WESTERNGECO Exhibit 2049, pg. 1
`PGS v. WESTERNGECO
`IPR2014-01475
`
`

`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`Copyright © 1991 by Microsoft Press, a division of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may
`be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without
`the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
`business, school, library; and home.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-55615-231-0
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`QA76.15.M54 1991
`004. 16'03--dc20
`
`91-9904
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`56789 MLML 65432
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division
`of Canada Publishing Corporation.
`Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin Books Ltd.
`Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
`Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
`
`British Cataloging-in-Publication Data available.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Marjorie Schlaikjer
`Project Editor: Mary Ann Jones
`Technical Editors: David Rygmyr, Jeff Hinsch, Mary Dejong, Dail Magee, Jr.
`Manuscript Editor: Pamela Beason
`Copy Editor: Alice Copp Smith
`
`WESTERNGECO Exhibit 2049, pg. 2
`PGS v. WESTERNGECO
`IPR2014-01475
`
`

`
`generation
`
`geometry
`
`grabber
`
`geometry The branch of mathematics that deals
`with points, lines, angles, curves, and shapes(cid:173)
`their construction, the mathematical properties
`they represent, and their relationships in space.
`Geometry is an essential part of computer-aided
`design and graphics programs.
`geostationary See geosynchronous.
`geosynchronous In communications, the type of
`orbit maintained by a satellite that remains in a
`fixed position relative to the earth because the
`angular rate and direction of its rotation are pre(cid:173)
`cisely the same as the angular rate and direction of
`the earth's rotation.
`gl!t'm;aniUlll Element number 32 in the periodic
`often used in the fabrication of semiconduc-
`In its pure state, germanium is an insulator.
`small amounts of certain impurities, called
`are added, it becomes a semiconductor.
`is used in some diodes, transistors, and
`cells, but it has largely been replaced by sili(cid:173)
`in modern semiconductor devices. Germanium
`to heat and can be damaged by the
`required during manufacture.
`prefix meaning 1 billion, or 109.
`Pronounced either "jig-a-bite" or "gig(cid:173)
`" The precise meaning often varies with the
`strictly, a gigabyte is 1 billion bytes. In ref(cid:173)
`computers, however, bytes are often ex(cid:173)
`in multiples of powers of two. Therefore, a
`can also be either 1000 megabytes or 1024
`where a megabyte is considered to be
`1,048,576) bytes. See also kilo-.
`One billion floating-point operations per
`a measure of computer performance. See
`)atlm~-POlIlt operation.
`i\h,hnpVI"tf'O GHz. A frequency equal to
`or 1000 million cycles per second.
`garbage in, garbage out.
`raphical Kernel System.
`A transparent mask placed over the
`a video monitor to reduce or eliminate
`from the glass surface of its cathode-
`
`, usually minor. Also, a brief surge
`power.
`in the sense of being related to an
`
`entire file, document, program, or other entity. A
`global search-and-replace operation, for example,
`finds one word and replaces it with another
`throughout a document; a global variable in a pro(cid:173)
`gram is one that can be accessed by program mod(cid:173)
`ules (sections) other than the one in which the
`variable is defined. Compare local, local variable.
`global operation An operation that affects an en(cid:173)
`tire document, program, or other whole object,
`such as a disk.
`global search and replace A search-and-replace
`operation that proceeds throughout an entire
`document. ,See also search and replace.
`global variable A variable whose value can be ac(cid:173)
`cessed and modified by any statement in a pro(cid:173)
`gram. That is, the variable is visible to the entire
`including statements and functions.
`program,
`Compare local variable; see also global.
`gnomon In computer graphics, a representation of
`the three-dimensional (x,y,z) axis system.
`GOTO statement A control statement used in pro(cid:173)
`grams to transfer execution to some other state(cid:173)
`ment; the high-level equivalent of a branch or jump
`instruction. Many theoreticians and practitioners
`advise against the use of the GOTO statement in
`programs, and some languages (such as Modula-2)
`don't even have a GOTO statement. One reason to
`avoid the GOTO statement is to prevent program(cid:173)
`mers from using it as a substitute for clean, welJ(cid:173)
`thought-out design. Another problem with the
`GOTO statement is that it violates the block struc(cid:173)
`ture used by modern flow-of-control statements,
`making it difficult for compilers to generate opti(cid:173)
`mal code. See also branch instruction, jump in(cid:173)
`struction, spaghetti code.
`GPIB See general-purpose interface bus.
`grabber A device for capturing data. Most com(cid:173)
`monly, the term refers to a special type of computer
`video memory that receives graphical image data
`from a video camera or another full-motion video
`source; the hardware that captures the data and
`puts it into memory is calJed a frame grabber or
`video digitizer. Also, software that takes a "snap(cid:173)
`shot" of the currently displayed screen image by
`transferring a portion of video memory to a file on
`disk. See also video digitizer.
`
`161
`
`WESTERNGECO Exhibit 2049, pg. 3
`PGS v. WESTERNGECO
`IPR2014-01475