Ulllted States Patent [19]
`Imamura
`
`[54] PASSIVE MATRIX LCD WITH DRIVE
`CIRCUITS AT BOTH ENDS OF THE SCAN
`ELECTRODE APPLYING EQUAL
`AMPLITUDE VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
`SIMULTANEOUSLY T0 EACH END
`
`Inventor: Yoichi Imamura, SllWa, Japan
`
`[73] Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation, Tokyo,
`Japan
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 08/026,234
`22 F1 d:
`M .2 1993
`[
`1
`1 6
`ar ’
`Related US Application Data
`
`[63] Continuation of application No. 07/783,728, Oct. 28, 1991,
`abandoned, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/391,593, Jul. 10, 1989, abandoned.
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`[30]
`
`Nov. 10, 1987
`[JP]
`Japan ................................ .. 62-284025
`001. 27, 1988
`[JP]
`Japan
`...... .. 63-271229
`Nov. 9, 1988 [W0] WIPO ..................... .. PCT/JP88/01126
`
`G09G 3/36; 6096 5/00
`[51] Int- Cl? ~~
`345/100; 345/94; 345/204
`[52] U-S- Cl- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --
`[58] Field of Search ............................ .. 345/211—214, 90,
`345/87> 92> 93> 94> 97> 98> 99> 100> 204>
`205’ 206’ 208; 359/85’ 59
`References Cited
`
`[56]
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`US006091392A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`6,091,392
`Jul. 18, 2000
`
`1/1984 Hareng et al. .......................... .. 345/87
`4,427,997
`4,789,857 12/1988 Maurice ....... ..
`345/93
`4,803,480
`2/1989 Soneda et al. ........................ .. 345/100
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`~
`10/1986 European Pat~
`0 197
`0 260 747 3/1988 European Pat. Off. .
`36 30 012 4/1987 Germany .
`2 O81 O18 2/1982 United Kingdom .
`2 183 054 5/1987 United Kingdom .
`
`Primary Examiner—Jeffery Brier
`Assistant Examiner—Paul A. Bell
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The present invention is directed to a ?at display device and
`the driving method thereof having a plurality of display
`picture elements Which are defined by liquid crystal C61]
`.
`.
`.
`Pomons formed F’etween the Scanmng and the slgnal elec'
`trodes arranged In the form of a matrix wherein at least
`scanning electrodes of said scanning and signal electrodes
`are driven from both terminals of the electrodes by indi
`Vidua] driving Circuiis_ Acircuii is aiso inciuded that Creates
`a short circuit across the electrode thus protecting the ?at
`display panel from degradation due to excessive current
`?owing across the panel before the voltage Waveform is
`stabilized.
`
`4,346,378
`
`8/1982 Shanks .................................... .. 345/98
`
`14 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
`
`YD
`FR
`XSCI.
`XD
`
`LP
`
`SHIFT Ré‘G/STfR
`
`LATCH
`
`LEI/£1. S/l/FTER
`
`DEA/ER
`
`
`
`LEVEL 560F762
`
`DR/ l/ER
`
`LEI/EL SH/FTé'R
`
`LATCH
`
`(A)
`
`JW/FT PEG/5725B
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 1 of 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 18,2000
`
`Sheet 1 of3
`
`6,091,392
`
`INH
`
`YD
`F R
`XSC L
`XD
`
`LP
`
`LEI/EL SH/FTER
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`DE/ l/E/Q
`
`DR/ VER
`
`LEI/EL SH/FTé'R
`
`4.
`3
`
`670/7‘ PEG/$7252 2
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 2 of 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 18,2000
`
`Sheet 2 of3
`
`6,091,392
`
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`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`|PR201 5-00021
`Page 3 of8
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 3 of 8
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 18,2000
`
`Sheet 3 of3
`
`6,091,392
`
`F/G34
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`|PR201 5-00021
`Page 4 of8
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 4 of 8
`
`

`

`1
`PASSIVE MATRIX LCD WITH DRIVE
`CIRCUITS AT BOTH ENDS OF THE SCAN
`ELECTRODE APPLYING EQUAL
`AMPLITUDE VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
`SIMULTANEOUSLY TO EACH END
`
`This is a continuation of application Serial No. 07/783,
`728, ?led Oct. 28, 1991, noW abandoned Which, is a con
`tinuation of application Ser. No. 07/391,593, ?led on Jul. 10,
`1989, for FLAT DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF
`DRIVING THE SAME, and noW abandoned.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates to a ?at liquid crystal display
`device, and more particularly to a ?at display device having
`a plurality of display elements Which are de?ned by liquid
`crystal cell portions formed betWeen the scanning and the
`signal electrodes arranged in the form of a matrix and the
`method of driving the ?at display device. In particular, the
`present invention-relates to a driving method Which is
`effective for the improvement of the display quality in the
`?at display device.
`One method for driving a ?at display panel is shoWn in
`Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 38935/78 and Japanese
`Patent Laid-Open No. 52686/83. This method discloses a
`driving circuit connected to one end of transparent elec
`trodes in order to drive a display panel.
`HoWever, in the above-mentioned prior art, since large
`capacity dot matrix type liquid crystal panels are required in
`many applications, the transparent electrodes increase in
`length and Width. The electrode resistance, R, and
`capacitance, C, across the terminal of the driving circuit to
`the end of the electrode increases. This increase results in
`degradation of the display. For example, When the liquid
`crystal panel has 640x400 dots and is driven at a duty ratio
`of 1/200, R=10~60 K9, and C=800~2000 pF.
`When the driving Waveform changes, there is a delay
`period of up to several tens of psec. in Which the display
`elements stabiliZe. This delay time is signi?cant relative to
`one scanning period (60780 us). Due to the delay time, the
`effective driving voltage applied to the respective display
`elements varies during stabiliZation from the predetermined
`value obtained by the voltage standard method. As a result,
`unevenness of color contrast occurs, as shoWn in FIG. 2. The
`quality of the display is reduced so much that it may be
`dif?cult to distinguish the non-selected and selected regions.
`FIG. 2 shoWs one embodiment of the prior art Wherein
`unevenness of color contrast is generated betWeen the non
`selected regions 11 and 12 When every other horiZontal lines
`is ON. As shoWn in the upper side of the portion 11, When
`there are a large number of signal electrodes 14 and every
`other horiZontal line is in the ON state, the display is too
`light. In the upper side of the portion 12, When there are
`feWer signal electrodes 15 and every other horiZontal line is
`in the ON state, the display is too dark. The color contrast
`is likely to be more even When the resistance of the scanning
`electrodes is high.
`Increasing the thickness of the electrodes in order to
`reduce the resistance is ineffectual because of the inferior
`alignment and increased cost of the panel due to the reduc
`tion of the throughput in the manufacturing. Therefore, there
`is a limit to the thickness of the transparent electrodes that
`can be achieved.
`In order to eliminate the above problems, the object of the
`present invention is to drive the electrodes of the liquid
`crystal panel from both terminals thereof, thereby providing
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`2
`a ?at display device possessing a high quality display and
`little unevenness of contrast.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The ?at display device and method of driving the same
`according to the present invention has a construction in
`Which the scanning and signal electrodes are arranged in the
`form of a matrix. Display elements are formed at the
`crossing points therebetWeen. The scanning electrodes are
`driven from both terminals of the electrodes by driving
`circuits.
`According to the above method of the present invention,
`the resistance of the transparent electrodes becomes approxi
`mately one quarter the resistance of the transparent elec
`trodes When the electrodes are driven from only one side.
`The output resistance of the driving circuit become equiva
`lently one half and the effect of the voltage variation of the
`display elements is also less because the electrode is being
`driven from both terminals. Therefore, elements are not
`likely to be affected by the varying voltage, so that the
`quality of display is improved over that of the prior art.
`Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an
`improved ?at display device Which substantially reduces
`contrast problems.
`It is another object of the invention to provide an
`improved ?at display device Which applies a voltage to both
`scanning driving circuits to prevent current from ?oWing
`across the liquid crystal.
`Still other objects and advantages of the invention Will in
`part be obvious and Will in part be apparent from the
`speci?cation.
`The invention accordingly comprises the several steps and
`the relation of one or more of such steps With respect to each
`of the others, and the apparatus embodying features of
`construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of
`parts Which are adapted to effect such steps, all as exempli
`?ed in the folloWing detailed disclosure, and the scope of the
`invention Will be indicated in the claims.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is
`had to the folloWing description taken in connection With the
`accompanying draWings, in Which:
`FIG. 1 is a perspective vieW of the ?at display device in
`accordance With the present invention.
`FIG. 2 is perspective vieW illustrating the problems With
`the prior art.
`FIG. 3 is a schematic shoWing an electronic model of the
`?at display of FIG. 1.
`FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the driving circuit utiliZing
`short preventing circuitry in accordance With the present
`invention.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENT
`
`FIG. 1 shoWs a driving method according to one embodi
`ment of the present invention. The display elements are
`formed on the crossing portions betWeen the scanning and
`signal electrodes, arranged in the form of a matrix. The ?at
`display device is driven by tWo segment and scanning side
`driving circuits of the transparent electrode (i.e. ITO
`(Indium Tin Oxide)). The amplitudes of the voltages simul
`taneously applied to the both ends of the scanning and signal
`side driving circuits are equal. A shift clock input, XSCL, is
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 5 of 8
`
`

`

`6,091,392
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`15
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`input to a shift register 2. In addition, the display data, XD,
`is sWitched in parallel into shift register 2. Shift clock input,
`XSCL, is synchronized With a latch signal, LP, by a latch 3,
`and display data, XD, is converted through a level shifter 4
`and driver 5 to a liquid crystal driving Waveform having an
`amplitude equal to one of four voltage levels employed in
`the voltage standard method to either activate or deactivate
`each display element.
`FIG. 1 also illustrates the functioning of the scanning
`driving circuits. A shift register 6 receives a start pulse, YD,
`and latch signal, LP. The output of shift register 6 is
`converted to a liquid crystal driving Waveform by a level
`shifter 7 and a driver 8.
`When poWer is applied to the ?at display device (i.e.
`poWer-on), the circuits become unstable, and the output
`voltages of the tWo driving circuits Which are connected to
`each other through a transparent electrode are not equal.
`Since the liquid crystal driving voltage is 20—40 V, a current
`of several hundred pA—several mA is applied across each
`electrode during each output period. This amount of current
`causes degradation of the driving circuit and liquid crystal
`panel. Therefore a driving circuit is provided to control the
`output for a predetermined time until the Waveform of the
`driving circuit is stabilized by a prohibit signal, INH, at the
`time of poWer-on in order to create a short circuit across the
`liquid crystal panel.
`FIG. 3 is an electronic model of the driving circuit
`according to a dot matrix ?at display device of the present
`invention. In FIG. 3, 5x3 matrix panel is driven from both
`terminals of the scanning electrodes. Display element A
`signi?es the display element farthest from either terminal of
`a scanning electrode driven by a dual driving mechanism in
`accordance With the present invention. Display element B
`represents the display element farthest from the terminals of
`a scanning electrode driven by a single driving circuit in
`accordance With the prior art.
`Resistance values betWeen the driving circuit and the
`portions A and B are as folloWs:
`
`Herein, rC and r5 are the resistance betWeen display elements,
`and RC and R5 are the output resistances of the driving
`circuits. RC is greater than or equal to 1 K9. When the
`number of display elements is increased, rC increases to
`several hundred or more K9 and the value of RC becomes
`negligible. Therefore, When the number of display elements
`is increased, the resistance ratio
`approaches 1:4.
`Since the capacitor, C, coupled to the electrodes is not
`changed, the display quality obtained according to the
`driving method of the present invention is the same as that
`of the prior driving method While the resistance of the
`transparent electrodes is reduced to one quarter. Since the
`display quality of the present invention is the same as that of
`the prior art, a liquid crystal cell having tWice as many
`display elements can be realiZed While preserving the high
`resolution of the ?at display.
`FIG. 4 shoWs one embodiment of the scanning driving
`circuit. The circuitry Which is surrounded by a dotted line 42
`shoWs the driving circuits for one scanning electrode. TWo
`circuits are utiliZed for each electrode. Each circuit is
`coupled to the next and previous electrode circuits. The
`portion surrounded by the dotted line 43 shoWs circuitry
`Which utiliZes high A.C. voltages as opposed to the other
`portions of the circuit Which utiliZe digital logic. In FIG. 4,
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`a shift register Which is operated by a shift clock, SCK, is
`comprised of a D type ?ip ?op 21. Alatch signal, LP, shoWn
`in FIG. 1 is input to the shift clock, SCK. Therefore, the
`output Dn+1 is input to the D type ?ip ?op input, Dn, of the
`next electrode driving circuit in accordance With shift clock,
`SCK.
`In addition, a start pulse, YD, is input to ?ip ?op 21. The
`output of ?ip ?op 21, On is connected to the inputs I and I
`of the level shifter 23a through NOR gate 24 Which can
`force the driver output, OUT, to an equivalent electric level
`depending on the state of prohibit signal, INH. The outputs
`O and O of the level shifter are connected to the transfer
`gates 26 and 27 of a co-compensative transistor. In addition,
`the outputs,O and O, are connected to the input of the NOR
`gate 32 and NAND gate 31 respectively. NOR gate 32 and
`NAND gate 31 are utiliZed to change the non-selected
`potential to AC. The signal Which is obtained by combining
`the frame signal, FR, With prohibit signal, INH, through the
`NOR gate 36 is input to the other sides of NAND gate 31 and
`NOR gate 32 through the level shifter 23b and an invertor
`38. The outputs of NAND gate 31 and NOR gate 32 are
`connected to a transfer gate 28 of a P channel transistor and
`a transfer gate 29 of an N channel transistor, respectively to
`control the output of the non-selected levels V1 and V4.
`The selected voltages, V0 and V5 are multiplexed by the
`transfer gate 40 of the P channel transistor and the transfer
`gate 41 of the N channel transistor. The output O of the level
`shifter 23b acts as a gate input to each transistor. In addition
`level shifter 23b outputs, O and O are also connected to the
`gates of co-compensative transistors 26 and 27.
`When only the output, On, of shift register 21 is high,
`transfer gates 26 and 27 are conductive and the “select”
`voltage level is transmitted to the output, OUT. When
`prohibit signal, INH, is high, transfer gates 26 and 27 are
`conductive, thus the driver output OUT remains high (i.e. V5
`or V). Therefore, When the ?at display device and thus the
`driving circuit is ON, and prohibit signal, INH, is high, the
`outputs of drivers 8, OUT, are at the same voltage level, so
`that current cannot ?oW across the electrode and damage the
`liquid crystal. As a matter of course, the level of the
`equivalent voltage potential need not be only V5 but can also
`be V0, V1, V4 or high impedance. Further, it is possible to
`implement this dual driving circuit for the signal electrodes
`also.
`On the other hand, if the driving method of the present
`invention has TAB construction Wherein a semiconductor IC
`is used for driving and bonded to ?exible tape or COG (Chip
`On Glass) construction, the driving circuits are connected to
`both terminals of the liquid crystal cell and are stored easily.
`In particular, COG construction is superior in that there are
`Wires betWeen the driving circuit and electrodes, and the
`connecting resistance is kept to a minimum.
`Furthermore, even if the driving method of the present
`invention is only applied to the scanning electrodes, such a
`construction is effective in preventing the phenomenon
`shoWn in FIG. 2. Since the amplitude of the driving voltage
`of the scanning electrodes is about 5 to 10 times larger than
`that of the signal electrodes, the delay time during charge
`and discharge is likely to effect the display quality. This
`method is most suitable for color liquid crystal cells Which
`have narroW electrode pitches.
`In addition, the resistance of the signal electrodes can also
`be reduced by utiliZing thicker transparent electrode ?lms or
`by coupling a different metal having loW resistance to the
`transparent electrodes, so that the resistance of the scanning
`electrodes is reduced equivalently. The display quality can
`be improved in this manner Without great cost.
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 6 of 8
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`

`6,091,392
`
`5
`A simple matrix type LCD in the ?at display device is
`explained above. The deterioration of the display quality
`Which may be generated is dependent on the resistance of the
`display electrodes. This can be improved by the method of
`the present invention. Therefore, the method of the present
`invention is Widely applicable for active type liquid crystal
`displays having TFT (thin ?lm transistor) or MIM (metal
`insulator-metal), or for ?at display till PDP (plasma display
`panel) Wherein much current ?oWs or ELD (electro
`luminescence display).
`As mentioned above, in accordance With the present
`invention, since the transparent electrode resistances are
`reduced to one quarter, this method of driving has the
`folloWing advantages.
`First, in the case of a passive type matrix liquid crystal
`cell, the voltage applied to a liquid crystal cell approaches a
`predetermined value Which is obtained by the voltage stan
`dardiZing method. Even if the display device has loW or
`moderate capacitance and is driven by a tWo-frame A.C.
`driving method, it is possible to obtain a high contrast
`display.
`Secondly, a large scale panel display having ?ne pitch can
`be obtained Without deterioration of the display quality.
`In addition, since it is not necessary to excessively reduce
`the output resistance of the driving circuit, it is possible to
`use an IC having more pins and at a loWer cost than those
`utiliZed in the prior art.
`Finally, since the present invention utiliZes thin
`electrodes, it is possible to obtain ?at display panels Which
`are loW in cost.
`It Will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among
`those made apparent from the preceding description, are
`ef?ciently attained and, since certain changes may be made
`in carrying out the above method and in the constructions set
`forth Without departing from the spirit and scope of the
`invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the
`above description and shoWn in the accompanying draWings
`shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
`It is also to be understood that the folloWing claims are
`intended to cover all of the generic and speci?c features of
`the invention herein described and all statements of the
`scope of the invention Which, as a matter of language, might
`be said to fall therebetWeen.
`What is claimed is:
`1. A ?at panel liquid crystal display device having a
`plurality of display picture elements de?ned by a plurality of
`essentially parallel scanning electrodes on a ?rst substrate
`each having ?rst and second terminals on opposite sides
`thereof and a plurality of essentially parallel signal elec
`trodes on a second opposed substrate each having ?rst and
`second terminals on opposite sides thereof, the scanning and
`signal electrodes being arranged to be essentially orthogonal
`to each other and a liquid crystal material betWeen the
`substrates, the picture elements de?ned by intersections of
`scanning and signal electrodes and rendered visible by a
`predetermined voltage difference therebetWeen being
`arranged in the form of a matrix, comprising ?rst driving
`circuit means connected to the ?rst terminals of said scan
`ning electrodes and second driving circuit means connected
`to the second terminals of said scanning electrodes and
`means for generating control signals applied to said ?rst and
`second driving circuit means, said ?rst and second driving
`circuit means being controlled in the same Way by the same
`control signals to simultaneously apply the same driving
`voltage Waveform having essentially the same voltage
`amplitude to each of the ?rst and second terminals associ
`ated With at least one scanning electrode at least When a
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`picture element associated With said at least one scanning
`electrode is to be rendered visible, Whereby essentially the
`same voltage amplitude is simultaneously applied to each of
`said ?rst and second terminal associated With at least one
`scanning electrode to drive said display device element.
`2. A ?at display device claimed in claim 1, said signal
`electrodes having ?rst and second terminals on opposite
`sides thereof further comprising third driving circuit means
`connected to the ?rst terminals of said signal electrodes and
`fourth driving circuit means connected to the second termi
`nals of said signal electrodes.
`3. A ?at display device claimed in claim 2 further includ
`ing means to generate control signals applied to said third
`and fourth driving circuit means, said third and fourth
`driving circuit means being controlled in the same Way by
`the same control signals to simultaneously apply the same
`driving Waveform having essentially the same phase and
`voltage amplitude to each of the ?rst and second terminals
`of the signal electrodes.
`4. A ?at display device claimed in claim 3, Wherein said
`?rst and second driving circuit means comprise means
`Which receives an inhibit signal representative of poWer-on
`from ?rst control signals and forcibly outputs a ?rst prede
`termined voltage to both terminals of said scanning
`electrodes, and said third and fourth driving circuit means
`comprise means Which receives an inhibit signal represen
`tative of poWer-on from second control signals and forcibly
`outputs a second predetermined voltage to both terminals of
`said scanning electrodes.
`5. A ?at display device claimed in claim 4, Wherein said
`?rst driving circuit means comprises ?rst output terminals
`connected to the ?rst terminals of said scanning electrodes
`and a ?rst transistor Which outputs a predetermined level
`voltage to said ?rst output terminal, said second driving
`circuit means comprises second output terminals connected
`to the second terminals of said scanning electrodes and
`second transistor means Which outputs a predetermined level
`voltage to said second output terminals, said third driving
`circuit means comprises third output terminals connected to
`the ?rst terminals of said signal electrodes and third tran
`sistor means Which outputs a predetermined level voltage to
`said third output terminal, and said fourth driving circuit
`means comprises fourth output terminals connected to the
`second terminals of said signal electrodes and a fourth
`transistor means Which outputs a predetermined level volt
`age to said fourth output terminals.
`6. A ?at display device claimed in claim 1, further
`comprising means Which receives an inhibit signal repre
`sentative of poWer-on from said control signals, and forcibly
`supplies the same predetermined voltage to both terminals of
`said scanning electrodes for at least the duration of said
`inhibit signal.
`7. A ?at display device claimed in claim 1, Wherein said
`?rst driving circuit means comprises ?rst output terminals
`connected to said ?rst terminals of said scanning electrodes
`and ?rst transistor means Which outputs a predetermined
`level voltage to said ?rst output terminal in response to said
`control signal, and said second driving circuit means com
`prises second output terminals connected to said second
`terminals of said scanning electrodes and second transistor
`means Which outputs a predetermined level voltage to said
`second output terminal in response to said control signal.
`8. A ?at display device claimed in claim 7 or 5, Wherein
`said display device comprises a liquid crystal display device.
`9. A ?at display device claimed in claim 8, Wherein said
`scanning electrode and said signal electrodes are transpar
`ent.
`
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`6,091,392
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`7
`10. A ?at display device claimed in claim 9, Wherein said
`display device comprises a passive matrix type liquid crystal
`display device.
`11. A ?at display device having a plurality of display
`picture elements Which are de?ned by liquid crystal cell
`portions With a liquid crystal material betWeen a plurality of
`scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes
`arranged in the form of a matriX, each display picture
`element being rendered visible by a predetermined voltage
`difference betWeen a scanning electrode and signal
`electrode, each scanning and signal electrode having a ?rst
`and second terminals on opposite sides thereof, and includ
`ing separate scanning driving circuits for simultaneously
`applying the same driving voltage Waveform having essen
`tially the same voltage amplitude to each of said ?rst and
`second terminals of at least one scanning electrode to drive
`said display device element.
`12. A ?at display device claimed in claim 11, including
`separate scanning driving circuits for each applying equiva
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`lent level voltage driving signals applied simultaneously to
`both of said ?rst and second terminals of each said signal
`electrodes.
`13. A ?at display device claimed in claim 12, Wherein
`separate driving signals of the scanning driving circuit are
`set to the same voltage level to place both of said ?rst and
`second terminals of said scanning electrodes at the same ?rst
`level and said separate driving signals of the signal driving
`circuit are set to the same level to place both terminals of
`said signal electrodes at the same second voltage level.
`14. A ?at display device claimed in claim 11, Wherein
`separate driving signals of the scanning driving circuit are
`set to an equivalent voltage level and both of said ?rst and
`second terminals of said scanning electrodes are simulta
`neously placed at the equivalent level for a predetermined
`period from poWer-on of said ?at display device.
`
`Patent Owner’s Exhibit 2003
`IPR2015-00021
`Page 8 of 8
`
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