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`1, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, do hereby declare and state, that all statements made
`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`herein of my own knowledge are true, and that all statements made on information
`
`and belief are believed to be true; and further that these statements were made with
`
`the knowledge that willful false statements and the like so made are punishable by
`
`fine or imprisonment, or both, under Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States
`
`:$
 
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`Code.
`
`Dated: August 18, 2014
`
`
`
`Je frey S.
`
`ipperman
`
`  
`
`
`EAST\80613333.1
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`2
`
`

`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`I.
`
`BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS
`
`A.
`
`Scope of Work
`
`1.
`
`I have been asked by Patent Owner’s counsel to analyze claims 21 and
`
`36 of U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136 (“the ’ 136 patent”; Ex. 1001), and submit this
`
`Declaration in Support of Patent Owner’s Response and Motion for Amendment in
`
`the instant proceeding, in rebuttal to the Declaration of Dr. Michael D. Sidman
`
`(Ex. 1002).
`
`2.
`
`The opinions provided are my own and are based on my analysis and
`
`work in this case and the education, experience, and skills I have acquired and
`
`developed throughout my career.
`
`3.
`
`In reaching my conclusions and opinions, I have relied upon my
`
`experience and training, and my review of the evidence produced in this
`
`proceeding, and I have considered the documents and materials described in
`
`:$
 
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`  
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Petition, Patent Owner’s Preliminary Response, and the documents and
`
`information referenced in this declaration in the process of forming my opinions.
`
`4.
`
`For the time I expend on this case, I am currently being compensated
`
`at a rate of $300/hour. My compensation is not in any way dependent on the
`
`outcome of the dispute.
`
`B.
`
`5.
`
`Expertise
`
`Details of my professional qualifications and background are set out
`
`EAST\80613333.1
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`3
`
`

`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`in my curriculum vitae, a copy of which is attached as Appendix A.
`
`6.
`
`I am an independent consultant. All of my opinions stated in this
`
`declaration are based on my own personal knowledge and professional judgment.
`
`In forming my opinions, I have relied on my knowledge and experience in smart
`
`materials and systems (transducers, measurements, acoustics, vibrations,
`
`electronics, signal processing, and embedded systems); software development
`
`practices; digital signal processing and programming, including C/C++ and
`
`assembler code programming; and on the documents and information referenced in
`
`:$
 
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`
`
`this report. I am over 18 years of age and am competent to testify as to the matters
`
`set forth herein. I have attached as Appendix B a copy of my current curriculum
`
`vitae (CV), which details my education and experience. The following thus
`
`provides only a brief overview of some of my experience that is relevant to the
`
`matters set forth in this report.
`
`7.
`
`Since 1990, I have designed, developed, and deployed control systems
`
`for vibrating or acoustic systems containing electromagnetic and solid state (e. g.
`
`piezoceramic) transducers. As such, I have acquired expertise and am an expert in
`
`the areas of applied controls, piezoelectric transducers, vibrations, acoustics,
`
`electronics, signal processing, and signal analysis. I have also performed
`
`embedded systems development and programming on Texas Instruments digital
`
`signal processors, PC/104s, Aerotech SoloistTM, and Arduino platforms, using
`
`EAST\80613333.1
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`4
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`

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`Case IPR 2014-00170
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
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`various programming languages for the development, design, and deployment of
`
`those systems and products. I have been employed by or retained as a consultant,
`
`including acting as a litigation consultant, for numerous companies and firms such
`
`as Covidien, DLA Piper, Apple Computer, Wilmer Hale, Mosebach
`
`Manufacturing, Inc., MIRATECH Corporation, Siemens Government Services,
`
`Thompson, Coburn and Fagel Haber LLC, Westinghouse Electric Company,
`
`National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Brashear LP, NASA Langley
`
`Research Center, Duke University, and Sandia National Laboratory.
`
`8.
`
`As my curriculum vitae shows, I have spent the past 24 years as an
`
`:$
 
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`
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`
`
`applied researcher. The early part of my career (1990-1997) was spent as Graduate
`
`Project Assistant, Research Associate, or an Assistant Research Professor. During
`
`this time, I have had numerous occasions to develop or review bodies of source
`
`code for digital devices. I have developed or analyzed source code written in
`
`C/C++, Assembler languages, and MATLAB. Various algorithms related to noise
`
`and vibration control were implemented. The goals of active control are similar to
`
`those of Coriolis flow meters. The phase and amplitude of harmonic signals are
`
`adapted to create a signal that is out of phase to achieve vibration control through
`
`superposition (feedforward) or feedback control. As such, the goal was to
`
`minimize vibration, rather than increasing or causing vibration, as with Coriolis
`
`flow meters. These goals have similarities. For example, feedforward vibration
`
`EAST\80613333.1
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`5
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`

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`Case IPR 2014-00170
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
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`control is achieved when the control input creates a response that has a particular
`
`phase relationship to that of the disturbing input (180 degrees out of phase).
`
`9.
`
`I continue to develop code. For example, I developed a sun avoidance
`
`routine that controls large aperture research telescopes and most recently, I have
`
`been involved in the development of a noise classifier that was implemented on an
`
`embedded Linux platform that has a become a commercial product.
`
`10. During my career as a professor (1997-present), I have several
`
`relevant professional experiences that demonstrate my expertise in the field of
`
`applied control. For example, I have publicly lectured regarding the development
`
`of piezoceramic transducer systems for exciting structural vibration while
`
`performing health monitoring as well as various feedback and adaptive
`
`feedforward control algorithms used to adapt phase and amplitude to achieve
`
`structural control. I have also been involved in the development of generators to
`
`:$
 
`2
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`  
`
`
`
`
`drive a thermoacoustic refrigerator (TAR) on resonance in various ways, including
`
`using phase locked loops (PLL), which include PID control loops. Similar
`
`approaches have been used for Coriolis flow meters. The goal of the PLL control
`
`was to drive the phase relationship between the acoustic pressure and speaker
`
`velocity to a certain phase relationship, much like the positive feedback or PLL
`
`control approaches in Coriolis mass flow meters.
`
`11.
`
`In the early to mid 2000s I also developed and demonstrated active
`
`EAST\80613333.1
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`6
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`

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`Case IPR 2014-00170
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
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`transducers for energy systems through funding from the US Dept. of Energy,
`
`including a piezoelectrically MEMS (microelectromechanical system) microvalve
`
`used to meter the hydrogen fuel inside of fuel cells. I also completely developed
`
`and fabricated a high-pressure, high-temperature electromagnetically activated
`
`valve for gas turbine engines that can restore equivalence ratios when the fuel
`
`orifices wear. They were also fast enough to provide active combustion control.
`
`12.
`
`I have also implemented various feedback approaches, including PID,
`
`robust, and optimal control designs. I have also taught for many years in the areas
`
`of computer programming, mechanical measurements, vibrations, acoustics, signal
`
`analysis, dynamic systems, and controls. These courses include significant
`
`:$
 
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` 
`  
`
`
`
`
`amounts of material on electronics and transducers. In addition, I have taught short
`
`courses on active control and measurement and analysis of vibration and acoustic
`
`signals.
`
`13.
`
`I have performed system programming assignments with the
`
`following operating systems or platforms: MS-DOS, Windows, embedded Linux,
`
`and a real time kernel written by a colleague for Texas Instruments TMS320 series
`
`of digital signal processors.
`
`14.
`
`I have authored over 100 technical publications from which at least
`
`nine (9) are representative publications relevant to the technology at issue. For
`
`example:
`
`EAST\80613333.1
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`7
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`

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`
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`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`a)
`
`Bucci, B., Cole, D., Ludwick, S., Vipperman, J.S., “A Nonlinear
`
`Control Algorithm for Reducing Settling Time in High-Precision Point
`
`to Point Motion,” IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology,
`
`Issue 99, 10.1109/TCST.2012.2206812, Sep. 11, 2012. In this work, a
`
`high performance, nonlinear PID servo control algorithm was
`
`developed and implemented on a proprietary embedded system using C
`
`:$
 
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`
`  
`
`
`
`language. Note that PLLs can be viewed as a servo control system for
`
`signal phase.
`
`b)
`
`Ryan, T. S., L.A. Schaefer, and J.S. Vipperman, “Control of a Standing
`
`Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator,” IMECE2010-3 8966, Proceedings
`
`of ASME IMECE-10, November 12-18, 2010, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
`
`We developed various generators based upon phase locked loops as
`
`well as other techniques to drive a standing wave thermoacoustic
`
`system at its primary acoustic resonance (in the same manner as a
`
`Coriolis flow meter device). The PLL was realized in software.
`
`Kuxhaus L, Schimoler PJ, Vipperman JS, Miller MC. “Validation of a
`
`Feedback-Controlled Elbow Simulator Design: Elbow Muscle Moment
`
`Arm Measurement”. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 3(3), 7pp.,
`
`Sep. 2009.
`
`EAST\80613333.1
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`
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`Case IPR 2014-00170
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`d)
`
`Bisnette, Jesse, Adam K. Smith, J. S. Vipperman, and D. B. Budny,
`
`“Active Noise Control Using Phase-Compensated, Damped Resonant
`
`April, 2006. This was a demonstration of positive position control
`
`(PPC) on acoustic systems where the speaker phase dynamics were
`
`compensated.
`
`Haljasmaa, Igor V., J. S. Vipperman, Ronald J. Lynn, Robert P.
`
`Warzinski, “Control of a Fluid Particle Under Simulated Deep-Ocean
`
`Conditions in a High-Pressure Water Turmel,” AIP Review of
`
`Scientific Instruments, 76(2), Feb. 2005, pp. 1-11.
`
`Cabell, R. H., D. L. Palumbo, and J. S. Vipperman, “A Principal
`
`Component Feedforward Algorithm for Active Noise Control: Flight
`
`Test Results,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,
`
`9(1), January, 2001, pp. 76-83. In this project, algorithms were
`
`developed for Texas Instruments TMS320 series of digital signal
`
`processors (DSPs) in C and assembly languages to lock onto the phase
`
`of harmonic signals and control them by adapting the phase and
`
`Filters,” ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128(2), pp. 148-55,
`
`:$
 
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`
`g)
`
`Vipperman, J. S., R. L. Clark, “Multivariable Feedback Active
`
`Structural Acoustic Control Using Adaptive Piezoelectric
`
`EAST\80613333.1
`
`

`
`
`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`Sensoriactuators,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
`
`105(1), Jan. 1999, pp. 219-225. Here is another example of developing
`
`an embedded control system on Texas Instruments chips that involved
`
`exciting and controlling structural vibration.
`
`h) Vipperman, J. S., and R. L. Clark, “Hybrid Model-Insensitive Control
`
`Using a Piezoelectric Sensoriactuator,” Journal of Intelligent Material
`
`Systems and Structures, 7(6), November 1996, pp. 689-695. This
`
`article presented a novel control algorithm to create harmonic signals of
`
`the proper phase and amplitude to control structural vibration using
`
`piezoceramic self-sensing transducers.
`
`i) Vipperman, J. S., R. A. Burdisso, and C. R. Fuller, 1993, "Active
`
`Control of Broadband Structural Vibration Using the LMS Adaptive
`
`Algorithm," Journal of Sound and Vibration. 166(2), Sep. 1993, pp.
`
`283-299. The first embedded control system developed on Texas
`
`Instruments TMS320 series of digital signal processors to perform
`
`vibration control on a distributed structure using piezoceramic
`
`actuators.
`
`:$
 
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`15. My three patents for active transducers are also related to this work:
`
`1. Hensel, J.P., N. Black, J.D. Thornton, J.S. Vipperman, D.N. Lambeth,
`
`W.W. Clark, “Active Combustion Flow Modulation Valve,” United
`
`EAST\80613333.1
`
`10
`
`

`
`
`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`States Patent Number 8,540,209, Sep. 24, 2013.
`
`2. Gemmen, Randall, Jimmy Thornton, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, William W.
`
`Clark, “Piezoelectric Axial Flow Microvalve,” United States Patent
`
`Number 7,159,841, Jan. 9, 2007.
`
`3. Clark, R. L., J. S. Vipperman, and Daniel G. Cole, “Adaptive
`
`Piezoelectric Sensoriactuator,” United States Patent Number 5,578,761,
`
`Nov. 26, 1996.
`
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`components of a Coriolis flowmeter and digital control and measurement system.
`
`C.
`
`Patent Cases in Which I Have Offered Expert Testimony or
`
`Consulting
`
`16.
`
`The patent cases in which I have offered expert testimony or
`
`consulting services are set out in my curriculum vitae.
`
`II.
`
`TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE PATENTED TECHNOLOGY
`
`17.
`
`The ’ 136 patent teaches a control and measurement system for a
`
`digital flowmeter. A digital flowmeter is one that not only makes measurements
`
`digitally—that is generally a given—but also digitally generates a drive signal to
`
`control conduit oscillation. (Ex. 1001, 1:50-59, 3: 1-1 1.)
`
`18.
`
`The ’ 136 patent discloses multiple embodiments of the mechanical
`
`(Id. 3:12-6:24.) These embodiments each include (1) a vibratable conduit, (2) a
`
`digital controller to measure conduit vibration and to generate a drive signal to
`
`EAST\80613333.1
`
`1 1
`
`

`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`control conduit vibration, (3) a sensor between the conduit and digital circuitry to
`
`sense conduit vibration, and (4) a driver between the digital circuitry and the
`
`conduit to drive conduit vibration based on the drive signal from the digital
`
`controller. (Id. 3: 1-1 1.)
`
`19. An exemplary embodiment of the primary components of a digital
`
`flowmeter system of the ’ 136 patent is reproduced below:
`
`Massflow
`
`Measurement
`
`100
`
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`The digital controller above may be comprised of “a processor, a
`
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`20.
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`
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`
`
`EAST\80613333.1
`
`12
`
`

`
`Case IPR 2014-00170
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,311,136
`
`field-programmable gate array, an ASIC, other programmable logic or gate arrays,
`
`or programmable logic with a processor core.” (Id 8:38-42.)
`
`21.
`
`The ’ 136 patent discloses multiple features and capabilities created by
`
`the digital circuitry that allow for precise measurement and control. For example,
`
`the patent discloses the ability to digitally generate drive signals using multiple
`
`different drive modes. (Ex. 1001, 4:37-57.)
`
`22.
`
`The ’ 136 patent also discloses the ability to use a proportional-plus-
`
`integral (PI) control algorithm to control the motion of the conduit. (Id. 528-15.)
`
`23.
`
`The ’ 136 patent also discloses a control system capable of “apply[ing]
`
`a negative gain to the sensor signal to reduce motion of the conduit.” (Id. 5:45-47.)
`
`24.
`
`The digital circuitry of ’ 136 patent also discloses the ability to
`
`compensate for time delays “associated with the sensor and components connected
`
`between the sensor and the driver” In the digital flowmeter. (Id. 7:19-22.)
`
`25.
`
`Prior flowmeter control mechanisms lacked sufficient control
`
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`capability, precision and adaptability to adjust the conduit drive signal to overcome
`
`problems induced by variations in material flow within the conduit associated with
`
`twophase flow. (Ex. 1001, 1:60-65, 46:26-40.)
`
`26.
`
`Processing separate batches of fluid through the flowtube is another
`
`instance in which the digital flowmeter is vastly superior to prior analog
`
`flowmeters. (Ex. 1001, 49:58-50:21.)
`
`EAST\80613333.1
`
`13
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`

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