electronic forwarding and reproduction without permission is prohibited
`
`EXHIBIT
`
`/7
`
`teif 116 4,.// S-4/5
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-1
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`3.1.
`3.2.
`3.3.
`3.4.
`3.4.1.
`
`3.4.2.
`
`1. Table of Contents
`Table of Contents
`Table of Figures
`Table of Tables
`Introduction
`Executive Summary
`Human Factors of 3D
`3D Image Generation and Conversion Technologies
`Image Processing, Formats and Standards
`Current and Emerging 3D Display Technologies
`Glasses-Dependent 3D Technologies
`3.4.1.1. Glasses-Dependent Direct View Technology
`3.4.1.2. Glasses-Dependent Projection Technologies
`Head-Mounted Displays
`3.4.1.3.
`Glasses-Free Technologies
`3.4.2.1. Autostereoscopic Displays
`Volumetric Displays
`3.4.2.2.
`3.4.2.3. Holographic Displays
`Applications of 3D Displays
`Benefits of 3D
`Need for 3D Market Research
`Major and Minor Applications for 3D
`3D Display Technology Suitable for Various Applications
`Market Opportunity Forecasts for 3D Displays
`Conclusions
`Appendix A
`Appendix B
`Appendix C
`Human Factors Of 3D Displays
`Introduction
`Psychological Depth Cues
`Interposition
`Linear Perspective
`Aerial Perspective
`The Size of the Image
`Texture
`Shadows
`Motion Parallax
`
`3.5.
`3.5.1.
`3.5.2.
`3.5.3.
`3.5.4.
`3.6.
`3.7.
`3.8.
`3.9.
`3.10.
`
`4.1.
`4.2.
`42.1.
`4.2.2.
`4.2.3.
`4.2.4.
`4.2.5.
`4.2.6.
`4.2.7.
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`2007 3D Report
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`Page 2 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-2
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`4.3.
`4.3.1.
`4.3.2.
`4.3.3.
`4.3.4.
`4.4.
`4.4.1.
`4.4.2.
`4.4.3.
`4.4.4.
`
`5.1.
`5.1.1.
`5.1.2.
`5.1.3.
`
`Physiological Depth Cues
`Accommodation
`Convergence
`Disparity and Parallax
`Stereopsis
`Summary of Human Depth Perception
`Depth Cues at Various Distances
`Stereoblind and Stereoanomolus Viewers
`Requirements for Left/Right Eye Image Properties
`Special Requirements Dependent on Display Technology
`4.4.4.1.
`Time-Sequential 3D Displays
`4.4.4.2. Autostereoscopic Displays
`Perspective Changes in Two-View Displays
`4.4.4.3.
`4.4.4.4. Volumetric Displays
`4.4.4.5. Conflict Between Accommodation and Convergence
`4.4.4.6.
`Border Problems
`4.4.4.7. Head Mounted Displays
`3D Image Generation
`Image Capture from Real Objects
`Capture of Still Images
`Capture of Moving 3D images
`Discussion of Issues Related to Camera Image Capture
`5.1.3.1.
`Interaxial separation
`5.1.3.2. Convergence
`5.1.3.3. Mounting systems
`Focal Length and Image Magnification
`5.1.3.4.
`Synchronization and Exposure
`5.1.3.5.
`5.1.3.6. Comments on the Relationship Between Image Capture and Display
`Image Capture by Direct Measurement of Depth
`5.1.4.
`5.1.5. Medical Image Capture
`Image Acquisition for Oil and Gas Exploration
`5.1.6.
`2D to 3D Conversion
`5.2.
`5.2.1. Motion Video or Film
`Digital or Photographic Still Images
`5.2.2.
`Computer Graphics
`5.3.
`5.3.1. Modeling
`Constructive Solid Geometry
`5.3.1.1.
`5.3.1.2. NURBS Modeling
`5.3.1.3.
`Polygonal Modeling
`5.3.1.4.
`Subdivision Surfaces
`Scene Layout Setup
`Rendering
`5.3.3.1. Open Graphics Library (OpenGL)
`5.3.3.2. Direct3D
`5.3.3.3. Comments Relating to OpenGL and Direct3D.
`Image Processing, Formats and Standards
`Introduction
`
`5.3.2.
`5.3.3.
`
`6.1.
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 3 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-3
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`7.
`
`7.1.
`7.2.
`7.2.1.
`
`Image Processing and Compression
`6.2.
`Formats
`6.3.
`Field Sequential
`6.3.1.
`Interlaced Field Sequential
`6.3.2.
`Segment and Line Sequential
`6.3.3.
`Interdigitated
`6.3.4.
`Above and Below
`6.3.5.
`Side by Side
`6.3.6.
`Dual Stream
`6.3.7.
`Stereo Ready Computers
`6.3.8.
`6.3.9. White Line Code
`Standards
`6.4.
`3D Video on DVD and Broadcast Television
`6.4.1.
`3D on the Web
`6.4.2.
`3D in the Cinema
`6.4.3.
`Other Standards Organizations and Initiatives
`6.4.4.
`Adobe Acrobat 3D
`6.4.5.
`3D Display Technology
`Introduction
`Stereoscopic Displays
`Direct View Single Display
`Active Polarizing Glasses
`7.2.1.1.
`Passive Polarizing Glasses
`7.2.1.2.
`Anaglyphic Direct View with Passive Glasses
`7.2.1.3.
`Direct View Dual Display
`StereoMin-or
`7.2.2.1.
`Stacked LCD Display
`7.2.2.2.
`Single Projector Systems
`Active Polarizing Glasses
`7.2.3.1.
`Passive Polarizing Glasses
`7.2.3.2.
`Anaglyphic Single Projector Systems with Passive Glasses
`7.2.3.3.
`Dual Projector Systems
`Passive Polarizing Glasses
`7.2.4.1.
`Anaglyphic Projection with Two Projectors and Passive Glasses
`Infitec Projection with Two Projectors and Passive Glasses
`Stereoscopic Head Mounted Displays
`Multiview Autostereoscopic 3D Displays
`Parallax Barrier
`Time Multiplexed Barrier Rib
`Lenticular Autostereoscopic Displays
`Prism Based Autostereoscopic Displays
`Multiview 3D Autostereoscopic Displays
`2D/3D Switchable Displays
`Volumetric 3D Displays
`Multiplane
`
`7.2.2.
`
`7.2.3.
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`7.2.4.
`
`7.2.5.
`7.2.6.
`7.3.
`7.4.
`7.4.1.
`7.4.2.
`7.4.3.
`7.4.4.
`7.4.5.
`7.4.6.
`7.5.
`7.5.1.
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 4 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-4
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`7.7.
`7.7.1.
`7.7.2.
`7.7.3.
`7.8.
`
`8.
`
`Rotating Image Planes
`7.5.2.
`Vibrating Membrane
`7.5.3.
`Other 3D Display Technologies
`7.6.
`7.6.1. Micro-polarizer Technology
`Holographic Displays
`7.6.2.
`Holographic "Like" Displays
`7.6.3.
`Integral Imaging
`7.6.4.
`Head Down Two-Display System
`7.6.5.
`Intuitive Surgical
`7.6.5.1.
`7.6.5.2. Kodak
`Other Ways to Display 3D Effects
`Chromostereoscopic Systems
`Pulfrich Effect
`3D Printing and Rapid Prototyping
`Navigation of 3D Images
`3D Applications and Markets
`Overview of 3D Markets
`8.1.
`Professional and Government Markets
`8.1.1.
`Consumer Markets
`8.1.2.
`8.1.3. Market Segment Analyses
`Consumer Fixed and Semi-Portable
`8.2.
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`8.2.1.
`Television
`8.2.1.1.
`8.2.1.2. Gaming
`8.2.1.3. Consumer Computer Monitors & Laptops
`Portable DVD Players
`8.2.1.4.
`8.2.1.5. Automotive and Aircraft Entertainment Systems
`8.2.1.6. Navigation Systems
`8.2.1.7. Gadgets and Toys
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.2.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.2.2.2.
`8.2.2.3. Display Requirements
`Current State of the 3D Market
`8.2.3.
`8.2.4. Market Forecasts
`Total Revenue for Consumer Fixed and Semi-Portable 3D Systems
`8.2.4.1.
`8.2.5. Major Players in This Market Segment
`Consumer Mobile systems
`8.3.
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`8.3.1.
`8.3.1.1. Cell Phones and PDAs
`Portable Media Players
`8.3.1.2.
`8.3.1.3. Hand held games
`8.3.1.4. Digital still and video cameras
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.3.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.3.2.2.
`8.3.2.3. Display Requirements
`
`8.2.2.
`
`8.3.2.
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 5 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-5
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`8.3.3.
`8.3.4.
`8.3.5.
`8.4.
`8.4.1.
`
`8.4.2.
`
`8.4.3.
`8.4.4.
`
`8.4.5.
`8.5.
`8.5.1.
`
`8.5.2.
`
`8.5.3.
`8.5.4.
`
`8.5.5.
`8.6.
`8.6.1.
`
`8.6.2.
`
`8.6.3.
`8.6.4.
`8.6.5.
`8.7.
`8.7.1.
`
`Current State of the 3D Market
`Market Forecasts
`Major Players in This Market Segment
`Digital Signage and Corporate Branding
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`8.4.1.1. Digital Signage for Information
`8.4.1.2. Consumer Advertising
`Trade Shows
`8.4.1.3.
`8.4.1.4. Corporate Branding
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.4.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.4.2.2.
`Display Requirements
`8.4.2.3.
`Current State of the 3D Market
`Market Forecasts
`Digital Signage Forecasts
`8.4.4.1.
`Trade Show and Corporate Branding
`8.4.4.2.
`8.4.4.3. Revenues from Corporate Branding, Trade Shows and Digital Signage
`Major Players in This Market Segment
`Cinema & Location Based Entertainment
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`Production and Post-Production
`8.5.1.1.
`Theatrical Presentation
`8.5.1.2.
`Location Based Entertainment
`8.5.1.3.
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.5.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.5.2.2.
`8.5.2.3. Display Requirements
`Current State of the 3D Market
`Market Forecasts
`3D Display Revenues for Cinema and Location-Based Entertainment
`8.5.4.1.
`Major Players in This Market Segment
`Medical & Dental
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`8.6.1.1. Minimally Invasive Surgery
`8.6.1.2. MR/CT and other 3D imaging technologies
`Dental
`8.6.1.3.
`8.6.1.4. Medical Training
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.6.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.6.2.2.
`8.6.2.3. Display Requirements
`Current State of the 3D Market
`Market Forecasts
`Major Players in This Market Segment
`Automotive and Other CAD Design
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`Automotive Design
`8.7.1.1.
`8.7.1.2. Aviation Design
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 6 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-6
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`8.8.2.
`
`8.7.2.
`
`8.7.1.3. Architecture, Engineering and Construction
`8.7.1.4. Other CAD Design
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.7.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.7.2.2.
`8.7.2.3. Display Requirements
`Current State of the 3D Market
`8.7.3.
`8.7.4. Market Forecasts
`8.7.5. Major Players in This Market Segment
`Data Visualization
`8.8.
`Description of the 2D and 3D market
`8.8.1.
`8.8.1.1. Computational Fluid Dynamics
`8.8.1.2. Oil and Gas Exploration
`8.8.1.3. Molecular Design & Biochemistry
`8.8.1.4. Astronomy and Astrophysics
`8.8.1.5. Geospatial analysis
`3D Requirements to Satisfy this Market
`Source Material
`8.8.2.1.
`Formats and Standards
`8.8.2.2.
`8.8.2.3. Display Requirements
`Current State of the 3D Market
`8.8.3.
`8.8.4. Market Forecasts
`Major Players in This Market Segment
`8.8.5.
`Other 3D Markets
`8.9.
`Gambling and Pinball Machines
`8.9.1.
`Other Industrial Applications
`8.9.2.
`City Planning
`8.9.3.
`8.9.4. Meteorology
`Airport Operations and Air Traffic Control
`8.9.5.
`8.9.6. Military
`Police, Fire and Security
`8.9.7.
`3D Display Market Opportunity
`Market Opportunity by Application Category
`9.1.
`Consumer
`9.1.1.
`Professional
`9.1.2.
`Market Opportunity By Display Size
`9.2.
`Small Screen
`9.2.1.
`9.2.2. Mid-Sized Screens
`Large-Screen
`9.2.3.
`Market Opportunity By Display Technology
`9.3.
`Stereoscopic
`9.3.1.
`Autostereoscopic
`9.3.2.
`Volumetric
`9.3.3.
`Total Market Opportunity
`9.4.
`Roadmaps for Future Developments
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 7 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-7
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`10.1.
`10.2.
`10.3.
`10.4.
`
`11.1.
`11.2.
`11.2.1.
`
`Image Generation
`Formats and Standards
`Display Technology
`Applications
`Appendix A: 3D Workshop
`3D Workshop Agenda
`Summary of 3D Workshop
`Summary of the Conference Sessions
`Exhibitor Highlights
`11.2.2.
`Appendix B: Profiles
`3D-IP/Cobalt Entertainment
`12.1.
`Actuality Systems, Inc.
`12.2.
`Barco
`12.3.
`Christie
`12.4.
`DDD
`12.5.
`DeepLight
`12.6.
`eMagin Corporation
`12.7.
`Fakespace Systems, Inc.
`12.8.
`Holografika
`12.9.
`1NFITEC GmbH
`12.10.
`Kodak
`12.11.
`LightSpace Technologies
`12.12.
`Lightspeed Design Group
`12.13.
`NewSight (X3D Technologies (DDD), 4D-Vision, Opticality)
`12.14.
`NuVision (MacNaughton, Inc.)
`12.15.
`NVIDIA Corporation
`12.16.
`Ocuity
`12.17.
`Pavonine Inc
`12.18.
`Philips 3D Solutions
`12.19.
`Planar Systems - Fergason Patent Properties
`12.20.
`RealD (StereoGraphics)
`12.21.
`Seereal Technologies GmbH
`12.22.
`Sensio
`12.23.
`Sharp
`12.24.
`TDVision Systems
`12.25.
`VirTra Systems
`12.26.
`Appendix C: Companies in 3D
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 8 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-8
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Table of Figures
`Figure 1: Typical Stereoscopic HDTV Camera from 21st Century 3D
`Figure 2: Total 3D Market Opportunity Forecast
`Figure 3: Example of Interposition
`Figure 4: Example of Linear Perspective
`Figure 5: Example of Aerial Perspective
`Figure 6: Image Size Effect on Perceived Distance
`Figure 7: Second Example of Image Size
`Figure 8: Texture Effect on Perceived Distance
`Figure 9: lst Example of Shadows
`Figure 10: ri Example of Shadows
`Figure 11: Schematic of motion parallax
`Figure 12: Accommodation of the Eye for Focal Distance
`Figure 13: Left/right eye convergence
`Figure 14: Disparity Between the Eyes
`Figure 15: Parallax Between the Eyes
`Figure 16: Left and Right Eye Produce Different Views
`Figure 17: Left and Right Eyes Cover Different Field of Views
`Figure 18: Importance of Depth Cues at Various Distances
`Figure 19: Perspective Changes as Viewing Position Changes
`Figure 20: Sill Image Capture
`Figure 21: Pentax 430RS 3D-enabled Camera and Viewer
`Figure 22: 3D Film Cameras
`Figure 23: Two Video Camera Integrated Systems (APEC)
`Figure 24: Integrated Two Camera System (21st Century 3D 3DVX3)
`Figure 25: Unintegrated Two-Camera Systems Made from Two Standard Cameras
`Figure 26: One Camera Twin Lens System
`Figure 27: One Camera, One Lens with Adaptor
`Figure 28: Convergence Accomplished by Sensor Translation
`Figure 29: Convergence Accomplished by Camera Rotation
`Figure 30: Graphic Media Research Pokescope
`Figure 31: Product offered by Stereo Concepts, Inc
`Figure 32: Principle of Operation of the ZCam
`Figure 33: Image and Gray Level Depth Map Produced by the ZCam
`Figure 34: Time of Flight Depth Measurement
`Figure 35: Structured Light Systems (Solutionix Rexcan 560)
`Figure 36: Principle used in Commercial Products such as (TC)2NX12 3D Body Scanner
`Figure 37: Hospital CAT Scanner
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 9 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-9
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Figure 38: Internal Details of a CAT Scanner
`Figure 39: CAT Scan of a Skull
`Figure 40: Dental CT Scanner from Planmeca
`Figure 41: Use of a 3D Pointer in an Immersive Environment.
`Figure 42: DDD's Tri Def Vision+ System
`Figure 43: Lenticular Sheets
`Figure 44: An Illustration of the Steps in 2D to 3D Conversion
`Figure 45: Perspective Projection
`Figure 46: Model A Stereo Demultiplexer (3DTV Corp)
`Figure 47: Field Sequential Imagery
`Figure 48: Interlaced Raster
`Figure 49: The VRex Alternating Polarizer Approach
`Figure 50: The Left and Right Images Alternate Between Odd and Even Columns
`Figure 51: The Above and Below Format
`Figure 52: The Side by Side Format
`Figure 53: Variations of the Side-by Side Format
`Figure 54: Example of Dual Stream Video
`Figure 55: The White Line Code
`Figure 56: The ATTEST Approach
`Figure 57: Further Details of the ATTEST Approach
`Figure 58: Schematic of Direct View System with Active Glasses
`Figure 59: NuVision CRT with a Polarization Switch and Passive Glasses
`Figure 60: 3D Display with Segmented Switchable Polarizers
`Figure 61: Anaglyph 3D Image without Glasses
`Figure 62: StereoMirror 3D Display from Planar
`Figure 63: NuVision 3D Display with Stacked LCDs
`Figure 64: Photograph of the Polaris Stacked LCD 3D Display
`Figure 65: Schematic of an Unmodified Projection System with Active Glasses
`Figure 66: Schematic of a Single Projector Installation with Passive Glasses
`Figure 67: Anaglyph 3D Display and Sample Glasses
`Figure 68: Schematic of a Two Projector Installation with Passive Glasses
`Figure 69: Operation of Passive Glasses in an Infitec System
`Figure 70: Examples of Head Mounted 3D Displays
`Figure 71: Boom Mounted 3D Display
`Figure 72: Electronic 3D Binoculars for Simulators
`Figure 73: Virtual See-through HMDs
`Figure 74: Image Arrangement for a 2-View Autostereoscopic Display
`Figure 75: Schematic of a Barrier Rib Autostereoscopic Display
`
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 10 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-10
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Figure 76: Sweet Spots in an Autostereoscopic Display
`Figure 77: Schematic of a Time-Multiplexed Barrier Rib Autostereoscopic Display
`Figure 78: Autostereoscopic Display with Lenslets
`Figure 79: Autostereoscopic Display with Lenslets Tilted
`Figure 80: NEC Autostereoscopic Display with 2X Horizontal Resolution
`Figure 81: Sample Image on the NEC Autostereoscopic Cell Phone Display
`Figure 82: Multiview Autostereoscopic Display With Beamsplitters from SeeReal
`Figure 83: Head Tracking in a Prism-Based Autostereoscopic Display
`Figure 84: Viewing Areas in a Philips Multiview Display
`Figure 85: Operation of a Switchable 2D13D Autostereoscopic Display
`Figure 86: Schematic of a DepthCube Volumetric Display
`Figure 87: Volumetric 3D Display with a Rotating LED Array
`Figure 88: 3D Display with a Rotating Helical Screen
`Figure 89: Perspecta 3D Display with Rotating Screen
`Figure 90: Operation of SpaceGraph 3D Display
`Figure 91: Real-time Holographic Display
`Figure 92: Zebra Imaging Holographic Printer
`Figure 93: Holografika Multi-View Display
`Figure 94: Creation of Integral Imaging Multi-View Image
`Figure 95: Display of an Integral Imaging Multi-View Image
`Figure 96: da Vinci Surgical System from Intuitive Surgical
`Figure 97: Kodak Monocentric Display
`Figure 98: Schematic of a Chromostereoscopic System
`Figure 99: Disposable Paper ChromaDepth Glasses
`Figure 100: Chromostereoscopic Image
`Figure 101: ColorCode Chromostereoscopic Image
`Figure 102: Disposable Paper Pulfrich Glasses
`Figure 103: Z Corporation ZPrinter 310+ 3D Printer
`Figure 104: Items Printed by Z Corporation 3D Printers
`Figure 105: Architectural Model Printed by Contex DESIGNmate 3D Printers
`Figure 106: 2D Mouse From Logitech
`Figure 107: 3D Navigation tool from 3Dconnexion
`Figure 108: 3D Mouse from Sandio Technology Corporation
`Figure 109: HandsOn 3D Pen with Haptic Feedback
`Figure 110: Typical 3D Market Forecast
`Figure 111: 3D Professional Market Segments
`Figure 112: 3D Market Applications from the DCAJ
`Figure 113: Side-by-Side Usage of 2D and 3D Monitors
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 11 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-11
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Figure 114: H3D Bundle from Amazon.Com for $99.99
`Figure 115: 3D HDTV Camera from PaceHD Used by the NBA
`Figure 116: 2D TV Systems Sold World Wide
`Figure 117: Game Consoles Sold World Wide
`Figure 118: Neurok 22" iZ3D Monitor
`Figure 119: Sales of PCs in the US According to the CEA
`Figure 120: Portable DVD Player Sales Worldwide
`Figure 121: Worldwide Sales of In-Vehicle Displays for Entertainment
`Figure 122: Handheld Transportable and OEM Navigation System Unit Sales
`Figure 123: Automotive HUD Sales
`Figure 124: Frepar Networks 3D Toy Displays
`Figure 125: Typical Digital Picture Frame with Remote
`Figure 126: 3D TV Systems Sold World Wide
`Figure 127: 3D TV Retail Revenues
`Figure 128: Consumer 3D Fixed and Semi-Portable Revenues
`Figure 129: Sample Images from NEC Survey
`Figure 130: Application Results from NEC Survey
`Figure 131: Sales of Cell Phone Handsets
`Figure 132: Sales of Personal Media Players
`Figure 133: Images from Handheld Games
`Figure 134: Estimated Worldwide Unit Sales of Handheld Games
`Figure 135: Two 3D Systems from Loreo
`Figure 136: StereoVision VuCam
`Figure 137: Sony PSP Modified by SeoulTek
`Figure 138: Estimated Worldwide Unit Sales of Digital Still and Video Cameras
`Figure 139: Estimated Worldwide Unit Sales of Handheld Devices
`Figure 140: Estimated Worldwide Unit Sales of 3D Handheld Devices
`Figure 141: Estimated Worldwide Revenues from sales of 3D Handheld Devices
`Figure 142: Estimated Worldwide Revenue to 3D Service Providers
`Figure 143: Long Island Railroad Signage at Penn Station, New York
`Figure 144: Digital Signage Industry Structure
`Figure 145: LG Autostereoscopic Digital Signage Display at CES 2007
`Figure 146: Bed Head Global Launch
`Figure 147: Bed Head 3D Glasses
`Figure 148: Revenues from Digital Signage
`Figure 149: Total Revenues from Digital Signage
`Figure 150: Estimated Revenues from Sales of Digital Signage 3D Displays
`Figure 151: Estimated Unit Sales of Digital Signage 3D Displays
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`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 12 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-12
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Figure 152: Trade Show Booths WW using 3D Displays
`202
`Figure 153: Corporate Branding Events WW Using 3D Displays
`202
`Figure 154: 3D Display Revenue from Trade Show and Corporate Branding Events
`203
`Figure 155: 3D Display Revenues for Digital Signage, Trade Shows & Corporate Branding 204
`Figure 156: Films Exhibited in 3D
`208
`Figure 157: Worldwide Screens for Film and Digital Cinema
`212
`Figure 158: Film and Digital Cinema Screens in the US
`213
`Figure 159: 3D Cinema Screens in the US and Worldwide
`214
`Figure 160: Location-Based Entertainment Large Screen 3D Venues Worldwide
`216
`Figure 161: 3D Display Revenues for Large Venue Entertainment
`217
`Figure 162: Surgical 3D HMD from Viking Systems
`220
`Figure 163: Dental CT Systems in the US
`221
`Figure 164: 2D Slice of a Mandible
`222
`Figure 165: Sample Image from Edinburgh Anatomy Set
`223
`Figure 166: Sample Image from EAI Database
`223
`Figure 167: Penetration of 3D Displays into Medical and Dental Applications
`226
`Figure 168: Total Unit Sales of 3D Displays into Medical and Dental Applications
`228
`Figure 169: Total Market Opportunity for 3D Displays for Medical and Dental Applications 229
`Figure 170: Estimated Number of 3D CAD Seats World Wide
`232
`Figure 171: Ferrari 3D Design on a 2D Screen
`233
`Figure 172: Boeing 7E7 Assembly
`234
`Figure 173: Boeing 777 Design Review
`235
`Figure 174: Fakespace Transportable 3D Display for Northrop-Grumman
`235
`Figure 175: Surgeon with HMD made with Rapid Prototyping Technology
`237
`Figure 176: Estimated Sales of 3D Displays in the Automotive Industry
`239
`Figure 177: Total Estimated Sales of 3D Displays for All CAD Applications
`239
`Figure 178: Total Estimated PLM Software Revenues
`240
`Figure 179: CAVE System at the University of Vermont
`242
`Figure 180: Barco VR-Workroom Visualization System
`245
`Figure 181: 3D and 2D Visualization Systems at the Scripps Visualization Center
`246
`Figure 182: Relative Costs of Aerodynamic Design Techniques
`247
`Figure 183: Fakespace Tiled 3D Display at Los Alamos National Laboratory
`247
`Figure 184: Molecular Interactions Modeled by the Theoretical Biophysics Group at UIUC 249
`Figure 185: A Supernova Rendered at Various Scales
`250
`Figure 186: Zeiss C120 Analytical Plotter
`251
`Figure 187: GeoWall Two-Projector Installation
`256
`Figure 188: Unit Sales in the US of 3D Displays for Visualization
`257
`Figure 189: Revenue in the US for Sales of 3D Displays for Visualization
`258
`
`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 13 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-13
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Figure 190: Worldwide Revenue for Sales of 3D Displays for Visualization
`Figure 191: Orbitor-1 Backglass
`Figure 192: Aramis Measurement System from GOM
`Figure 193: Radar Data for Hurricane Wind Speeds
`Figure 194: Display Sizes as % of DOD Military Market in 1999
`Figure 195: Situational Awareness Training for Dismounted Infantry from Quantum3D
`Figure 196: See-Around HMD from Liteye in Operational Use
`Figure 197: Baggage Inspection System to Produce a 3D Image
`Figure 198: Thermal Imaging and HMD System from Total Fire Group
`Figure 199: Market Opportunity Forecast for Consumer 3D Displays
`Figure 200: Market Opportunity Forecast for Professional 3D Displays
`Figure 201: Market Opportunity Forecast for Small-Screen 3D Displays
`Figure 202: Market Opportunity Forecast for Mid-Sized 3D Displays
`Figure 203: Market Opportunity Forecast for Large-Screen 3D Displays
`Figure 204: Market Opportunity Forecast for Stereoscopic 3D Displays
`Figure 205: Market Opportunity Forecast for Autostereoscopic 3D Displays
`Figure 206: Total Market Opportunity Forecast for 3D Displays
`
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`
`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 14 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-14
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`Table of Tables
`Table 1: 3D Display Technology vs Application
`Table 2: 3D Market Segments Ranked by Forecast Size in 2011
`Table 3: 3D Market Segments Ranked by Forecast Size in 2010
`Table 4: Nearest and Farthest Objects for Good 3D Imaging
`Table 5: Formats Supported by Adobe Acrobat 3D
`Table 6: Active Glasses - Unmodified Direct View Display
`Table 7: Passive Polarizing Glasses Active Polarization Switch on Direct View Display
`Table 8: StereoMirror 3D Display
`Table 9: Active Glasses with Unmodified Single Projector Display
`Table 10: Passive Polarizing Glasses - Active Polarization Switch on Single Projector
`Table 11: Passive Polarizing Glasses - Passively Modified Dual Projector
`Table 12: Summary: Passive Chromatic Glasses - Infitec
`Table 13: Head Mounted Displays
`Table 14: Multiview Parallax 3D displays
`Table 15: Multiplane Multiview Volumetric 3D Displays
`Table 16: Rotating Multiview Volumetric 3D Displays
`Table 17: ChromaDepth 3D displays
`Table 18: A Comparison Of Principle Approaches To 3D Displays
`Table 19: Internal 3D Market
`Table 20: 2007-2011 Growth Rates for Digital Signage
`Table 21: Location Based Entertainment Venues
`Table 22: Diagnostic Medical Imaging
`Table 23: US High-End Visualization Systems
`Table 24: Typical Geospatial Analysis Projects from Aero-Metric Inc.
`Table 25: 3D Displays for Visualization Expected Growth (US)
`Table 26: 3D Display Markets Ranked by Size in 2010
`Table 27: 3D Display Markets Segment Summary
`Table 28: Company Involvement Codes
`Table 29: Companies with Known Involvement in 3D
`
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`
`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 15 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-15
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`2. Introduction
`
`First, let's be clear what type of 3D technology this report covers. It does not cover the
`shading and rendering techniques used in graphics design, games and many applications to give
`the illusion of 3D on a 2D image. In this report, we will cover display technologies that create a
`more lifelike 3D image. These include stereoscopic 3D, volumetric 3D and holographic
`technology to create 3D images.
`Stereoscopic 3D has a long history, almost as long as the history of photography itself. The
`first developments in Stereoscopy were made by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1838. Since then,
`stereoscopic imaging has been used for still images, movies and video.
`3D imaging has been the subject of fads through the years, most notably the brief fad for 3D
`movies in the mid 1950's. It has also been the subject for considerable "hype" and exaggerated
`forecasts of its future.
`This report will cover the entire field of the electronic display of 3D images, focusing
`especially on the displays themselves. The report also covers the image generation, formats,
`transmission technologies and standards for 3D electronic images. Finally, the current and future
`professional and consumer markets for 3D imaging will be discussed and forecasts made for the
`sales of 3D displays through 2011. Through all this, we will try to avoid the hype and the
`exaggerated forecasts and take a hard-headed and realistic look at what currently exists in this
`field and what is likely to exist in the future.
`Recent significant developments in stereoscopic 3D display technology have removed some
`of the objections of users and other barriers to the wider use of stereoscopic 3D displays. In
`addition, advances in computer graphics hardware and software have dramatically broadened the
`available source material. Therefore, Insight Media feels stereoscopic 3D displays invite a fresh
`new look at their viability in the professional and consumer marketplaces.
`
`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 16 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-16
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`3. Executive Summary
`
`Several factors have limited the acceptance of 3D displays in professional and consumer
`markets:
`
`The high-quality rendering of 3D objects onto 2D displays by modem visualization
`software
`Poor image quality of 3D displays compared to 2D displays
`Eye fatigue, eye strain and other negative physiological and psychological effects of
`3D displays
`The limited availability and quality of 3D content
`3D displays have been inconvenient to use
`3D displays have been expensive
`This first issue is perhaps a key but unrecognized issue for the 3D display industry. When
`most people, especially graphics professionals, talk about "3D" they mean 3D rendered for 2D
`displays. Modem software does this so well that most graphics applications have no need of
`stereoscopic 3D displays.
`In applications where stereoscopic vision was essential, such as photogrammy, the problems
`with older 3D displays were accepted. For other applications, especially consumer applications,
`3D has been the realm of the hobbyist and enthusiast. Another factor limiting the use of 3D
`displays is that even when an application could make good use of 3D, an estimated 80% of
`operator time is spent on 2D tasks, which are difficult to perform on the 3D display.
`New display technologies have arrived, or are arriving, that eliminate most of the problems
`associated with 3D displays and will enable their wider use. These display technologies have 2D
`and 3D image quality comparable to normal 2D professional and consumer displays.
`This ability for displays to show 2D professional and consumer content with the same image
`quality and the same viewing comfort as LCD monitors and TVs will be a key to the acceptance
`of these displays where 3D is desirable but not critical to performing tasks. Even if the 3D
`functions of the display are used only occasionally, they are available at need and do not
`interfere with the normal 2D use of the display.
`This 2D13D switchability is deemed to be a key element in the acceptance and proliferation
`of 3D displays and applications.
`
`3.1. Human Factors of 3D
`Human depth perception draws on a wide variety of inputs, as documented in section 4 of
`this report. Most of these depth clues are available even on 2D displays, as documented in
`Section 4.2. When 3D objects are rendered and displayed on 2D displays, the rendering software
`typically maximizes these depth cues to make the displayed object look 3D. One depth cue in
`particular, motion parallax, is maximized by keeping the object to be displayed in continuous
`
`2007 3D Report
`
`Page 17 of 382
`
`©2007 Insight Media
`
`REALD INC.
`Exhibit 2181-17
`MASTERIMAGE 3D, et al. v REALD INC.
`IPR2015-00035
`
`

`
`Insight Media
`
`www.insightmedia.info
`
`3
`
`Application
`CAD Visualization
`CAD Workstations
`Cinema
`Location-based entertainment
`Television
`Gaming, monitors and laptops for consume